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Son Osmanlı Düşüncesinde Adalet

Year 2008, Volume: 4 Issue: 15, 123 - 147, 15.12.2008

Abstract

Bütüncül bir dünyagörüşüne sahip geleneksel çağda adalet, günümüzdeki hukuk ile siyaset felsefesini birbirine bağlayan tabiî hukukun dayandığı ana değerdi. Bu bakımdan o, geleneksel olduğu kadar yeni Osmanlı aydınlarının siyasî düşüncesinin de ana temasını oluşturdu. Tanzimat denen modernleşme süreci, “adaletin küsufu” ile meşruiyet krizine yol açmıştı. Bu yüzden XIX. asır Osmanlı aydınları sürekli normatif anlamına atıfla adaletin çağdaş şartlarda en iyi nasıl tekrar hayata geçirilebileceğini araştırmaya koyuldular. Osmanlı aydınları, gerek meşruiyet krizine yol açan modernliği eleştirileri, gerekse de krize önerdikleri reçetelerinde adalet kavramını merkeze aldılar. Onların düşüncesinde adalet, “Batı medeniyetinin tasavvuru, Politik muhalefet, Modernlik ve modernleşmenin eleştirisi, Gelenek eleştirisi, Toplumsal reform, Toplumsal seferberlik” olmak üzere başlıca altı konu etrafında incelenebilirdi.

References

  • Abduh, Muhammed (1980) el-‘A’mâlü’l-Kâmile, I–III. Muhammed ‘Ammâra (yay.), Beyrût: el-Müessesetü’l-‘Arabiyye.
  • Ahmed Cevdet Paşa (1309) Târîh-i Cevdet, Tertib-i Cedid, I–XII. Dersaadet: Matbaa-i Osmaniye.
  • —— (1980) Ma’ruzât. Yusuf Halaçoğlu (yay.), İstanbul: Çağrı.
  • —— (1986) Tezâkir, I–IV. Cavid Baysun (yay.), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Ahmed Rıza (1988) [1922] The Moral Bankruptcy of Western Policy towards the East. Ziyad Ebuzziya (ed.)-Adair Mill (trs.), Ankara: Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
  • Aksan, Virginia H. (1993) “Ottoman Political Writing, 1768–1808,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 25/1 (February): 53–69.
  • Arendt, Hannah (1977) Between Past and Future. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Barkan, Leonard (1975) Nature's Work of Art: The Human Body as Image of the World. New Haven: Yale UP.
  • Barker, Ernest (1960) Greek Political Theory. London: Methuen.
  • Berkes, Niyazi (1985) Felsefe ve Toplumbilim Yazıları. İstanbul: Adam.
  • Burke, Edmund (1955) Reflections on the Revolution in France. Thomas H. D. Mahoney (ed.), New York: The Liberal Arts.
  • Bursevî, İsmail Hakkı (2004) Mesnevî Şerhi. İsmail Güleç (yay.), İstanbul: İnsan.
  • Campbell, Tom D. (2000) Justice. second ed. London: Palgrave.
  • Cook, Harold J. (1994) “Good Advice and Little Medicine: The Professional Authority of Early Modern English Physicians,” The Journal of British Studies 33/1 (January): 1–31.
  • —— (2002) “Body and Passions: Materialism and the Early Modern State,” Osiris, 2nd Series, Science and Civil Society, 17: 25–48.
  • Çetin, Atilla (1999) Tunuslu Hayreddin Paşa. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı.
  • Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang (1969) The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Social Control. New York: The Free Press.
  • —— (1970) Politics and Government: How People Decide Their Fate. Boston: Houghton–Mifflin.
  • el-Cürcânî, Seyyid Şerîf (2003) Kitâbü’t–Ta’rîfât. M. Abdurrahman el–Mar’aşlı (yay.), Beyrût: Dâru’n–Nefâis.
  • el-Müttakî, ‘Alâüddîn ‘Alî (2004) Kenzü’l-‘Ummâl fî Süneni’l-Akvâli ve’l-Ahvâl, I–XVIII. Beyrût: Dâru’l–Kütübi’l–‘Ilmiyyye.
  • Gelinas, Elmer T. (1970) “Ius and Lex in Thomas Aquinas,” American Journal of Jurisprudence 15 (Fall): 154–170.
  • Gencer, Bedri (2000) “Osmanlı Siyasi Felsefe ve Rejimi: Kuruluşun 700. Yıldönümü Münasebetiyle Bir İcmal,” Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2/4–5 (Şubat–Temmuz): 103–154.
  • —— (2004) “The Rise of Public Opinion in the Ottoman Empire (1839–1909),” New Perspectives on Turkey 30 (Spring): 115–154.
  • —— (2005) “XIX. Asır İslam Dünyasında Hürriyet Telakkisi,” Liberal Düşünce 40 (Sonbahar): 171–190.
  • —— (2006) “Gelenekselciliğin Pınarları: Edmund Burke ve Ahmet Cevdet,” Muhafazakâr Düşünce 2/7 (Kış): 153–188.
  • Gökalp, Ziya (1973) Terbiyenin Sosyal ve Kültürel Temelleri. İstanbul: MEB.
  • Harris, Marjorie S. (1930) “Beauty and the Good,” The Philosophical Review 39/5 (September): 479–490.
  • Hourani, Albert H. (1993) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Itzkowitz, Norman (1980) Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • İbn-i Haldun (t.y.) Mukaddimetü İbni Haldun. Ahmed ez-Za’bî (ed.), Beyrût: Dâru Erkâm.
  • İnalcık, Halil (1964) “The Nature of Traditional Society: Turkey,” Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey, R. E. Ward-Dankwart Rustow (eds.), 42–63, Princeton: Princeton UP.
  • —— (1997) The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600. London: Phoenix.
  • Kaplan, Mehmet v.d. (yay.) (1974–1979) Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Antolojisi, I–III. İstanbul: İ. Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi.
  • Karpat, Kemal (1971) “Siyasî İlimler Araştırmaları,” Türkiye’de Sosyal Araştırmaların Gelişmesi, Nusret Fişek (yay.), 57–71, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (2000) “Hallmarks of Humanism: Hygiene and Love of Homeland in Qajar Iran,” The American Historical Review 105/4 (October): 1171–1203.
  • Kâtib Çelebi (1994) Keşfu’z-Zunûn ‘an Esâmiyi’l-Kütübi ve’l-Fünûn, I–VI. M. Şerafeddin Yaltkaya (yay.), Beyrût: Dâru’l-Fikr.
  • Keddie, Nikki R. (1959) “Western Rule versus Western Values: Suggestions for Comparative Study of Asian Intellectual History,” Diogenes 7/6: 71–96.
  • —— (1972) Sayyid Jamal Al–Din “Al–Afghani”: A Political Biography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kelly, George Armstrong (1986) ”Mortal Man, Immortal Society?: Political Metaphors in Eighteenth-Century France,” Political Theory 14/1 (February): 5–29.
  • Khadduri, Majid (2002) The Islamic Conception of Justice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.
  • Kınalı–zâde Ali Çelebi (2007) Ahlâk–ı ‘Alâî. Mustafa Koç (yay.). İstanbul: Kaynak.
  • Koçi Bey (1985) Koçi Bey Risalesi. Zuhuri Danışman (yay.), Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı.
  • Kolm, Serge-Christophe (1996) Modern Theories of Justice. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Lambton, Ann K. S. (1956) “Quis Custodiet Custodes: Some Reflections on the Persian Theory of Government: I,” Studia Islamica 5: 125–148.
  • —— (1956) “Quis Custodiet Custodes? Some Reflections on the Persian Theory of Government (Conclusion),” Studia Islamica 6: 125–146.
  • —— (1962) “Justice in the Medieval Persian Theory of Kingship,” Studia Islamica 17: 91–119.
  • —— (1988) “Changing Concepts of Justice and Injustice from the 5th/11th Century to the 8th/14th Century in Persia: The Saljuq Empire and the Ilkhanate,” Studia Islamica 68: 27–60.
  • Lewis, Bernard (1962) “Ottoman Observers of Ottoman Decline,” Islamic Studies 1/1: 71–87.
  • Mahdi, Muhsin S. (2001) Alfarabi and the Foundation of Islamic Political Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Mardin, Şerif (1996) Yeni Osmanlı Düşüncesinin Doğuşu. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Marlow, Louise (2002) Hierarchy and Egalitaranism in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Merquior, Jose G. (1980) Rousseau and Weber: Two Studies in the Theory of Legitimacy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Miller, David (1999) Principles of Social Justice. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
  • Mzali, Muhammed Salah–Pignon, Jean (yay.) (1997) Tunuslu Hayreddin Paşanın Hatıraları. (trc.) Belma Aksun. İstanbul: Nehir.
  • Namık Kemal (1327) Makâlât-ı Siyâsiyye ve Edebiyye. İstanbul.
  • —— (2005) Osmanlı Modernleşmesinin Meseleleri. Bütün Makaleleri 1. Nergiz Yılmaz Aydoğdu-İsmail Kara (yay.), İstanbul: Dergâh.
  • Nekerî, Kadı Ahmed (2000) Düstûru’l-‘Ulemâ ev Câmi’u’l-‘Ulûm fî Mustalâhâti’l-Fünûn, I–IV. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-‘Ilmiyye.
  • Neumann, Christoph K. (1999) Araç Tarih Amaç Tanzimat: Tarih-i Cevdet’in Siyasi Anlamı. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı.
  • O’Sullivan, Noël (1976) Conservatism. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.
  • Okay, Orhan (1989) Batı Medeniyeti Karşısında Ahmed Midhat Efendi. İstanbul: MEB.
  • Ormsby, Eric L. (1984) Theodicy in Islamic Thought: The. Dispute over Al–Ghazali's “Best of All Possible Worlds”. Princeton: Princeton UP.
  • Ögel, Bahaeddin (1982) Türklerde Devlet Anlayışı. Ankara.
  • Patterson, Orlando (1991) Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. New York: Basic Books.
  • Pollock, Frederick (1901) “The History of Law of Nature: A Preliminary Study,” Columbia Law Review 1/1 (January): 11–32.
  • Rahme, Joseph G. “Namik Kemal's Constitutional Ottomanism and Non–Muslims,” Islam and Muslim-Christian Relations 10/1 (March):23–39.
  • Rawson, Glenn (2006) “Platonic Recollection and Mental Pregnancy,” Journal of the History of Philosophy 44/2: 137–155.
  • Rosenthal, Franz (1960) The Muslim Concept of Freedom Prior to the Nineteenth Century. Leiden: Brill.
  • Salvatore, Armando (2005) “The Euro-Islamic Roots of Secularity: A Difficult Equation,” Asian Journal of Social Science 33/3 (September): 412–437.
  • Schwartz, Louis B. (1987) “Justice, Expediency, and Beauty,” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 136/1 (November): 141–182.
  • Smith Jr., Edward O. (1976) “Crown and Commonwealth: A Study in the Official Elizabethan Doctrine of the Prince,” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, 66/8: 1–51.
  • Smith, Jeffrey A. (2006) “Nature, Nation-building, and the Seasons of Justice in Rousseau’s Political Thought,” The Review of Politics 68/1 (Winter): 20–48
  • Soll, Jacob (2002) “Healing the Body Politic: French Royal Doctors, History, and the Birth of a Nation 1560–1634,” Renaissance Quarterly 55/4 (Winter): 1259–1286.
  • Sözen, Kemal (1998) Ahmet Cevdet Paşa’nın Felsefî Düşüncesi. İstanbul: MÜ İFAV.
  • Stanlis, Peter James (2003) Edmund Burke and the Natural Law. New Brunswick: Transaction.
  • Sungu, İhsan (1940) “Tanzimat ve Yeni Osmanlılar,” Tanzimat I, 777–857, İstanbul: Maarif Vekâleti.
  • Suzuki, Tadaşi (1987) “Osmanlılarda Organik Bir Yapı Olarak Toplum Görüşünün Gelişmesi: Osmanlı Sosyal Düşünce Tarihinin Bir Yönü,” ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi 16/4: 373–96.
  • Şinasî, İbrahim (2005) Bütün Eserleri. İsmail Parlatır-Nurullah Çetin (yay.). Ankara: Ekin.
  • Tansel, Fevziye Abdullah (1967–1986) Namık Kemal’in Mektupları, I–IV. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Tunuslu, Hayreddin (1986) [1868] Akvemü’l–Mesâlik fi Ma’rifeti Ahvâli’lMemâlik. Munsıf İşnûfî (yay.) Tunus: ed-Dâru’t-Tunûsiyye.
  • Ülgener, Sabri Fehmi (1947) “Ahmed Cevdet Paşanın Devlete ve İktisada Dair Düşünceleri,” İş 13/12 (76): 5–16.
Year 2008, Volume: 4 Issue: 15, 123 - 147, 15.12.2008

Abstract

References

  • Abduh, Muhammed (1980) el-‘A’mâlü’l-Kâmile, I–III. Muhammed ‘Ammâra (yay.), Beyrût: el-Müessesetü’l-‘Arabiyye.
  • Ahmed Cevdet Paşa (1309) Târîh-i Cevdet, Tertib-i Cedid, I–XII. Dersaadet: Matbaa-i Osmaniye.
  • —— (1980) Ma’ruzât. Yusuf Halaçoğlu (yay.), İstanbul: Çağrı.
  • —— (1986) Tezâkir, I–IV. Cavid Baysun (yay.), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Ahmed Rıza (1988) [1922] The Moral Bankruptcy of Western Policy towards the East. Ziyad Ebuzziya (ed.)-Adair Mill (trs.), Ankara: Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
  • Aksan, Virginia H. (1993) “Ottoman Political Writing, 1768–1808,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 25/1 (February): 53–69.
  • Arendt, Hannah (1977) Between Past and Future. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Barkan, Leonard (1975) Nature's Work of Art: The Human Body as Image of the World. New Haven: Yale UP.
  • Barker, Ernest (1960) Greek Political Theory. London: Methuen.
  • Berkes, Niyazi (1985) Felsefe ve Toplumbilim Yazıları. İstanbul: Adam.
  • Burke, Edmund (1955) Reflections on the Revolution in France. Thomas H. D. Mahoney (ed.), New York: The Liberal Arts.
  • Bursevî, İsmail Hakkı (2004) Mesnevî Şerhi. İsmail Güleç (yay.), İstanbul: İnsan.
  • Campbell, Tom D. (2000) Justice. second ed. London: Palgrave.
  • Cook, Harold J. (1994) “Good Advice and Little Medicine: The Professional Authority of Early Modern English Physicians,” The Journal of British Studies 33/1 (January): 1–31.
  • —— (2002) “Body and Passions: Materialism and the Early Modern State,” Osiris, 2nd Series, Science and Civil Society, 17: 25–48.
  • Çetin, Atilla (1999) Tunuslu Hayreddin Paşa. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı.
  • Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang (1969) The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Social Control. New York: The Free Press.
  • —— (1970) Politics and Government: How People Decide Their Fate. Boston: Houghton–Mifflin.
  • el-Cürcânî, Seyyid Şerîf (2003) Kitâbü’t–Ta’rîfât. M. Abdurrahman el–Mar’aşlı (yay.), Beyrût: Dâru’n–Nefâis.
  • el-Müttakî, ‘Alâüddîn ‘Alî (2004) Kenzü’l-‘Ummâl fî Süneni’l-Akvâli ve’l-Ahvâl, I–XVIII. Beyrût: Dâru’l–Kütübi’l–‘Ilmiyyye.
  • Gelinas, Elmer T. (1970) “Ius and Lex in Thomas Aquinas,” American Journal of Jurisprudence 15 (Fall): 154–170.
  • Gencer, Bedri (2000) “Osmanlı Siyasi Felsefe ve Rejimi: Kuruluşun 700. Yıldönümü Münasebetiyle Bir İcmal,” Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2/4–5 (Şubat–Temmuz): 103–154.
  • —— (2004) “The Rise of Public Opinion in the Ottoman Empire (1839–1909),” New Perspectives on Turkey 30 (Spring): 115–154.
  • —— (2005) “XIX. Asır İslam Dünyasında Hürriyet Telakkisi,” Liberal Düşünce 40 (Sonbahar): 171–190.
  • —— (2006) “Gelenekselciliğin Pınarları: Edmund Burke ve Ahmet Cevdet,” Muhafazakâr Düşünce 2/7 (Kış): 153–188.
  • Gökalp, Ziya (1973) Terbiyenin Sosyal ve Kültürel Temelleri. İstanbul: MEB.
  • Harris, Marjorie S. (1930) “Beauty and the Good,” The Philosophical Review 39/5 (September): 479–490.
  • Hourani, Albert H. (1993) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Itzkowitz, Norman (1980) Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • İbn-i Haldun (t.y.) Mukaddimetü İbni Haldun. Ahmed ez-Za’bî (ed.), Beyrût: Dâru Erkâm.
  • İnalcık, Halil (1964) “The Nature of Traditional Society: Turkey,” Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey, R. E. Ward-Dankwart Rustow (eds.), 42–63, Princeton: Princeton UP.
  • —— (1997) The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600. London: Phoenix.
  • Kaplan, Mehmet v.d. (yay.) (1974–1979) Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Antolojisi, I–III. İstanbul: İ. Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi.
  • Karpat, Kemal (1971) “Siyasî İlimler Araştırmaları,” Türkiye’de Sosyal Araştırmaların Gelişmesi, Nusret Fişek (yay.), 57–71, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (2000) “Hallmarks of Humanism: Hygiene and Love of Homeland in Qajar Iran,” The American Historical Review 105/4 (October): 1171–1203.
  • Kâtib Çelebi (1994) Keşfu’z-Zunûn ‘an Esâmiyi’l-Kütübi ve’l-Fünûn, I–VI. M. Şerafeddin Yaltkaya (yay.), Beyrût: Dâru’l-Fikr.
  • Keddie, Nikki R. (1959) “Western Rule versus Western Values: Suggestions for Comparative Study of Asian Intellectual History,” Diogenes 7/6: 71–96.
  • —— (1972) Sayyid Jamal Al–Din “Al–Afghani”: A Political Biography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kelly, George Armstrong (1986) ”Mortal Man, Immortal Society?: Political Metaphors in Eighteenth-Century France,” Political Theory 14/1 (February): 5–29.
  • Khadduri, Majid (2002) The Islamic Conception of Justice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.
  • Kınalı–zâde Ali Çelebi (2007) Ahlâk–ı ‘Alâî. Mustafa Koç (yay.). İstanbul: Kaynak.
  • Koçi Bey (1985) Koçi Bey Risalesi. Zuhuri Danışman (yay.), Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı.
  • Kolm, Serge-Christophe (1996) Modern Theories of Justice. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Lambton, Ann K. S. (1956) “Quis Custodiet Custodes: Some Reflections on the Persian Theory of Government: I,” Studia Islamica 5: 125–148.
  • —— (1956) “Quis Custodiet Custodes? Some Reflections on the Persian Theory of Government (Conclusion),” Studia Islamica 6: 125–146.
  • —— (1962) “Justice in the Medieval Persian Theory of Kingship,” Studia Islamica 17: 91–119.
  • —— (1988) “Changing Concepts of Justice and Injustice from the 5th/11th Century to the 8th/14th Century in Persia: The Saljuq Empire and the Ilkhanate,” Studia Islamica 68: 27–60.
  • Lewis, Bernard (1962) “Ottoman Observers of Ottoman Decline,” Islamic Studies 1/1: 71–87.
  • Mahdi, Muhsin S. (2001) Alfarabi and the Foundation of Islamic Political Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Mardin, Şerif (1996) Yeni Osmanlı Düşüncesinin Doğuşu. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Marlow, Louise (2002) Hierarchy and Egalitaranism in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Merquior, Jose G. (1980) Rousseau and Weber: Two Studies in the Theory of Legitimacy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Miller, David (1999) Principles of Social Justice. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
  • Mzali, Muhammed Salah–Pignon, Jean (yay.) (1997) Tunuslu Hayreddin Paşanın Hatıraları. (trc.) Belma Aksun. İstanbul: Nehir.
  • Namık Kemal (1327) Makâlât-ı Siyâsiyye ve Edebiyye. İstanbul.
  • —— (2005) Osmanlı Modernleşmesinin Meseleleri. Bütün Makaleleri 1. Nergiz Yılmaz Aydoğdu-İsmail Kara (yay.), İstanbul: Dergâh.
  • Nekerî, Kadı Ahmed (2000) Düstûru’l-‘Ulemâ ev Câmi’u’l-‘Ulûm fî Mustalâhâti’l-Fünûn, I–IV. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-‘Ilmiyye.
  • Neumann, Christoph K. (1999) Araç Tarih Amaç Tanzimat: Tarih-i Cevdet’in Siyasi Anlamı. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı.
  • O’Sullivan, Noël (1976) Conservatism. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.
  • Okay, Orhan (1989) Batı Medeniyeti Karşısında Ahmed Midhat Efendi. İstanbul: MEB.
  • Ormsby, Eric L. (1984) Theodicy in Islamic Thought: The. Dispute over Al–Ghazali's “Best of All Possible Worlds”. Princeton: Princeton UP.
  • Ögel, Bahaeddin (1982) Türklerde Devlet Anlayışı. Ankara.
  • Patterson, Orlando (1991) Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. New York: Basic Books.
  • Pollock, Frederick (1901) “The History of Law of Nature: A Preliminary Study,” Columbia Law Review 1/1 (January): 11–32.
  • Rahme, Joseph G. “Namik Kemal's Constitutional Ottomanism and Non–Muslims,” Islam and Muslim-Christian Relations 10/1 (March):23–39.
  • Rawson, Glenn (2006) “Platonic Recollection and Mental Pregnancy,” Journal of the History of Philosophy 44/2: 137–155.
  • Rosenthal, Franz (1960) The Muslim Concept of Freedom Prior to the Nineteenth Century. Leiden: Brill.
  • Salvatore, Armando (2005) “The Euro-Islamic Roots of Secularity: A Difficult Equation,” Asian Journal of Social Science 33/3 (September): 412–437.
  • Schwartz, Louis B. (1987) “Justice, Expediency, and Beauty,” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 136/1 (November): 141–182.
  • Smith Jr., Edward O. (1976) “Crown and Commonwealth: A Study in the Official Elizabethan Doctrine of the Prince,” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, 66/8: 1–51.
  • Smith, Jeffrey A. (2006) “Nature, Nation-building, and the Seasons of Justice in Rousseau’s Political Thought,” The Review of Politics 68/1 (Winter): 20–48
  • Soll, Jacob (2002) “Healing the Body Politic: French Royal Doctors, History, and the Birth of a Nation 1560–1634,” Renaissance Quarterly 55/4 (Winter): 1259–1286.
  • Sözen, Kemal (1998) Ahmet Cevdet Paşa’nın Felsefî Düşüncesi. İstanbul: MÜ İFAV.
  • Stanlis, Peter James (2003) Edmund Burke and the Natural Law. New Brunswick: Transaction.
  • Sungu, İhsan (1940) “Tanzimat ve Yeni Osmanlılar,” Tanzimat I, 777–857, İstanbul: Maarif Vekâleti.
  • Suzuki, Tadaşi (1987) “Osmanlılarda Organik Bir Yapı Olarak Toplum Görüşünün Gelişmesi: Osmanlı Sosyal Düşünce Tarihinin Bir Yönü,” ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi 16/4: 373–96.
  • Şinasî, İbrahim (2005) Bütün Eserleri. İsmail Parlatır-Nurullah Çetin (yay.). Ankara: Ekin.
  • Tansel, Fevziye Abdullah (1967–1986) Namık Kemal’in Mektupları, I–IV. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Tunuslu, Hayreddin (1986) [1868] Akvemü’l–Mesâlik fi Ma’rifeti Ahvâli’lMemâlik. Munsıf İşnûfî (yay.) Tunus: ed-Dâru’t-Tunûsiyye.
  • Ülgener, Sabri Fehmi (1947) “Ahmed Cevdet Paşanın Devlete ve İktisada Dair Düşünceleri,” İş 13/12 (76): 5–16.
There are 80 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Bedri Gencer This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 4 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Gencer, B. (2008). Son Osmanlı Düşüncesinde Adalet. Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 4(15), 123-147.

Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi