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Dinî Bir Zümreden Politik Bir Nesneye: Akamenidlerden Sasanilere Kapadokya Zerdüştîleri

Year 2022, , 408 - 433, 28.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.1145614

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Akhamenid/Pers imparatorluğunun Anadolu’ya gelişine paralel olarak kaynaklarda mevuzbahis edilen ve dini inancı Zerdüşti olup Kapadokya muhitinde yaşayan büyük bir zümrenin varlığını konu almaktadır. Bu zümre, Akhamenid döneminde özellikle Küçük Asya’da zamanla Pers yayılmacılığı ve kraliyet ideolojisi propagandasının ana dayanaklarından biri haline gelmişti. Sasani döneminde, imparatorluğun inkırazına kadar bu bölgedeki Zerdüşti ahali Persler tarafından dini ideolojinin belirgin bir parçası olarak yalnızca birkaç kez hatırlandılar. Buna binaen bu makale, Sasani imparatorluğunun Kapadokya bölgesine olan ilgisinin temelinde bu bölgedeki İrani/Zerdüşti grubun dini ve politik rolünün ne olduğunu anlamaya ve bu zümrenin tarihsel serüvenine odaklanmaktadır.

References

  • Antik Kaynaklar Agathias, Joseph D. Frendo (1975) (translated with an introduction and short explanatory notes), The Histories, Berlin.
  • Behistun Kitabesi, H.C. Tolman (1908). Ancient Persian Lexicon and the Texts of the Achaemenidan Inscriptions, Nashville.
  • Bundahišn, B. T. Anklesaria (1956). (ed. and trans.), Zand-Akāsīh, Iranian or Greater Bundahishn. Bombay.
  • Herodianus, C. R. Whittaker (1969–70). (ed. and trans.), History, Harvard University Press (Dodgeon, M. H.- S. N. C. Lieu, 2005, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226-363), London-New York, eserinden seçilmiş pasajlar).
  • Kerdir Yazıtları, Gignoux, Ph. (1991). Les Quatre Inscriptions du Mage Kirdīr: Textes et Concordances, Union académique internationale: Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes.
  • John Malalas, E. Jeffreys-M. Jeffres-R. Scott (1986). 1The Chronicle of John Malalas, trans., Melbourne.
  • John of Ephesus, R. P. Smith (1860). (trans.), Ecclesiastical History, Oxford.
  • Ka’be-i Zerdüşt Yazıtı, Ph. Huyse (1999). Die dreisprachige Inschrift Šābuhrs I. an der Ka‘ba-i Zardušt (ŠKZ), Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum 3.1. (ed. and trans), London 1999.
  • Oracula Sibyllina, Milton S. Terry (1899). (translated from the Greek Into English Blank Verse), Hunt and Eaton.
  • Pausanias, W. H. S. Jones-H. A. Ormerod- R. E. Wycherley (1961). Pausanias Description of Greece, London-New York.
  • Priscus, Fragments, R. C. Blockley (1983). The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire (Text, Translation, and Historiographical Notes), Vol. II, Liverpool.
  • Sebeos, R. W. Thomson (1999). (trans.), The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos, Liverpool.
  • Strabon, H. C. Hamilton (1903). (trans.), Geography of Strabo (Vol II. ), London.
  • V. Theodore of Sykeon, The Life of Theodore of Sykeon (Greatrex, G.-Samuel N. C. Lieu, 2005, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II), London and New York, eserinden seçilmiş pasajlar).
  • Zonaras, Th. M. Banchic-E. N. Lane (2009). (trans.), The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius, London and New York.
  • Modern Kaynaklar Alram, M.-M. Blet Lemarquand-P. O. Skjaervo (2007). “Shapur, king of kings of Iranians and non-Iranians”, Res Orientales XVII, Des Indo-Grecs aux Sassanides: données pour l'histoire et la géographie historique, 17: 11-40.
  • Boyce, M. (1979). Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practises, Routledge-Kegan Paul, London-Boston-Henley.
  • Boyce, M. (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. II, Brill, Leiden-Köln.
  • Boyce, M. (1991). Textual Sources For the Study of Zoroastrianism, The University of Chicago Press.
  • Boyce, M.-F. Grenet, (1991). A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol III, Brill.
  • Briant, P. (2002). From Cyros to alexander: A history of the Persian Empire, P. D. Daniels-Winona Lake (Trans.), Indiana Eisenbrauns.
  • Briant, P. (2017). Kings, Countries, Peoples, Amélie Kuhrt (trans.), Frantz Steiner Verlag.
  • Cassia, M. (2019). “Between Paganism and Judaism: Early Christianity in Cappadocia”, S. Mitchell-Ph. Pilhofe (eds.), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, Brill, Leiden-Boston: 13-48.
  • Charanis, P. (1961). “The transfer of Population as a Policy in the Byzantine Empire”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 3(2): 140-154.
  • Cooper, E. J.-M. J. Decker (2012). Life and society in Byzantine Cappadocia, Springer.
  • Crone, P. (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism, Cambridge.
  • Dignas, B.-E. Winter (2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rival, Cambridge.
  • Dusinberre, E. R. M. (2013). Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Foss, C. (2003). “The Persians in the Roman near East (602-630 AD)”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3. Series, Vol. 13, No. 2: 149-170.
  • Foss, C. (1976). Byzantine and Turkish Sardis, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts-Cambridge 1976.
  • Frye, R. N. (1962). The Heritage of Persia, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
  • Günaltay, Ş. (19872). Yakın Şark IV, I. Bölüm: Perslerden romalılara kadar Selevkoslar Nebatiler Galatlar Bitinya ve Bergama Krallıkları, T.T.K. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Jamzadeh, P. (2012). Alexander Histories and Iranian Reflections: Remnants of Propaganda and Resistance, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
  • Kaldellis, A. (2019). Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium, Harvard University Press.
  • Kettenhoffen, E. (1994). “Einige Überlegungen Zur Sasanidischen Politik Gegenüber Rom im 3. Jh.n. Chr.”, E. Dąbrowa (ed.), The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East, Kraków: 99-108.
  • Lerouge-Cohen, Ch. (2017). “Persianism in the Kingdom of Pontic Kappadokia. The Genealogical Claims of the Mithridatids”, R.
  • Strootman-M. J. Versluys (eds.), Persianism in Antiquity, Franz Steiner Verlag: 223-234.
  • Manteghi, H. (2012). “Alexander the Great in the Shāhnāmeh of Ferdowsī”, R. Stoneman-K. Erickson-I. Netton (eds.), Alexander Romance in Persia and the East, Groningen: 161-174.
  • Mitchell, S. (2007). “Iranian Names and the Presence of Persians in the Religious Sanctuaries of Asia Minor”, E. Matthews (ed.), Old and New Worlds in Greek Onomastic (Proceedings-British Academy, Vol. 1, No. 148, Oxford University Press: 151-172.
  • Muhammedoğlu, S. A., “Hürremiyye”, DİA, 18: 500-501.
  • Payne, R. E. (2016). “Iranian Cosmopolitanism: World Religions at the Sasanian Court”, M. Lavan-R. E. Payne-J. Weisweiler (eds.), Cosmopolitanism and Empire: Universal Rulers, Local Elites, and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 209-230.
  • Rojas, F. (2019). The Past of Roman Anatolia: Interpretes, Traces, Horizons, Cambridge University Press.
  • Shahbazi, A. Sh. (2001). “Early Sasanians’ Claim to Achaemenid Heritage”, Journal of Ancient Persian History, 1.1: 61-73.
  • Summerer, L. (2007). “Picturing Persian Victory: The Painted Battle Scene on the Munich Wood,” A. Ivantchik-V. Licheli (eds.), Achaemenid Culture and Local Traditions in Anatolia, Southern Caucasus and Iran, Brill, Leiden-Boston: 3-30.
  • Treadgold, W. (1988). The Byzantine Revival (780-842), Stanford, California.
  • Van Dam, R. (2003). Becoming Christian: the Conversion of Roman Cappadocia, Philadelphia.
  • Yarshater, E. (1983). “Mazdakism,” E. Yarshater (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran, III/2, Cambridge: 991-1025.
  • Yarshater, E. (1971). “Were the Sasanians heirs to the Achaemenids?”, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome: 517-530.
  • Yücel, M. (2020). “I. Hüsrev’in Hükümdarlığı ve Bir Kurgu Olarak “Anušag-Ruwān Adaleti”nin İcadı”, CEDRUS 8: 593-612.
  • Wiesehöfer, J. (1982). “Die Anfänge Sassanidischer Westpolitik und der Untergang Hatras”, Klio, 64(2): 437-447.
  • Wiesehöfer, J. (2007). “From Achaemenid Imperial Order to Sasanian Diplomacy: War, Peace, and Reconciliation in pre-Islamic Iran”, K. A. Raaflub (ed.), War and Peace in the Ancient World, Blackwell Publishing: 121-140.
Year 2022, , 408 - 433, 28.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.1145614

Abstract

References

  • Antik Kaynaklar Agathias, Joseph D. Frendo (1975) (translated with an introduction and short explanatory notes), The Histories, Berlin.
  • Behistun Kitabesi, H.C. Tolman (1908). Ancient Persian Lexicon and the Texts of the Achaemenidan Inscriptions, Nashville.
  • Bundahišn, B. T. Anklesaria (1956). (ed. and trans.), Zand-Akāsīh, Iranian or Greater Bundahishn. Bombay.
  • Herodianus, C. R. Whittaker (1969–70). (ed. and trans.), History, Harvard University Press (Dodgeon, M. H.- S. N. C. Lieu, 2005, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226-363), London-New York, eserinden seçilmiş pasajlar).
  • Kerdir Yazıtları, Gignoux, Ph. (1991). Les Quatre Inscriptions du Mage Kirdīr: Textes et Concordances, Union académique internationale: Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes.
  • John Malalas, E. Jeffreys-M. Jeffres-R. Scott (1986). 1The Chronicle of John Malalas, trans., Melbourne.
  • John of Ephesus, R. P. Smith (1860). (trans.), Ecclesiastical History, Oxford.
  • Ka’be-i Zerdüşt Yazıtı, Ph. Huyse (1999). Die dreisprachige Inschrift Šābuhrs I. an der Ka‘ba-i Zardušt (ŠKZ), Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum 3.1. (ed. and trans), London 1999.
  • Oracula Sibyllina, Milton S. Terry (1899). (translated from the Greek Into English Blank Verse), Hunt and Eaton.
  • Pausanias, W. H. S. Jones-H. A. Ormerod- R. E. Wycherley (1961). Pausanias Description of Greece, London-New York.
  • Priscus, Fragments, R. C. Blockley (1983). The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire (Text, Translation, and Historiographical Notes), Vol. II, Liverpool.
  • Sebeos, R. W. Thomson (1999). (trans.), The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos, Liverpool.
  • Strabon, H. C. Hamilton (1903). (trans.), Geography of Strabo (Vol II. ), London.
  • V. Theodore of Sykeon, The Life of Theodore of Sykeon (Greatrex, G.-Samuel N. C. Lieu, 2005, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II), London and New York, eserinden seçilmiş pasajlar).
  • Zonaras, Th. M. Banchic-E. N. Lane (2009). (trans.), The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius, London and New York.
  • Modern Kaynaklar Alram, M.-M. Blet Lemarquand-P. O. Skjaervo (2007). “Shapur, king of kings of Iranians and non-Iranians”, Res Orientales XVII, Des Indo-Grecs aux Sassanides: données pour l'histoire et la géographie historique, 17: 11-40.
  • Boyce, M. (1979). Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practises, Routledge-Kegan Paul, London-Boston-Henley.
  • Boyce, M. (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. II, Brill, Leiden-Köln.
  • Boyce, M. (1991). Textual Sources For the Study of Zoroastrianism, The University of Chicago Press.
  • Boyce, M.-F. Grenet, (1991). A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol III, Brill.
  • Briant, P. (2002). From Cyros to alexander: A history of the Persian Empire, P. D. Daniels-Winona Lake (Trans.), Indiana Eisenbrauns.
  • Briant, P. (2017). Kings, Countries, Peoples, Amélie Kuhrt (trans.), Frantz Steiner Verlag.
  • Cassia, M. (2019). “Between Paganism and Judaism: Early Christianity in Cappadocia”, S. Mitchell-Ph. Pilhofe (eds.), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, Brill, Leiden-Boston: 13-48.
  • Charanis, P. (1961). “The transfer of Population as a Policy in the Byzantine Empire”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 3(2): 140-154.
  • Cooper, E. J.-M. J. Decker (2012). Life and society in Byzantine Cappadocia, Springer.
  • Crone, P. (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism, Cambridge.
  • Dignas, B.-E. Winter (2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rival, Cambridge.
  • Dusinberre, E. R. M. (2013). Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Foss, C. (2003). “The Persians in the Roman near East (602-630 AD)”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3. Series, Vol. 13, No. 2: 149-170.
  • Foss, C. (1976). Byzantine and Turkish Sardis, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts-Cambridge 1976.
  • Frye, R. N. (1962). The Heritage of Persia, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
  • Günaltay, Ş. (19872). Yakın Şark IV, I. Bölüm: Perslerden romalılara kadar Selevkoslar Nebatiler Galatlar Bitinya ve Bergama Krallıkları, T.T.K. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Jamzadeh, P. (2012). Alexander Histories and Iranian Reflections: Remnants of Propaganda and Resistance, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
  • Kaldellis, A. (2019). Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium, Harvard University Press.
  • Kettenhoffen, E. (1994). “Einige Überlegungen Zur Sasanidischen Politik Gegenüber Rom im 3. Jh.n. Chr.”, E. Dąbrowa (ed.), The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East, Kraków: 99-108.
  • Lerouge-Cohen, Ch. (2017). “Persianism in the Kingdom of Pontic Kappadokia. The Genealogical Claims of the Mithridatids”, R.
  • Strootman-M. J. Versluys (eds.), Persianism in Antiquity, Franz Steiner Verlag: 223-234.
  • Manteghi, H. (2012). “Alexander the Great in the Shāhnāmeh of Ferdowsī”, R. Stoneman-K. Erickson-I. Netton (eds.), Alexander Romance in Persia and the East, Groningen: 161-174.
  • Mitchell, S. (2007). “Iranian Names and the Presence of Persians in the Religious Sanctuaries of Asia Minor”, E. Matthews (ed.), Old and New Worlds in Greek Onomastic (Proceedings-British Academy, Vol. 1, No. 148, Oxford University Press: 151-172.
  • Muhammedoğlu, S. A., “Hürremiyye”, DİA, 18: 500-501.
  • Payne, R. E. (2016). “Iranian Cosmopolitanism: World Religions at the Sasanian Court”, M. Lavan-R. E. Payne-J. Weisweiler (eds.), Cosmopolitanism and Empire: Universal Rulers, Local Elites, and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 209-230.
  • Rojas, F. (2019). The Past of Roman Anatolia: Interpretes, Traces, Horizons, Cambridge University Press.
  • Shahbazi, A. Sh. (2001). “Early Sasanians’ Claim to Achaemenid Heritage”, Journal of Ancient Persian History, 1.1: 61-73.
  • Summerer, L. (2007). “Picturing Persian Victory: The Painted Battle Scene on the Munich Wood,” A. Ivantchik-V. Licheli (eds.), Achaemenid Culture and Local Traditions in Anatolia, Southern Caucasus and Iran, Brill, Leiden-Boston: 3-30.
  • Treadgold, W. (1988). The Byzantine Revival (780-842), Stanford, California.
  • Van Dam, R. (2003). Becoming Christian: the Conversion of Roman Cappadocia, Philadelphia.
  • Yarshater, E. (1983). “Mazdakism,” E. Yarshater (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran, III/2, Cambridge: 991-1025.
  • Yarshater, E. (1971). “Were the Sasanians heirs to the Achaemenids?”, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome: 517-530.
  • Yücel, M. (2020). “I. Hüsrev’in Hükümdarlığı ve Bir Kurgu Olarak “Anušag-Ruwān Adaleti”nin İcadı”, CEDRUS 8: 593-612.
  • Wiesehöfer, J. (1982). “Die Anfänge Sassanidischer Westpolitik und der Untergang Hatras”, Klio, 64(2): 437-447.
  • Wiesehöfer, J. (2007). “From Achaemenid Imperial Order to Sasanian Diplomacy: War, Peace, and Reconciliation in pre-Islamic Iran”, K. A. Raaflub (ed.), War and Peace in the Ancient World, Blackwell Publishing: 121-140.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammet Yücel 0000-0002-1936-0327

Publication Date November 28, 2022
Submission Date July 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Yücel, M. (2022). Dinî Bir Zümreden Politik Bir Nesneye: Akamenidlerden Sasanilere Kapadokya Zerdüştîleri. Mukaddime, 13(2), 408-433. https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.1145614