Effect of Hybrid Activation and Loss Functions for Pneumonia Classification in Chest X-ray Images

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 15 - 25, 30.06.2025

Yasin Özkan , Sibel Barin Özkan

https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1625377

Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the major infectious diseases leading to death worldwide and its early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Chest X-ray images are a frequently used method for the detection of pneumonia and often contain complex structures to make an accurate diagnosis. In this study, deep learning based models are used to classify normal and pneumonia labeled data in Chest X-ray images. As a result of the comparisons made on MobileNetV2, ResNet50, VGG19, Xception and ViT models, the VGG19 model achieved the highest success with an accuracy of 88.14%. In addition, the proposed hybrid activation function integrated into the VGG19 model performed the best with 91.67% accuracy and improved the classification success. Performance evaluations with the integration of different loss functions (MSE, MAE, Binary Cross-Entropy and the proposed loss function) also revealed that the Proposed Hybrid loss function achieved the highest performance with 92.63% accuracy. These findings show that hybrid activation and loss functions significantly improve classification accuracy in deep learning-based medical imaging applications.

Keywords

Chest x-ray , Deep learning , Hybrid activation function , Loss function , Pneumonia

Ethical Statement

All data used in this study are taken from a publicly available and freely accessible dataset. Therefore, there is no requirement for an ethical declaration. The dataset is obtained from open sources provided for research purposes and does not contain any personal data.

Chest X-ray Görüntülerinde Pnömoni Sınıflandırması İçin Hibrit Aktivasyon ve Kayıp Fonksiyonlarının Etkisi

Abstract

Pnömoni, dünya çapında ölüme yol açan önemli enfeksiyon hastalıklarından biridir ve erken teşhis edilmesi, tedavi süreçlerinin başarısı için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Chest X-ray görüntüleri, pnömoninin tespiti için sıklıkla kullanılan bir yöntem olup, doğru teşhis koymak için genellikle karmaşık yapılar içerir. Bu çalışmada, Chest X-ray görüntülerindeki normal ve pnömoni etiketli verilerin sınıflandırılması amacıyla derin öğrenme tabanlı modeller kullanılmıştır. MobileNetV2, ResNet50, VGG19, Xception ve ViT modelleri üzerinde yapılan karşılaştırmalar sonucunda, VGG19 modeli %88.14 doğruluk oranı ile en yüksek başarıyı elde etmiştir. Ayrıca, VGG19 modeline entegre edilen önerilen hibrit aktivasyon fonksiyonu, %91.67 doğruluk ile en iyi performansı sergileyerek sınıflandırma başarısını artırmıştır. Farklı kayıp fonksiyonlarının (MSE, MAE, Binary Cross-Entropy ve önerilen kayıp fonksiyonu) entegrasyonu ile yapılan performans değerlendirmeleri de, Proposed Hybrid kayıp fonksiyonunun %92.63 doğruluk oranı ile en yüksek başarıyı sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, hibrit aktivasyon ve kayıp fonksiyonlarının derin öğrenme tabanlı tıbbi görüntüleme uygulamalarında sınıflandırma doğruluğunu önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Göğüs röntgeni , Derin öğrenme , Hibrit aktivasyon fonksiyonu , Kayıp fonksiyonu , Zatürre

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada kullanılan tüm veriler, halka açık ve ücretsiz erişime sahip bir veri setinden alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla, etik beyan gereksinimi bulunmamaktadır. Veri seti, araştırma amacıyla sağlanan açık kaynaklardan temin edilmiştir ve herhangi bir kişisel veri içermemektedir.

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