Effects of microwave radiation to the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract

Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a pest that causes economic losses particularly on dry beans. Various control methods, especially those involving chemical treatments, have been successfully used against this pest. However, excessive use of chemicals poses resistance problems in insects and also threatens environmental and human health. For this reason, producers and researchers have been turning toward alternative control methods. One such method is the use of microwave radiation. This technique results in minimal product loss while significantly reducing pest populations. In this study, the effects of different microwave levels on A. obtectus, a storage pest of beans, were determined. In the trials, 7 different exposure times (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 seconds) and 5 different power levels (120, 350, 460, 600, and 700 watts) were applied to determine the mortality rate of the pest. The number of pest deaths was recorded. The laboratory production of this pest and the experiments were conducted in a room at 25±1 °C and 60±5% relative humidity. The results showed that mortality rates increased both with longer exposure to low radiation levels (120 watt, 100 sec., 73%; 350 watt, 60 sec., 100%) and with shorter exposure to high radiation levels (700 watt, 5 sec., 91%; 10 sec, 95%; 20 sec., 100%). The findings suggest that this method can be recommended as an alternative approach for controlling A. obtectus.

Keywords

• Stored pests
• Physical control
• Bean pests
• Mortality rates

Mikrodalga radyasyonunun fasulye tohum böceği Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) üzerindeki etkileri

Öz

Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) özellikle kuru fasulye üzerinde ekonomik kayba neden olan bir zararlıdır. Bu zararlı ile mücadelede özellikle kimyasalların tercih edildiği farklı yöntemler kullanılarak başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Ancak yoğun kimyasal kullanımı böceklerde direnç probleminin yanında çevre ve insan sağlığı için de tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu sebeple üreticiler ve araştırıcılar alternatif mücadele yöntemlerine yönelmektedir. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de mikrodalga radyasyonu kullanılarak yapılan mücadeledir. Bu yöntem kullanıldığında üründe minimum kayıp meydana gelirken, zararlıların popülasyonunu oldukça düşük seviyelere inmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir depo zararlısı olan fasulye tohum böceği A. obtectus üzerinde farklı mikrodalga değerlerinin etkisi belirlenmiştir. Denemelerde zararlının ölüm oranını belirlemek amacıyla 7 farklı sürede (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 saniye), 5 farklı güç seviyesi (120, 350, 460, 600, 700 watt) uygulanmıştır. Zararlının ölüm miktarı ortaya konmuştur. Bu zararlının laboratuvar koşullarındaki üretimi ve denemeler 25±1 °C sıcaklık ve %60±5 orantılı neme sahip odada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre hem düşük radyasyon değerine uzun süre maruz kalma (120 watt, 100 sn, %73; 350 watt, 60 sn, %100) durumunda hem de yüksek radyasyon değerine kısa süre maruz kalma durumunda (700 watt, 5 sn, %91; 10 sn, %95; 20 sn, %100) ölüm oranının arttığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar bu yöntemin A. obtectus mücadelesinde alternatif bir yöntem olarak önerilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Depo zararlıları
• Fiziksel mücadele
• Fasulye zararlısı
• ölüm oranı

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