Kanser Hastalarının Onkolojik Cerrahi Öncesi Ağrı Yönetiminde Kullandığı Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemlerin Belirlenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma

Abstract

Amaç: Kanser ağrısı, hastalar tarafından farklı şiddetlerde yaşanan bir semptomdur. Bireyi rahatlatmak, yaşam kalitesini artırmak ve komplikasyonları azaltmak için ağrının kontrol altına alınması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle araştırma, onkolojik cerrahi geçirecek olan kanser hastalarının ağrı yönetiminde nonfarmakolojik yöntemlere başvurma durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin kemoterapi ünitesinde yatan 279 kanser hastası ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sözel Ağrı Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemler Formu kullanılmıştır. Bu formlar, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalara yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalamasının 57.30±12.92 olduğu, %64.5’inin kadın olduğu ve %37.3’ünün meme kanseri nedeniyle tedavi edildiği belirlenmiştir. Hastaların %51.6’sı şiddetli ağrı yaşadığını ve %87.1’i ağrı yönetiminde ilaç kullandığını belirtmiştir. Onkolojik cerrahi öncesinde ağrıyı hafifletmek amacıyla nonfarmakolojik yöntemlere başvuran hastaların %62,7'si fiziksel yöntemler arasından masajı, %53,8'i bilişsel-davranışsal yöntemler arasından olumlu düşünmeyi, %47'si psikososyal yöntemler arasından sohbet etmeyi ve %92,5'i manevi yöntemler arasından dua etmeyi tercih etmiştir. Nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin ağrı şiddetine göre karşılaştırılmasında, şiddetli ağrı yaşayan hastaların masaj ve olumlu düşünme yöntemlerini, düşük ve orta düzeyde ağrı yaşayanlara göre daha fazla kullandığı; bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Onkolojik cerrahi öncesinde ağrıyı hafifletmek amacıyla kanser hastaları, nonfarmakolojik yöntemler arasında en sık fiziksel yöntemlerden masajı, bilişsel-davranışsal yöntemlerden olumlu düşünmeyi, psikososyal yöntemlerden sohbet etmeyi ve manevi yöntemlerden dua etmeyi tercih etmiştir.

Keywords

• Ağrı yönetimi
• kanser ağrısı
• hemşirelik bakımı
• hasta eğitimi.

Determination of Nonpharmacological Methods Used by Cancer Patients in Pain Management Before Oncological Surgery: A Descriptive Study

Abstract

Objective: Cancer pain is a symptom experienced by patients in varying intensities. Controlling pain is crucial to alleviate individuals, enhance their quality of life, and reduce complications. The research aimed to identify the utilization of nonpharmacological methods in managing pain among cancer patients undergoing oncological surgery. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 279 cancer patients hospitalized in the chemotherapy unit of a university hospital. Data collection utilized a "Personal Information Form," "Verbal Pain Assessment Scale," and a "Nonpharmacological Methods Form" prepared by researchers based on the literature. These forms were applied through face-to-face interviews with consenting participants. Results: The mean age of the patients who participated in the study was 57.30±12.92 years, 64.5% were female and 37.3% were treated for breast cancer. 51.6% of the patients stated that they experienced severe pain and 87.1% of them used medication for pain management. Among patients who used nonpharmacological methods to relieve pain, 62.7% preferred massage among physical methods, 53.8% preferred positive thinking among cognitive-behavioral methods, 47% preferred conversation among psychosocial methods, and 92.5% preferred prayer among spiritual methods. In the comparison of nonpharmacologic methods according to pain intensity, it was found that patients with severe pain used massage and positive thinking methods more than those with low and moderate pain; this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: In order to alleviate pain before oncologic surgery, cancer patients most frequently preferred massage from physical methods, positive thinking from cognitive-behavioral methods, conversation from psychosocial methods, and prayer from spiritual methods among nonpharmacological methods.

Keywords

• Cancer pain
• pain management
• nursing care
• patient education.

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