Isolation, identification and characterization of antagonistic and plant growth promoting mechanisms of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from forest soils

Abstract

This research focused on evaluating the plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol capabilities of Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil samples obtained from two forested regions in Hatay Province. After isolation, the pathogenicity of 16 different Pseudomonas isolates was evaluated using the hypersensitivity reaction (HR) and soft rot assay. Non-pathogenic isolates were identified to species level by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The selected strains were analysed under laboratory conditions for their plant-promoting and pathogen-suppressive properties, including production of siderophores and proteases, phosphate solubilisation and synthesis of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia (NH₃). In particular, P. putida FS12 exhibited high siderophore production, P. extremorientalis FS3 showed a strong ability to dissolve phosphate and P. mandelii FS13 was characterised by strong HCN and NH₃ production. Among the isolates, P. brassicacearum FS16 showed a broad spectrum of biocontrol potential combining several useful mechanisms. These results show that microbial diversity in forest soil is a valuable reservoir for agriculturally useful compounds. The identified Pseudomonas strains are proposed as candidates for the development of biofertilisers or biopesticides, and have the potential to offer environmentally friendly alternatives for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords

• Forest soil
• Pseudomonas
• Biological control
• Biofertilizer
• Plant growth-promoting bacteria

Orman topraklarından izole edilen Pseudomonas türlerinin izolasyonu tanılanması, antagonistik ve bitki gelişimini teşvik edici mekanizmalarının karakterizasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinin iki farklı ormanlık alandan elde edilen toprak örneklerinden izole edilen Pseudomonas türü bakterilerin, bitki gelişimini teşvik edici özellikleri ve biyolojik mücadele potansiyelleri detaylı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İzolasyon sonrası elde edilen 16 farklı Pseudomonas izolatı, hipersensitif reaksiyon (HR) ve yumuşak çürüklük testleriyle patojenisite yönünden taranmış, güvenli bulunan izolatlar MALDI-TOF MS yöntemiyle tür düzeyinde tanımlanmıştır. Bu izolatlar, siderofor ve proteaz üretimi, fosfat çözme kabiliyeti, hidrojen siyanür (HCN) ve amonyak (NH₃) üretimi gibi bitki büyümesini teşvik eden ve patojenleri baskılayan mekanizmalar açısından laboratuvar koşullarında test edilmiştir. P. putida FS12 yüksek düzeyde siderofor üretimiyle, P. extremorientalis FS3 belirgin fosfat çözme kapasitesiyle, P. mandelii FS13 ise güçlü NH₃ ve HCN üretimiyle öne çıkmıştır. P. brassicacearum FS16 ise birden fazla mekanizmayı aynı anda göstererek çok yönlü bir biyokontrol potansiyeli sergilemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, orman topraklarının mikrobiyal çeşitliliğinin tarımsal açıdan değerli biyolojik ajanlar için önemli bir kaynak oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada belirlenen Pseudomonas izolatları, biyogübre ya da biyopestisit formülasyonlarında değerlendirilmek üzere aday olarak önerilmekte olup, sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarında çevre dostu alternatifler sunma potansiyeline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orman toprağı
• Pseudomonas
• Biyolojik mücadele
• Biyogübre
• Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden bakteri

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