Farklı renkteki malçların çilekte yabancı ot yoğunluğu ve çilek verimi üzerine etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2022-2024 yıllarında Adana ili Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü çilek yetiştiriciliği alanında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede; yedi farklı renkteki (Kırmızı, Mavi, Pembe, Sarı, Yeşil, Gri ve Kahverengi) ayrıca ticari ve yaygın olarak kullanılan Siyah (Kontrol) polietilen malç materyallerinin yabancı ot yoğunluğu ve çilek verimine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Açık alan denemeleri, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş ve yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, farklı renkteki malç materyallerinin yabancı ot genel kaplama alanı (%) ve yoğunluğu (adet m-2), yabancı ot yaş ve kuru ağırlığının (g m-2) yanı sıra çilek verimi (g bitki-1) ile meyve ağırlığı (g meyve-1) özellikleri de incelenmiştir. İklime ve ekolojiye bağlı olarak Siyah malç (yoğunluk ortalamalası 3.75 adet m-2; kuru ağırlık ortalaması 35.00 g m-2) yanında koyu renklerden Kahverengi (2.75 adet m-2; 22.50 g m-2) ve Gri (7.00 adet m-2; 30.00 g m-2) renkli polietilen malçların çilek yetiştiriciliğinde rahatlıkla kullanılabileceği, koyu renkler haricinde Mavi renkli (8.00 adet m-2; 37.50 g m-2) malçın da yabancı ot kontrolünde koyu renklerle benzer etkiyi gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca yabancı ot mücadelesinde Siyah renk kadar etkili olduğu belirlenen bu malçların çilek verimini Mavide %59.10, Kahverengide %11.73 ve Gride %6.61 oranında arttırdığı bulunmuştur. Çilek meyve ağırlığı yönünden ise Kırmızı malç (%56.10) materyali en iyi performansı göstermiştir. Elde edilen veriler, Akdeniz iklimine sahip çilek yetiştirilen alanlarda farklı renkteki polietilen malçların siyah malça alternatif olabileceği sonucunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Keywords

• Alternatif mücadele
• İnorganik materyal
• Malçlama
• Verim
• yabancı ot yönetimi

The effect of different coloured mulches on weed density and strawberry yield in strawberry

Abstract

This study was conducted in the strawberry cultivation field of the Faculty of Horticultural Department, Çukurova University, Adana, during the period 2022-2024. The experiment investigated the effects of seven different coloured polyethylene mulches (Red, Blue, Pink, Yellow, Green, Grey and Brown) and commercially used Black polyethylene mulch (control) on weed density and strawberry yield. Field trials were set up and conducted in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The study evaluated overall coverage (%), density (plants m-2) and fresh and dry biomass (g m-2) of weeds, as well as strawberry yield (g plant-1) and fruit weight (g fruit-1). The results showed that, depending on the climate and ecology, dark-coloured mulches such as Brown (2.75 plants m-2; 22.50 g m-2) and Grey (7.00 plants m-2; 30.00 g m-2) polyethylene can be used effectively in strawberry cultivation alongside Black mulch (density averages 3.75 plants m-2; dry biomass averages 35.00 g m-2). Blue mulch (8.00 plants m-2; 37.50 g m-2) was found to be as effective as the dark-coloured mulches in controlling weeds. In addition, mulches that were as effective as Black in controlling weeds were found to increase strawberry yield by 59.10% in Blue, 11.73% in Brown and 6.61% in Grey. . In terms of fruit weight, the Red mulch (56.10%) showed the best performance. The data suggest that different coloured polyethylene mulches could be viable alternatives to Black mulch in strawberry growing areas with a Mediterranean climate.

Keywords

• Alternative control
• Inorganic material
• Mulching
• Yield
• Weed management

References

1. Abdul-Baki, A.A., Teasdale, J.R., Korcak, R., Chitwood, D.J., & Huettel, R.N. (1996). Fresh-market tomato production in a low-input alternative system using cover-crop mulch. HortScience, 31 (1), 65-69. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.31.1.65
2. Ahmad, W., DeVetter, L.W., McFadden, D., Maupin, B., Bajwa, D.S., Durado, A., Weyers, S., Galinato, S. P., Weiss B., & Gramig, G. (2024). Hydromulches suppress weeds and maintain fruit production in organically managed strawberry systems. Frontiers in Agronomy, 6, 1375505. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1375505
3. Almeida, W.F.D., Lima, L.A., & Pereira, G.M. (2015). Drip pulses and soil mulching effect on american crisphead lettuce yield. Engenharia Agrícola, 35, 1009-1018. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v35n6p1009-1018/2015
4. Amare, G., & Desta, B. (2021). Coloured plastic mulches: impact on soil properties and crop productivity. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 8 (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-020-00201-8
5. Arora, V.K., Singh, C.B., Sidhu, A.S., & Thind, S.S. (2011). Irrigation, tillage and mulching effects on soybean yield and water productivity in relation to soil texture. Agricultural Water Management, 98 (4), 563-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.004
6. Bakshi, P., Deep JI Bhat, Wall, V.K., Sharma, A., & Mudasir Iqbal, M. (2014). Growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler as influenced by various mulching materials. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9 (7), 701-706. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2013.7983
7. Brooks, A.N. (1958). Polyethylene film as a mulch for strawberry. Flo. Agr. Expt. Stat. Annu. Rpt. p. 395.
8. Courter, J.W., Vandemark, J.S., & Hopen, H.J. (1969). Mulching vegetables: practices and commercial applications. Circular (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) 1009.

9. Daugaard, H. (2008). The effect of mulching materials on yield and berry quality in organic strawberry production. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 26, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2008.9755077
10. Davis, P.H. (Ed.) (1965-1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 1-10). Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
11. Dittmar, P.J., Dufault, N.S., Desaeger, J., Qureshi, J., Boyd, N., & Paret, M. (2022). Chapter 4. Integrated Pest Management: VPH Ch. 4, CV298, Rev. 5/2022. EDIS 2022 (Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida). Gainesville, FL. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-cv298-2022
12. Dong, H., Li, W., Tang, W., & Zhang, D. (2009). Early plastic mulching increases stand establishment and lint yield of cotton in saline fields. Field Crops Research, 111 (3), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.001
13. Gökalp, Ö., & Üremiş, İ. (2015). Mardin’de buğday ürününe karışan yabancı ot tohumlarının belirlenmesi. MKÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (1) 23-30. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkuzfd/issue/19637/209638
14. Hitchcock, D.I. (1931). The combination of a standard gelatin preparation with hydrochloric acid and with sodium hydroxide. The Journal of General Physiology, 15 (2), 125-138. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.15.2.125
15. Johnson, M.S., & Fennimore, S.A. (2005). Weed and crop response to colored plastic mulches in strawberry production. HortScience, 40 (5), 1371-1375. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1371
16. Kader, M.A., Senge, M., Mojid, M.A., & Ito, K. (2017). Recent advances in mulching materials and methods for modifying soil environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 168, 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.001
17. Kai, X., Yan-Ping, G., Shang-Long, Z., Wen-Sheng, D., & Qing-Gong, F. (2007). Effect of light quality on the fruit quality of ‘Toyonoka’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 34 (3), 585-590. https://www.ahs.ac.cn/EN/Y2007/V34/I3/585
18. Kaur, P., & Kaur, A. (2017). Effect of various mulches on the growth and yield of strawberry cv. Chandler under sub-tropical conditions of Punjab. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, 25 (1), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.26611/202515
19. Kaya, H., & Üremiş İ. (2019). Determination of weed species, their frequencies and densities in onion fields in Hatay province. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24 (1) 21-30. http://dergipark.org.tr/mkutbd
20. Khater, I., & Hassan, M.A. (2017). Effect of some soil mulching systems on weed control and production of strawberry in New El Salhia Region. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 34 (3), 1465-1474. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2017.97494
21. Lamont, W.J. (1999). The use of different colored mulches for yield and earliness. Proceedings of the New England Vegetable and Berry Growers Conference and Trade Show, Sturbridge, MA., pp. 299-302.
22. MGM. (2024). Meteroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved from https://www.mgm.gov.tr/tahmin/il-ve-ilceler.aspx?il=Adana by June 25, 2024.
23. Ngouajin, M., & Ernest, J. (2004). Light transmission through colored polyethylene mulches affects weed populations. HortScience, 39 (6), 1302-1304. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.6.1302
24. Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London, Toronto. 574 p.
25. Orde, K.M., Marini, R., Demchak, K., & Sideman, R. (2021). Albion strawberry responds to mulch treatments and low tunnels covered with photoselective films. HortScience, 56 (9), 1005-1014. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15886-21
26. Özkil, M., Torun, H., Eymirli, S., Üremiş, İ., & Tursun, N. (2019). Adana ili ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ekim alanlarında bulunan yabancı otların yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi. MKÜ Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 24 (2) 87-96. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkutbd/issue/48321/611269
27. Pramanik, P., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Bhaduri, D., Bhattacharyya, R., & Aggarwal, P. (2015). Effect of mulch on soil thermal regimes-A review. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 8 (3), 645-658. https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-732X.2015.00072.8
28. Sarıdaş, M.A., Kapur, B., Çeliktopuz, E., Şahiner, Y., & Kargı, S.P. (2021a). Land productivity, irrigation water use efficiency and fruit quality under various plastic mulch colors and irrigation regimes of strawberry in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Agricultural Water Management, 245, 106568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106568
29. Sarıdaş, M.A., Karabıyık, Ş., Eti, S., & Paydaş Kargı, S. (2021b). Boron applications and bee pollinators increase strawberry yields. International Journal of Fruit Science, 21 (1), 481-491. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1907010
30. Saridas, M.A., Simsek, O., Donmez, D., Kacar, Y.A., & Kargi, S.P. (2021c). Genetic diversity and fruit characteristics of new superior hybrid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) genotypes. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 68 (2), 741-758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01020-4
31. Sharma, N.C., Sharma, S.D., & Spehia, R.S. (2013). Effect of plastic mulch colour on growth, fruiting and fruit quality of strawberry under polyhouse cultivation. International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 4 (2s), 314-316. https://www.ojs.pphouse.org/index.php/IJBSM/article/view/376
32. Shiukhy, S., Raeini-Sarjaz, M., & Chalavi, V. (2015). Colored plastic mulch microclimates affect strawberry fruit yield and quality. International journal of biometeorology, 59, 1061-1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0919-0
33. Shokouhian, A.A. & Asghari, A. (2015). Study the effect of mulch on yield of some strawberry cultivars in Ardabil condition. International Conference on Agriculture, Ecology and Biological Engineering (AEBE-15), September 07-08, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-5.
34. Singh, N., & Dwivedi, D. H. (2011). Studies on different type of mulches on vegetative growth of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch). Progressive Horticulture, 43 (1), 134-136. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85728004
35. Singh, N., Dwivedi, D. H., Kishor, S., & Maji, S. (2021). Improvement in growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) by mulch colour. Environmental Sustainability, 4, 705-710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-021-00167-9
36. Soylu, S., Sertkaya, E., Üremiş, İ., Bozkurt, İ.A., & Kurt, Ş. (2017). Hatay ili marul (Lactuca sativa L.) ekim alanlarında görülen önemli hastalık etmenleri, zararlı ve yabancı ot türleri ve yaygınlık durumları. MKÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (1) 23-33. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkuzfd/issue/30381/298689
37. Subrahmaniyan, K., Kalaiselvan, P., Balasubramanian, T. N., & Zhou, W. (2006). Crop productivity and soil properties as affected by polyethylene film mulch and land configurations in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 52 (1), 79-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340500421786
38. Tarara, J.M. (2000). Microclimate modification with plastic mulch. HortScience, 35 (2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.35.2.169
39. Wang, X., Shrestha, S., Tymon, L., Zhang, H., Miles, C., & DeVetter, L. (2022). Soil-biodegradable mulch is an alternative to non-biodegradable plastic mulches in a strawberry-lettuce double-cropping system. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 942645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.942645
40. Yuan, C., Lei, T., Mao, L., Liu, H., & Wu, Y. (2009). Soil surface evaporation processes under mulches of different sized gravel. Catena, 78 (2), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.03.002