Ses İşaretlerinde Kalman ve RLS Filtreleri Kullanarak Gürültünün Azaltılması

Abstract

Bu makalede, konuşma işaretlerindeki gürültüyü azaltmak için kullanılan Kalman ve yinelemeli en küçük kareler (RLS) adaptif filtre modellerinin karşılaştırılmasına odaklanılmıştır. Bu amaç için, dış ortamda (trafik) ve iç ortamda (alışveriş merkezi) gürültülü kadın sesi kayıtları ve gürültüsüz referans kayıtları içeren bir veri setleri oluşturulmuş ve karşılaştırma için Python programlama dili kullanılarak her iki filtre modeli tasarlanmıştır. Filtre modellerinin performanslarını değerlendirmek için, farklı işaret-gürültü oranı (SNR) seviyelerinde dış ve iç ortamda oluşturulan gürültülü ve gürültüsüz veri setleri kullanılarak deneyler tekrarlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen performans deneyleri, filtrelerin hem gürültünün azaltılmasında hem de işaret bütünlüğünün korunmasında etkin olduğunu göstermiştir. Kalman filtresi, sistem dinamiklerine uygun modelleme ile optimum tahmin sağlarken, RLS filtresi hızlı uyum kabiliyeti ve düşük hata oranlarıyla öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gerçekleştirilen deneyler farklı gürültü ortamları ve SNR seviyelerinde her iki adaptif filtrenin de performanslarının değiştiğini ve konuşma işaretlerinde gürültünün azaltılması için etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Adaptif filtreleme
• Gürültü azaltma
• Kalman filtresi
• Konuşma işaretleri
• Yinelemeli en küçük kareler (RLS) filtresi

Noise Reduction in Audio Signals using Kalman and RLS Filters

Abstract

This article focuses on comparing Kalman and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filter models used to reduce noise in speech signals. For this aim, datasets containing noisy and noise-free reference female voice were recorded in both outdoor (traffic) and indoor (shopping mall) environments, and both filter models were designed for comparison using the Python programming language. To evaluate the performance of filter models, different experiments were repeated using noisy and noise-free datasets generated in both outdoor and indoor environments at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. The performance experiments demonstrated that the filters were effective both in reducing noise and preserving signal integrity. The Kalman filter provided optimal estimation by modeling system dynamics, while the RLS filter stood out with its fast adaptation and low error rates. As a result, the experiments illustrated that the performance of both adaptive filters varied across different noise environments and SNR levels and that they were effective in reducing noise in speech signals.

Keywords

• Adaptive filtering
• Kalman filter
• Noise reduction
• Recursive Least Squares (RLS) filter
• Speech signals

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