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Abstract

Biblical Criticism is a branch of scholarship that has systematically become common among the Jewish and Christian scholars from the Middle Ages onward. In his celebrated book called Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Spinoza made a great contribution to this field. Being a well-versed scholar on the Tanakh, Spinoza shows intertextual discrepiancies and later additions of the scribes to the text of Tanakh with convincing samples. He especially makes abundance of samples for the additions of the Scribes in order to make the text more understandable. Consequently, he reaches to the conclusion that Tanakh was compiled by Ezra the Scribe and Ezra decided the latest form of the texts

Keywords

• Spinoza, Torah, Tanakh, biblical criticism, Ezra, second temple period

Spinoza’nın Teolojik-Politik İncelemesi’nde Tanah Eleştirisi / Spinoza’s Critique of Tanakh in his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus

Abstract

Kutsal kitap eleştirisi, Orta Çağ’dan itibaren sistematik bir şekilde Yahudi ve Hıristiyan bilginler arasında yaygınlaşmış bir disiplindir. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus adlı eseriyle bu alana çok önemli bir katkı sunmuştur. Spinoza, bu eserinde Yahudi kutsal metinlerine olan hâkimiyetiyle metin içi çelişkileri ve redaktörlerin sonradan metne yaptığı müdahaleleri ikna edici delillerle ortaya koymaktadır. Spinoza, özellikle yazıcıların metnin anlaşılabilir olması için sonradan yaptıkları müdahaleleri birçok örnek üzerinden açıklamaktadır. O, analizlerinin sonucu olarak Tevrat’ın Ezra tarafından derlendiği ve son şeklinin verildiği kanaatine ulaşmaktadır.

Keywords

• Spinoza, Tevrat, Tanah, kutsal kitap eleştirisi, Ezra, ikinci mabed dönemi

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