Genetic diversity analysis of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes in Türkiye using SSR markers

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 25 different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes cultivated in Türkiye, including 16 registered cultivars, 6 local populations, 1 Indian population adapted to the ecological conditions of Konya, and 2 genotypes of Indian origin, using SSR markers. Genetic diversity was assessed using 10 different SSR primers, resulting in a total of 79 polymorphic bands. The CUESTSSR02 primer was the most efficient one with high values for Polymorphic Allele Number (PA), Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Expected Heterozygosity (He), and Marker Index (MI). Genetic relationships between genotypes were analyzed and visualized using a circular phylogenetic tree, PCoA, and a heatmap. The findings revealed that the local populations are genetically distinct from both registered cultivars and Indian genotypes. Notably, the Akören genotype was identified as genetically isolated from all other genotypes. This study highlights the crucial role of local populations in preserving and enhancing genetic diversity. The integration of Indian genotypes with local populations may contribute to the development of more resilient and productive cultivars. The findings emphasize that the effective use of genetic resources can support sustainable agriculture and improve agricultural performance.

Keywords

• Sesame (Sesamum inducum L.)
• SSR markers
• Genetic diversity
• Local populations

Türkiye’deki susam (Sesamum indicum L.) genotiplerinin genetik çeşitliliğinin SSR markörleri ile analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de yetiştirilen 16 tescilli çeşit, 6 yerel popülasyon, Konya ekolojik koşullarına uyum sağlamış 1 Hint popülasyonu ve Hindistan kökenli 2 genotip olmak üzere toplam 25 farklı susam genotipinin genetik çeşitliliğini SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markörleri kullanarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmada, 10 farklı SSR primeri ile yapılan genetik çeşitlilik değerlendirmesi sonucunda toplam 79 polimorfik bant tespit edilmiştir. CUESTSSR02 primeri, yüksek Polimorfik Allel Sayısı (PA), Polimorfik Bilgi İçeriği (PIC), Beklenen Heterozigotluk (He) ve Markör İndeksi (MI) değerleri ile en verimli primer olarak öne çıkmıştır.Genotipler arasındaki genetik ilişkiler, dairesel filogenetik ağaç, Temel Koordinatlar Analizi (TKoA) ve ısı haritası gibi yöntemlerle görselleştirilerek analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, yerel popülasyonların tescilli çeşitlerden ve Hindistan genotiplerinden genetik olarak farklılaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle Akören genotipi, tüm diğer genotiplerden genetik olarak izole bir yapıya sahip bulunmuştur. Çalışma, yerel popülasyonların genetik çeşitliliğin korunması ve artırılmasında önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Hindistan genotiplerinin yerel popülasyonlarla birleştirilmesi, daha dayanıklı ve verimli varyetelerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Sonuçlar, genetik kaynakların etkin kullanımının sürdürülebilir tarımı destekleyerek tarımsal performansı artırabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Susam (Sesamum indicum L.)
• SSR markörleri
• Genetik çeşitlilik
• Yerel popülasyon

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