Hatay’da PM10 ve SO2 Düzeyi ve Değişimleri, 2007-2017

Abstract

Amaç:Hava kalitesi sağlığın en önemli belirleyicilerindendir. Hava kirliliği başta kanserler, kalp damar hastalıkları, solunum ve sinir sistemi hastalıkları olmak üzere çok sayıda hastalık için risk faktörüdür. Çalışmanın amacı Hatay’da hava kalitesini PM₁₀ ve SO₂ üzerinden yıllar itibarı ile değerlendirmektir. 

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın verileri Antakya ve İskenderun’da rutin ölçüm yapan hava kalitesi izlem istasyonların 2007 ve 2017 yılları arasındaki yaptığı ölçümlerden elde edildi. Yılın en az %75 gününde ölçüm yapılan veriler çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Veriler http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/ sunucusundan 24 saatlik ortalamalar yıllara ve aylara göre analiz edildi.

Bulgular: PM₁₀; Tüm yılların ortanca PM₁₀ değeri 53 (min:0-max:995)µg/m³, ortalaması ise 66,6±53,4 µg/m³’dır. Ölçüm yapılan günler içinde, limit aşımı Antakya’da % 67,1, İskenderun’da %24,7 olmak üzere, genel ortalamada %54,3’tür. Limit aşımı en fazla %94,4 ile 2017 yılı iken, aylara göre ise %72,4 ile Şubat ayıdır. SO₂; Tüm verilerin ortanca SO₂ değeri 7(min:0-max:316)µg/m³’tür. Günlük SO₂ ölçümlerinin %15,6’sında limit aşımı olmuştur. Antakya’da SO₂ limit aşımı %11,6, İskenderun’da %22,3’tür.Yıllara göre en fazla limit aşımı %26,4 ile 2015 yılı, aylara göre ise %41,9 ile Aralık ayıdır.

Sonuç: Antakya ve İskenderun’da dış ortam havası kirlidir. Hava kalitesinde yıllar itibarı ile önemli bir iyileşme görülmemektedir. Hava kalitesini DSÖ’nün değerlerine yükseltebilmek için sorumlu sektörler başta olmak üzere, toplumun tüm kesimlerinde farkındalık ve duyarlılık geliştirici çalışmalar gereklidir.

Keywords

• Hava kirliliği,Antakya,İskenderun,PM10

PM10 and SO2 Levels and Changes in Hatay, 2007-2017

Abstract

Aim: Air quality is one of the most important determinants of health. Air pollution is a risk factor for many diseases, especially cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and nervous system diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate air quality in PM10 and SO2 in Hatay. Materials and Methods: The data of the study were obtained from the measurements of air quality monitoring stations in Antakya and Iskenderun between 2007 and 2017. Measured data at least 75% of the year were included. Data were collected from http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/ and 24 hours averages are analyzed by the years and months. Results: The median PM10 value of all the years is 53 µg/m3 (min: 0-max: 995) and the average is 66.6 ± 53.4 10 µg / m3. Of the measurement days, the exceeded value was 54.3% in the general, 67.1% in Antakya and 24.7% in Iskenderun. The maximum exceeded percentage was seen 94,4% in 2017 and 72,4% in February. The median SO2 value of all data is 7 µg/m3 (min: 0-max: 316). Of daily SO2 measurements, 15.6% were exceeded limit. The percentage of exceeded limit in SO2 was 11.6% in Antakya and 22.3% in Iskenderun. The percentage of exceeded limit in SO2 by years and months was 26.4% in 2015 and 41.9% in December. Conclusion: Outdoor air in Antakya and Iskenderun is polluted. There is no significant improvement in the air quality by the years. In order to improve the air quality to the values of WHO, awareness and sensitivity enhancing efforts are required in all levels of the society, especially in the responsible sectors.

Keywords

• Air pollution,Antakya,Iskenderun,PM10,SO2

References

1. List of classifications, Volumes 1–123 – IARC [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications-volumes/
2. Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250141/9789241511353-eng.pdf?sequence=1
3. WHO | 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution. WHO [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Jan 16]; Available from: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/
4. Hartman RS, Wheeler D, Singh M. The cost of air pollution abatement. Applied Economics [Internet]. 1997 Jun [cited 2019 Jan 16];29(6):759–74. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/000368497326688
5. Temiz Hava Hakkı Platformu. Türkiye’de Hava Kirliliği:Kara Rapor. Vol. 90.
6. Li J, Sun S, Tang R, Qiu H, Huang Q, Mason TG, et al. Major air pollutants and risk of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 Jun 26];11:3079–91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003742
7. Jiang X-Q, Mei X-D, Feng D. Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what should people know and do? Journal of thoracic disease [Internet]. 2016 Jan [cited 2018 Jun 26];8(1):E31-40. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904251
8. COPD and Air Pollution | COPD.net [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: https://copd.net/basics/causes-risk-factors/who-is-at-risk/air-pollution/

9. Raza A, Dahlquist M, Lind T, Ljungman PLS. Susceptibility to short-term ozone exposure and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by previous hospitalizations. Environmental Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 13 [cited 2018 Jun 29];17(1):37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29653570
10. Rabiei K, Hosseini S,M, Sadeghi E, Jafari-Koshki T, Rahimi M, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory disease: Rationale and methodology of CAPACITY study. ARYA Atherosclerosis [Internet]. 2017;13(6):264–73. Available from: http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L620744909%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.22122/arya.v13i6.1614
11. Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Planetary Health [Internet]. 2017;1(9):e360–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30166-3
12. Lasley SM, Gilbert ME. Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neurotoxicology [Internet]. 2000 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 16];21(6):1057–68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233752
13. Lasley SM, Green MC, Gilbert ME. Rat hippocampal NMDA receptor binding as a function of chronic lead exposure level. Neurotoxicology and teratology [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jun 29];23(2):185–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348836
14. Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Basagaña X, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Cirach M, Beelen R, et al. Air pollution and human fertility rates. Environment International. 2014;70:19–24.
15. da Silveira CG, Di Domenico M, Hilário Nascimento Saldiva P, Ramos Rhoden C. Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation. Inhalation Toxicology [Internet]. 2018;0(0):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2018.1530317
16. Evaluation TWB and I for HM and. The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action. The World Bank Group and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016;100.
17. İnandı T, Canciğer Eltaş M, Kerman B. Particulate Matter and Sulphur Dioxide Trends in Turkey, 2005-2015. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2018;38(3):209–17. Available from: http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-particulate-matter-and-sulphur-dioxide-trends-in-turkey-2005-2015-81455.html
18. Global ambient air pollution [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: http://maps.who.int/airpollution/