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Öz

Biblical Criticism is a branch of scholarship that has systematically become common among the Jewish and Christian scholars from the Middle Ages onward. In his celebrated book called Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Spinoza made a great contribution to this field. Being a well-versed scholar on the Tanakh, Spinoza shows intertextual discrepiancies and later additions of the scribes to the text of Tanakh with convincing samples. He especially makes abundance of samples for the additions of the Scribes in order to make the text more understandable. Consequently, he reaches to the conclusion that Tanakh was compiled by Ezra the Scribe and Ezra decided the latest form of the texts

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spinoza, Torah, Tanakh, biblical criticism, Ezra, second temple period

Spinoza’nın Teolojik-Politik İncelemesi’nde Tanah Eleştirisi / Spinoza’s Critique of Tanakh in his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus

Öz

Kutsal kitap eleştirisi, Orta Çağ’dan itibaren sistematik bir şekilde Yahudi ve Hıristiyan bilginler arasında yaygınlaşmış bir disiplindir. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus adlı eseriyle bu alana çok önemli bir katkı sunmuştur. Spinoza, bu eserinde Yahudi kutsal metinlerine olan hâkimiyetiyle metin içi çelişkileri ve redaktörlerin sonradan metne yaptığı müdahaleleri ikna edici delillerle ortaya koymaktadır. Spinoza, özellikle yazıcıların metnin anlaşılabilir olması için sonradan yaptıkları müdahaleleri birçok örnek üzerinden açıklamaktadır. O, analizlerinin sonucu olarak Tevrat’ın Ezra tarafından derlendiği ve son şeklinin verildiği kanaatine ulaşmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spinoza, Tevrat, Tanah, kutsal kitap eleştirisi, Ezra, ikinci mabed dönemi

Kaynakça

1. Adler, Steven, Spinoza: A Life, Cambridge University Press, New York 1999.
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3. Polka, Brayton, “Spinoza’s Concept of Biblical Interpretation”, Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosphy 2 (1992), ss. 19-44.
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6. Harrisville, Roy A., The Bible in Modern Culture, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Michigan 2002.
7. Hopkin, Richard H., “Spinoza and Bible Scholarship”, Cambridge Companian to Spinoza, ed. Don Garrett, Cambridge University Press, New York 1996, ss. 384-407.
8. İbn Ezra, Abraham, The Commentary of Abraham ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch, vol.5: Deuteronomy, trans. Jay Shachter, Ktav Publishing House, New Jersey 2003.

9. İbn Ezra, Abraham, Sefer Eyov im Peruş, ed. Mordehay Şaul Godman, Mosad Rav Kook, Yeruşalayim 2009.
10. İbn Meymun, Musa, Delaletü’l-Hairin, tahk. Hüseyin Atay, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara 1972.
11. Josephus, “The Antiquities of the Jews”, ed.William Whiston, Josephus: The Complete Works, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville 1998.
12. Levene, Nancy, “Does Spinoza think the Bible Is Sacred?”, Jewish Quarterly Review 101:4 (2011), ss. 545-573.
13. Meral, Yasin, “İbn Meymûn’un Yemen Mektubu”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 54:2 (2013), ss. 1-48.
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16. Nadler, Steven, “Scripture and the Truth: A Problem in Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus”, Journal of the History of Ideas 74:4 (2013), ss. 623-642.
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19. Smend, Rudolf-Carlos Fraenkel, “Baruch Spinoza”, Encyclopedia Judaica, 2nd edition, ed. Fred Skolknik, c. 19, ss. 111-119.
20. Spinoza, Benedict de, Teolojik-Politik İncelemeler, çev. Kazım Arıcan, Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara 2012.
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