Türkiye'nin doğusundaki Diyarbakır ve Bingöl illerindeki ormanlarda arıların (Hymenoptera: Apidae) biyoçeşitliliği

Öz

Türkiye’nin doğusunda yer alan Diyarbakır ve Bingöl illeri genellikle yazları sıcak ve kurak kışları ise soğuk ve kar yağışlı iklim özelliklerine sahip orman alanlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu ormanlar oldukça farklı çiçekli bitkilerin yer aldığı alanlardır. Bu kapsamda arı örnekleri 2017-2024 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ve Bingöl illerinin çeşitli bölgelerindeki orman alanlarında farklı çiçekli bitkilerden atrap ile toplandı. Toplanan örnekler etil asetat yardımıyla öldürüldükten sonra laboratuvara getirilip iğnelenip, etiketlendikten sonra teşhisleri yapıldı. Yapılan tanımlamalar sonucunda bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin doğusundaki arı grubuna ait dört familyanın altı cinsine ait 15 tür listelenmiştir: Andrenidae'de bir türe sahip bir cins, Apidae'de iki cinse ait üç tür, Colletidae'ye ait bir cinsin beş alt cinsine ait altı tür ve Halictidae'ye ait iki cinse ait beş tür. Tüm türlerin toplama yerleri ve dağılımları sağlanmıştır. Bunlar arasında Nomioides bluethgeni Pesenko, 1979 Türkiye faunası için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca, Camptopoeum variegatum Morawitz, 1876 Bingöl ve Diyarbakır illeri için yeni bir kayıttır; Ceratina gravidula Gerstäcker, 1869, Ceratina bifida Friese, 1900, Sphecodes monilicornis (Kirby, 1802), Sphecodes puncticeps Thomson, 1870, Sphecodes ruficrus (Erichson, 1835) ve Sphecodes crassus Thomson, 1870 Bingöl ili için ilk kayıttır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye doğusundaki arı faunasının anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmakta ve polinatör çeşitliliği açısından orman habitatlarının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hymenoptera
• Arılar
• Ormanlar
• Türkiye

The biodiversity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in forests of Diyarbakır and Bingöl provinces in Eastern Türkiye

Abstract

The provinces of Diyarbakır and Bingöl, located in Eastern Türkiye, consist of forested areas characterized by hot and dry summers and cold, snowy winters. These forests are rich in diverse flowering plants and bee species. The bee specimens were collected using an insect net from various flowering plants in forested regions of Diyarbakır and Bingöl between 2017 and 2024. After being killed with ethyl acetate, the specimens were brought to the laboratory, pinned, labeled, and identified. As a result of the identifications, a total of 15 species belonging to six genera from four families of bees were listed from Eastern Türkiye: one genus with one species from Andrenidae, two genera with three species from Apidae, one genus with six species from five subgenera of Colletidae, and two genera with five species from Halictidae. The collection localities and distributions of all recorded species are provided. Among them, Nomioides bluethgeni Pesenko, 1979 is a new record for the Turkish fauna. Additionally, Camptopoeum variegatum Morawitz, 1876 is newly recorded for both Bingöl and Diyarbakır provinces; Ceratina gravidula Gerstäcker, 1869, Ceratina bifida Friese, 1900, Sphecodes monilicornis (Kirby, 1802), Sphecodes puncticeps Thomson, 1870, Sphecodes ruficrus (Erichson, 1835), and Sphecodes crassus Thomson, 1870 are recorded for the first time in Bingöl province. This study contributes to the understanding of Eastern Türkiye’s bee fauna and highlights the importance of forest habitats for pollinator diversity.

Keywords

• Hymenoptera
• Bees
• Forests
• Türkiye

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