Research Article

The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa

Volume: 5 Number: 2 December 31, 2025
TR EN

The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This study examines the effect of the unemployment rate on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries during the period 1995–2025 using panel data and time series analysis methods. Dynamic panel (System-GMM), long-term (PMG-ARDL) and causality (Dumitrescu–Hurlin) analyses were evaluated together. The results indicate that the unemployment rate has a statistically significant and negative impact on growth in both the short and long term. This finding demonstrates that Okun's Law holds true in the Sub-Saharan African context. The analysis results reveal that the capacity of growth to create employment remains limited in the region's economies, with youth unemployment in particular having lasting negative effects on growth. While capital accumulation and human capital positively affect growth, inflation and exchange rate volatility weaken it. Consequently, in order to establish a stronger link between sustainable growth and employment, countries in the region need to adopt employment-friendly growth strategies and prioritise investments in human capital and production diversification.

Keywords

References

  1. African Development Bank. (2023). African Economic Outlook 2023: Mobilizing private sector financing for climate and green growth. Abidjan: AfDB.
  2. Akinlo, A. E. (2020). Unemployment and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data analysis. African Journal of Economic Policy, 27(1), 45–66.
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  5. Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143.
  6. Folawewo, A. O., & Adeboje, O. M. (2017). Macroeconomic determinants of unemployment: Empirical evidence from economic community of West African states. African Development Review, 29(2), 197–210.
  7. Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  8. ILO (International Labour Organization). (2023). ILOSTAT Database. https://ilostat.ilo.org

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Finance and Investment (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

October 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 5 Number: 2

APA
Polat, M. A. (2025). The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa. MTÜ Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 5(2), 328-339. https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ
AMA
1.Polat MA. The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa. MTÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;5(2):328-339. https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ
Chicago
Polat, Mehmet Ali. 2025. “The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa”. MTÜ Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 5 (2): 328-39. https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ.
EndNote
Polat MA (December 1, 2025) The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa. MTÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 5 2 328–339.
IEEE
[1]M. A. Polat, “The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa”, MTÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 328–339, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ
ISNAD
Polat, Mehmet Ali. “The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa”. MTÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 5/2 (December 1, 2025): 328-339. https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ.
JAMA
1.Polat MA. The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa. MTÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;5:328–339.
MLA
Polat, Mehmet Ali. “The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa”. MTÜ Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 328-39, https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Ali Polat. The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Sub-Saharan Africa. MTÜ Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;5(2):328-39. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA67FH53LJ