Buqa Chīngsāng: Protagonist of Qubilai Khan’s Unsuccessful Coup Attempt Against the Hülegüid Dynasty
Abstract
The study examines the coup attempt orchestrated by Qubilai Khan (1260–94), who desired to re-establish
the ‘Yeke Mongol Ulus’ and to unify the separated Mongol khanates under the authority of the Yuan Empire. The
coup was mounted against the Ilkhan Arghun (1284–91), who was the ruler of the Mongols in Iran, who had
been showing signs of separation from the central administration since the time of Aḥmad Tegüder (1282–84).
The protagonist of the unsuccessful coup was Amīr Buqa, a loyal commander of the Great Khanate. The article
investigates the process, historical background and the results of the attempt in the light of the contemporary
sources and the modern studies.
References
- ‘Abd el-Allāh İbn Faḍl El-Allāh Şeref el-Dīn Şīrāzī, Vaṣṣaf el-Haḍrat, Tecziyet el-Emṣār ve Tecziyet el-A‘ṣār, Tahran 1338.
- Allouche, A., “Teguder’s Ultimatum to Qalawun”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, XXII/4, (1990), s. 437-446.
- Allsen, T., “Biography of a Cultural Broker: Bolad Ch’eng-Hsiang in China and Iran”, The Court of the Ilkhans, 1290-1340, ed. J. Raby and T. Fitzherbert, London 1994, [s. 7-22].
- Allsen, T., Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia, Cambridge 2001.
- Amitai, R., “Sufis and Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, XLII/1, (1999), s. 27-46.
- Amitai, R., “The Conversion of Tegüder Ahmad to Islam”. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, XXV, (2001), s. 15-43.
- Amitai, R., Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281, Cambridge 2004.
- [Anonim,] The Secret History of the Mongols, ed. U. Onon, London-New York 2001.
- Atwood, Ch. Pratt, Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York 2004.
- Aybek el-Devādārī, Kenz el-Durer ve Cāmi ‘el-Durer ve el-Ġurer, VIII, ed. Ulrich Haarman, Kahire 1971.
- Biran, M., Qaidu and the Rise of Independent Mongol State in Central Asia, Surrey 1997.
- Boyle, J. A., “Dynastic and Political History of the Ilk-Khāns”, The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge 1968, s. 303-421.
- Budge, E. A. Wallis, The Chronography of Gregory Abû’l Faraj, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Habraus; Being the First Part of His Political History of the World, London 1932.
- Halperin, Ch. J., “The Kipchak Connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, LXIII/2, (2000), s. 229-245.
- Ḥamd el-Allāh Müstevfī Ḳazwīnī, Tārīh-i Güzīde, ed. ‘Abd el-Ḥüseyin Nevā’ī, Tahran 1364.
- Jackson, P., “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire”, Central Asiatic Journal, 22, (1978), s. 186-244.
- Kanat, C., “İlhanlı Hükümdarı Teküdar’ın Müslümanlığı Kabulü ve Bunun Memlūk Devleti’ndeki Yankıları”, Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12, (2002), s. 233-247.
- [Kartlis Tskhovreba,] A History of Georgia, Kartlis Tskhovreba, ed. Commission for the Study of Georgian Historical Sources, Tbilisi 2014.
- May, T., The Mongol Conquests in World History, London 2012.
- Melville, Ch., “Pādishāh-i Islām: The Conversion of Sultān Mahmūd Ghāzān Khān”, Pembroke Papers, I, (1990), s. 159-177.
- Morgan, D., “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, XIX/4, (2009), s. 427-437.
- Pfeiffer, J., “Reflections on a ‘Double Rapprochement’: Conversion to Islam among the Mongol Elite during the Early Ilkhanate”, Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Linda Komaroff, Leiden 2006, s. 369-389.
- Reşīd el-Dīn Faḍl el-Allāh Hemedānī, Cāmi‘ el-Tevārīḫ-i Reşīd el-Dīn Faḍl el-Allāh Hemedānī, II, ed. Muḥammed Rūshan-Muṣṭafā Mūsavī, Tahran 1373.
- Rossabi, M., Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times, Berkeley 1988.
- Spuler, B., “Būqā”, Encyclopedia Iranica, IV, (1989), s. 551.
- [Step’annos Orbelean,] Step’annos Orbelean’s History of Sisakan, İng. trc. Robert Bedrosian, (İnternette Yayımlanan) New Jersey 2012.
- Uyar, Mustafa, “İlhanlı Hükümdarlarının İslâm’a Girmesinde Rol Alan Türk Sûfîleri: İlhan Tegüder ve Gazan Han Devirleri”, Belleten, LXXVI/275, (2012), s. 7-30.
Ḳubilay Ḫan’ın Hülegü Hanedanlığı’na Karşı Düzenlediği Başarısız Darbe Girişiminin Ana Karakteri: Buḳa Çīngsāng
Abstract
Çalışma, parçalanmış haldeki Moğol hanlıklarını Yuan İmparatorluğu bünyesinde birleştirerek “Yeke Mongol
Ulus”u tekrar kurmak niyetinde olan Kubilay Han’ın (1260-94) düzenlediği darbe girişimini incelemektedir.
Söz konusu darbe, Aḥmed Tegüder (1282-84) zamanından itibaren merkezî yönetimden ayrılma belirtileri
gösteren İran Moğolları hükümdarı İlhan Argun’a (1284-91) karşı yapılmıştı. Bu başarısız darbenin ana
karakteri ise Büyük Hanlık’ın sadık kumandanı Emīr Buka idi. Makale bu girişim sürecini, tarihsel arka planını
ve sonuçlarını muasır kaynaklar ve günümüz çalışmaları ışığında ele almaktadır.
References
- ‘Abd el-Allāh İbn Faḍl El-Allāh Şeref el-Dīn Şīrāzī, Vaṣṣaf el-Haḍrat, Tecziyet el-Emṣār ve Tecziyet el-A‘ṣār, Tahran 1338.
- Allouche, A., “Teguder’s Ultimatum to Qalawun”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, XXII/4, (1990), s. 437-446.
- Allsen, T., “Biography of a Cultural Broker: Bolad Ch’eng-Hsiang in China and Iran”, The Court of the Ilkhans, 1290-1340, ed. J. Raby and T. Fitzherbert, London 1994, [s. 7-22].
- Allsen, T., Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia, Cambridge 2001.
- Amitai, R., “Sufis and Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, XLII/1, (1999), s. 27-46.
- Amitai, R., “The Conversion of Tegüder Ahmad to Islam”. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, XXV, (2001), s. 15-43.
- Amitai, R., Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281, Cambridge 2004.
- [Anonim,] The Secret History of the Mongols, ed. U. Onon, London-New York 2001.
- Atwood, Ch. Pratt, Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York 2004.
- Aybek el-Devādārī, Kenz el-Durer ve Cāmi ‘el-Durer ve el-Ġurer, VIII, ed. Ulrich Haarman, Kahire 1971.
- Biran, M., Qaidu and the Rise of Independent Mongol State in Central Asia, Surrey 1997.
- Boyle, J. A., “Dynastic and Political History of the Ilk-Khāns”, The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge 1968, s. 303-421.
- Budge, E. A. Wallis, The Chronography of Gregory Abû’l Faraj, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Habraus; Being the First Part of His Political History of the World, London 1932.
- Halperin, Ch. J., “The Kipchak Connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, LXIII/2, (2000), s. 229-245.
- Ḥamd el-Allāh Müstevfī Ḳazwīnī, Tārīh-i Güzīde, ed. ‘Abd el-Ḥüseyin Nevā’ī, Tahran 1364.
- Jackson, P., “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire”, Central Asiatic Journal, 22, (1978), s. 186-244.
- Kanat, C., “İlhanlı Hükümdarı Teküdar’ın Müslümanlığı Kabulü ve Bunun Memlūk Devleti’ndeki Yankıları”, Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12, (2002), s. 233-247.
- [Kartlis Tskhovreba,] A History of Georgia, Kartlis Tskhovreba, ed. Commission for the Study of Georgian Historical Sources, Tbilisi 2014.
- May, T., The Mongol Conquests in World History, London 2012.
- Melville, Ch., “Pādishāh-i Islām: The Conversion of Sultān Mahmūd Ghāzān Khān”, Pembroke Papers, I, (1990), s. 159-177.
- Morgan, D., “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, XIX/4, (2009), s. 427-437.
- Pfeiffer, J., “Reflections on a ‘Double Rapprochement’: Conversion to Islam among the Mongol Elite during the Early Ilkhanate”, Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Linda Komaroff, Leiden 2006, s. 369-389.
- Reşīd el-Dīn Faḍl el-Allāh Hemedānī, Cāmi‘ el-Tevārīḫ-i Reşīd el-Dīn Faḍl el-Allāh Hemedānī, II, ed. Muḥammed Rūshan-Muṣṭafā Mūsavī, Tahran 1373.
- Rossabi, M., Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times, Berkeley 1988.
- Spuler, B., “Būqā”, Encyclopedia Iranica, IV, (1989), s. 551.
- [Step’annos Orbelean,] Step’annos Orbelean’s History of Sisakan, İng. trc. Robert Bedrosian, (İnternette Yayımlanan) New Jersey 2012.
- Uyar, Mustafa, “İlhanlı Hükümdarlarının İslâm’a Girmesinde Rol Alan Türk Sûfîleri: İlhan Tegüder ve Gazan Han Devirleri”, Belleten, LXXVI/275, (2012), s. 7-30.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Translators |
Erhan Ateş This is me |
| Publication Date | June 16, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 |