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KÜLTÜR SÜRECİ ve ENTELLEKTÜEL AKIM: DURKHEİM ve ATATÜRK

Year 2008, Volume: 5 Issue: 18, 167 - 188, 15.09.2008

Abstract

Değişen dünyada, başka yerlerde olduğu gibi Orta Doğu ve Yakın Doğu’da da milliyetçiliğin yerel biçimlerinin, kültürde ve kültür tarihinde kökenleri vardır. Bölgede, Arap ve Türk olmak üzere başlıca iki kültür alanı mevcuttur. Birbirlerinden temel örüntülerden ziyade büyük ölçüde dilde farklılaşan bu ikisi, bir zamanlar halifelik şemsiyesi altında gevşek bir şekilde birleşmişti. Fakat özellikle I. Dünya Savaşı sonrasındaki siyasî olaylar, onları gittikçe artan bir şekilde ayrılmaya götürmüştü. Ayrı Arap ulusları, İsrail’in kuruluşundan sonra iyice ateşlenen milliyetçi özlem ve amaçlarının kendi oynak türünü geliştirmek üzere, kendi ayrı yollarına gitmişti. Fakat Türkler, kendi toplumsal ve milliyetçi devrimlerini bir derece daha erken geçirmişti. Türkiye, İslam dünyasıyla tarihî bağlarına gittikçe artan bir kayıtsızlıkla, kendisini bütünüyle özerk bir ulus‐kültür olarak düşünmeye başlamıştı. Türklerin özgüven arayışını, bir tür özel temel sağlayan Kemal Atatürk beslemişti.

References

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  • ALLEN, HENRY E. (1935), The Turkish transformation, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
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  • BIRGE, JOHN KINGSLEY (1949), “A guide to Turkish Area Study”. American Council of Learned Societies, Committee on Near Eastern Studies. Washington.
  • CHAMBERLAIN, BASIL HALL (1905), Things Japanese. London, Kelly and Walsh.
  • C. H. P. (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi – People’s Party of the Republic). (1935) Proceedings, Fourth Congress. Ankara
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  • DENY, J. AND RENE MARCHAND (1933), Petit Manuel de la Turquie nouvelle. Pa‐ris, J. Haumont et Cie.
  • DUDA, HERBERT W. (1948), Vom Kalifat zur Republik. Vienna, Verlag für Jugend und Volk.
  • DURKHEIM, EMILE (1910) Les régles de la méthode sociologique (5th ed.). Paris, F. Alcan.
  • ________, (1912) Les formes élementaires de la vie religieuse. Paris, F. Alcan.
  • ________, (1924) Sociologie et philosophie. Paris, F. Alcan.
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  • HALİDE, EDİB MME (1930), Turkey faces West. New Haven, Yale University Press.
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  • ________, (1948) Islam und Nationalismus. Abhandlungen der deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Jahrgang 1945‐6, Nr. 5. Berlin.
  • HEYD, URIEL (1950), Foundations of Turkish nationalism: the life and teachings of Ziya Gökalp. London, Luzac and Co.
  • JASCHKE, GOTTHARD (1951), Islam in der neuen Türkei. Leiden, E. J. Brill.
  • KOHN, HANS (1936), Western civilization in the Near east. New York, Columbia University Press.
  • V. KARL, AUGUST (1937), Das Land Kamal Atatürks. Vienna, W. Braunmüller.
  • KROEBER, A. L. (1948) Antropology. New York, Harcourt Brace and Co.
  • LEWIS, G. L. (1955), Turkey (Nations of the Modern World). London, E. Benn, Ltd.
  • LOWIE, R. H. (1937), The history of ethnological theory. New York, Farrar and Rinehart.
  • MANNEHEIM, KARL (1952) Essays on the sociology of knowledge. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • ________, (1956), Essays on the sociology of culture. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • MITCHELL, M. M. (1931), Emile Durkheim and the philosophy of nationalism. Political Science Quarterly 46:87‐106.
  • ROSSI, ETTORE (1924), Uno scrittore turco contemporaneo. Oriente Moderno 4:574‐595.
  • ŞAPOLYO, ENVER BEHNAN (1943), Ziya Gökalp, ittihat ve terakki ve meşrutiyet tarihi. İstanbul.
  • STEWARD, JULIAN (1955), Theory of culture change. Urbana, University of Illinois Press.
  • THOMAS, LEWIS V. (1951), The national and international relations of Turkey. In Near Eastern culture and society, T. Cuyler Young, ed. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
  • TOYNBEE, ARNOLD J. AND KENNETH KIRKWOOD (1927), Turkey. New York, C. Scribner’s Sons.
  • TÜTENGİL, CAVİD ORHAN (1949), Ziya Gökalp Hakkında bir bibliyografya denemesi. İstanbul.
  • WEBSTER, DONALD EVERETT (1939) The Turkey of Atatürk. Philadelphia, American Academy of Political Social Science.
  • WHITE, LESLIE (1949) The science of culture. New York, Farrar Straus.
  • WHITE, WILBUR W.(1937), The process of change in the Otoman Empire. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Year 2008, Volume: 5 Issue: 18, 167 - 188, 15.09.2008

Abstract

References

  • ADNAN ADIVAR, ABDULLAH (1951), The interaction of Islamic and Western thought in Turkey. In Near Eastern culture and society, T. Cuyler Young, ed. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
  • ALLEN, HENRY E. (1935), The Turkish transformation, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • ARMSTRONG, H. C.(1932), Gray Wolf, the life of Mustafa Kemal. London, Minton, Balch and Co.
  • BABINGER, FRANZ (1953), Mehmed der Eroberer und seine Zeit. Munich, F. Bruckmann.
  • BIRGE, JOHN KINGSLEY (1949), “A guide to Turkish Area Study”. American Council of Learned Societies, Committee on Near Eastern Studies. Washington.
  • CHAMBERLAIN, BASIL HALL (1905), Things Japanese. London, Kelly and Walsh.
  • C. H. P. (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi – People’s Party of the Republic). (1935) Proceedings, Fourth Congress. Ankara
  • DENY, J. (1925), Ziya Goek Alp, Revue du Monde Musulman 61:1‐41.
  • DENY, J. AND RENE MARCHAND (1933), Petit Manuel de la Turquie nouvelle. Pa‐ris, J. Haumont et Cie.
  • DUDA, HERBERT W. (1948), Vom Kalifat zur Republik. Vienna, Verlag für Jugend und Volk.
  • DURKHEIM, EMILE (1910) Les régles de la méthode sociologique (5th ed.). Paris, F. Alcan.
  • ________, (1912) Les formes élementaires de la vie religieuse. Paris, F. Alcan.
  • ________, (1924) Sociologie et philosophie. Paris, F. Alcan.
  • FAHRİ, A. ZİYAEDDİN (1935), Ziya Gökalp, sa vie et sa sociologie (Essai sur l’influence de la sociologie française en Turquie). Paris, Berger‐Levrault.
  • HALİDE, EDİB MME (1930), Turkey faces West. New Haven, Yale University Press.
  • HARTMANN, RICHARD (1925), Ziya Gök Alp’s Grundlagen des turkischen Nationalismus. Orientalische Literatur‐zeitung 28:578‐610.
  • ________, (1948) Islam und Nationalismus. Abhandlungen der deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Jahrgang 1945‐6, Nr. 5. Berlin.
  • HEYD, URIEL (1950), Foundations of Turkish nationalism: the life and teachings of Ziya Gökalp. London, Luzac and Co.
  • JASCHKE, GOTTHARD (1951), Islam in der neuen Türkei. Leiden, E. J. Brill.
  • KOHN, HANS (1936), Western civilization in the Near east. New York, Columbia University Press.
  • V. KARL, AUGUST (1937), Das Land Kamal Atatürks. Vienna, W. Braunmüller.
  • KROEBER, A. L. (1948) Antropology. New York, Harcourt Brace and Co.
  • LEWIS, G. L. (1955), Turkey (Nations of the Modern World). London, E. Benn, Ltd.
  • LOWIE, R. H. (1937), The history of ethnological theory. New York, Farrar and Rinehart.
  • MANNEHEIM, KARL (1952) Essays on the sociology of knowledge. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • ________, (1956), Essays on the sociology of culture. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • MITCHELL, M. M. (1931), Emile Durkheim and the philosophy of nationalism. Political Science Quarterly 46:87‐106.
  • ROSSI, ETTORE (1924), Uno scrittore turco contemporaneo. Oriente Moderno 4:574‐595.
  • ŞAPOLYO, ENVER BEHNAN (1943), Ziya Gökalp, ittihat ve terakki ve meşrutiyet tarihi. İstanbul.
  • STEWARD, JULIAN (1955), Theory of culture change. Urbana, University of Illinois Press.
  • THOMAS, LEWIS V. (1951), The national and international relations of Turkey. In Near Eastern culture and society, T. Cuyler Young, ed. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
  • TOYNBEE, ARNOLD J. AND KENNETH KIRKWOOD (1927), Turkey. New York, C. Scribner’s Sons.
  • TÜTENGİL, CAVİD ORHAN (1949), Ziya Gökalp Hakkında bir bibliyografya denemesi. İstanbul.
  • WEBSTER, DONALD EVERETT (1939) The Turkey of Atatürk. Philadelphia, American Academy of Political Social Science.
  • WHITE, LESLIE (1949) The science of culture. New York, Farrar Straus.
  • WHITE, WILBUR W.(1937), The process of change in the Otoman Empire. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Robert F. Spencer This is me

Translators

Celalettin Güngör This is me

Publication Date September 15, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 5 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Spencer, R. F. (2008). KÜLTÜR SÜRECİ ve ENTELLEKTÜEL AKIM: DURKHEİM ve ATATÜRK (C. Güngör, Trans.). Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 5(18), 167-188.

Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi