Pamuk bitkisinde yapraktan kükürt uygulamalarının uzun süreli su stresi koşullarında stoma iletkenliğine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma farklı gelişme dönemlerinde (vejetatif gelişme dönemi (VG), çiçeklenme ve koza oluşumu dönemi (ÇKO), kozaların açılması dönemi (KA)) su stresine maruz bırakılmış Carisma çeşidi pamuk bitkisinin su stresinin azaltılmasında yapraktan kükürt uygulamalarının etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2015-2016 yıllarında yürütülmüştür.

Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan bu araştırma da, ana parsellere gelişme dönemleri (OOO, TTT, TOO, OTT, OTO, TOT), alt parsellere kükürt dozları (S0: Kontrol, S1: 150 ml da-1, S2: 250 ml da-1, S3: 350 ml da-1) konumlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada su stresinin fizyolojik etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla stoma iletkenliği ile bitki su tüketimi ve verim ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Tam sulama konularına her sulamada uygulanan ortalama sulama suyu miktarı deneme yıllarına göre sırasıyla 127.5- 138 mm düzeyinde gerçekleşmiştir. Bitki su tüketimi değerleri ise, denemenin ilk yılında 304-1012 mm; ikinci yılında 256-1070 mm arasında değişmiştir. Stoma iletkenliği değerleri ilk yıl 269-1067 mmol m-2 s-1; ikinci yıl 205-407 mmol m-2 s-1 arasında değişmekte ve en yüksek stoma iletkenliği değeri her iki yılda da bütün gelişme dönemlerinde tam sulanan (TTT) konudan elde edilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Farklı gelişme dönemlerinde uzun dönemli su stresine maruz kalındığı için kükürt dozlarının stoma iletkenliği ve verim üzerine etkileri farklılık göstermiş ancak, genel olarak S1 ve S2 dozları anılan değerleri yükseltmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Amik Ovasında damla sulama ile sulanan ve farklı gelişme dönemlerinde su stresine maruz kalmış pamuk bitkisinin, yapraktan kükürt uygulayarak stoma iletkenliğinin nasıl değiştiği bilenen bir konu değildir. Bu araştırma, Amik ovasında Carisma çeşidi pamuk bitkilerinde uzun süreli su stresinin etkilerini azaltmak için hangi dozda kükürt verilmesi gerektiğini belirlemek için yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
• farklı gelişme dönemleri
• su kısıtı
• stoma iletkenliği
• yapraktan kükürt uygulaması

Effects of foliar sulfur applications in cotton crop on stomatal conductance under water stress

Abstract

Aims: This study was performed in 2015-2016 in order to determine how the foliar application of sulfur helped reduce the effects of long-term water stress in Carisma variety cotton plants in different periods of development, namely vegetative growth (VG), flowering and boll development (FB), and boll opening (BO) periods.

Methods and Results: The study was set up in randomized complete block with three replications. Development periods (OOO, TTT, TOO, OTT, OTO, TOT) were assigned to main plots and sulfur doses (S0: Control, S1: 150 ml da-1, S2: 250 ml da-1, S3: 350 ml da-1) were assigned to sub-plots. Measurements were made on stomatal conductance, as well as evaporatranspiration and yield to evaluate the physiological effects of water stress. The average amounts of irrigation water used in each full irrigation were 127.5 and 138 mm respectively, for the treatment years. As for the evaporatranspiration values, in the first treatment year it was found between 304 and 1012 mm and in the second year from 256 to 1070 mm. Stomatal conductance values ranged from 269 to 1067 mmol m-2 s-1 in the first year and from 205 to 407 mmol m-2 s-1 in the second year with the highest stomatal conductance value obtained from full irrigation (TTT) during all growth periods in both years.

Conclusions: The effects of sulfur dosage on stomatal conductance and yield varied due to exposure to long-term water stress at different developmental periods; however, generally speaking, the doses of S1 and S2 cause these values to increase.

Significance and Impact of the Study: In the Amik Plain, there was no detailed study to determine how foliar sulfur applications changed the stomatal conductance of cotton when drip-irrigated and subjected to water stress during the different development stages. This research revealed in what dose sulfur should be given to reduce the effects of long-term water stress in Carisma variety cotton plants in Amik plain.

Keywords

• Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
• deficit irrigation
• different growth stages
• foliar sulfur application
• stomatal conductance

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