Prosopis L. Türlerinin Geleneksel Terapötik Kullanımları Hakkında bir Derleme Çalışması

Abstract

Günümüzde modern farmakolojinin temelini oluşturan birçok ilaç, kökenini geleneksel tedavi uygulamalarında kullanılan bitkisel kaynaklardan almaktadır. Etnobotanik çalışmalar, antik çağdan günümüze kadar insanlarla bitkiler arasında kurulan ilişkinin atalardan sözel olarak kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılan ve deneme yanılma yolu ile öğrenilen bilgilerle şekillenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, bitkilerin halk arasındaki geleneksel kullanım bilgilerinin bilimsel yöntemlerle kanıtlanıp belgelenmesi hem biyokültürel mirasın korunmasına hem de yeni farmasötik keşiflere olanak tanır. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) familyasının önemli cinslerinden biri olan Prosopis L., kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde yaygın olarak yetişmekte olup farklı kültürlerde çeşitli tıbbi kullanım alanlarına sahip olmakla beraber besin maddesi, gıda kaynağı, hayvan yemi, yakacak odun ve kereste gibi daha pek çok farklı amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Prosopis türlerinin dünya genelindeki geleneksel kullanımları etnobotanik açıdan konu olarak ele alınmış olup bu cinse ait bitki türlerinin halk hekimliğindeki rolü, geleneksel olarak kullanılan bitkilerin kullanılan kısımları, kullanım amaçları, hazırlanış şekilleri, uygulama biçimleri ve tıbbi etkileri coğrafi alanlara göre araştırılmıştır. Buna göre geleneksel olarak en sık kullanılan türler arasında, Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub., Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Macbr. ve Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. türü yer almaktadır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, Prosopis cinsine ait bu türlerin özellikle ishale karşı, solunum yolu hastalıklarında, diyabette, deri ve zührevi hastalıklarda, ağrı kesici ve anti-enflamatuvar gibi birçok amaçla yoğun olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu derleme çalışması, Prosopis türlerinin yalnızca halk tıbbındaki potansiyel değerini ortaya koymakla sınırlı kalmayıp aynı zamanda gelecekteki etnofarmakolojik araştırmalar için de sağlam bir temel sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Prosopis
• Fabaceae
• Etnobotanik
• Geleneksel Tıp
• Halk İlacı
• Tıbbi Bitki

A Review Study on the Traditional Therapeutical Uses of Prosopis L. Species

Abstract

Many drugs that form the foundation of modern pharmacology originate from plant-based resources traditionally used in folk medicine. Ethnobotanical studies are rooted in the long-standing relationship between humans and plants, shaped over centuries through empirical knowledge transmitted orally across generations. Scientific documentation and validation of this traditional knowledge not only contribute to the preservation of biocultural heritage but also support the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Prosopis L., an important genus of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family, is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. In addition to its diverse medicinal applications across different cultures, Prosopis species are utilized for various purposes, including nutrition, food, animal fodder, fuelwood, and timber. This review examines the traditional uses of Prosopis species from an ethnobotanical perspective, focusing on their roles in folk medicine. The study evaluates the plant parts used, purposes of use, preparation methods, modes of administration, and reported therapeutic effects across different geographical regions. The literature review indicates that Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub., Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F. Macbr., and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. are among the most frequently used species in traditional medicine. These species are commonly employed for the treatment of diarrhea, respiratory disorders, diabetes, skin and venereal diseases, as well as for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, this review highlights the ethnobotanical importance of Prosopis species and aims to provide a scientific basis for future ethnopharmacological and phytochemical investigations.

Keywords

• Prosopis
• Fabaceae
• Ethnobotany
• Traditional Medicine
• Folk Medicine
• Medicinal Plant

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