Research Article

A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics

Volume: 16 Number: 2 May 31, 2026
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A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics

Abstract

Aim: This study explores the life and contributions of Akil Muhtar Özden through the lens of virtue ethics. Analyzing his scientific achievements, professional conduct, and ethical reflections, the study seeks to uncover the virtues that shaped his character and legacy. Methods: This qualitative historical research was conducted between 10 December 2025 and 23 February 2026, systematically analyzing primary sources, including Özden’s books, scientific articles, clinical drawings, and archival documents. It employed the thematic content analysis method, guided by virtue ethics, with secondary literature used only for contextual support. Results: Akil Muhtar Özden is recognized as Türkiye’s first scientist to earn an academic degree in medicine abroad. He established the country’s first institute and clinic dedicated to experimental drug treatments and authored several influential textbooks, including İlim Bakımından Ahlak (Morality in Terms of Science), which was published three times between 1942 and 1950. His life exemplifies the importance of virtues, demonstrating an exceptional moral character and proactive engagement with ethical issues throughout his career as a physician and scientist. Conclusion: The life of Akil Muhtar Özden stands as a meaningful historical example of virtue-based professionalism. His ethical orientation and scientific contributions have left an enduring impact on the development of modern Turkish medicine.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The authors received no financial or institutional support for this research.

Ethical Statement

As this study is based solely on archival documents and published sources, ethical committee approval was not required.

Thanks

The authors have no acknowledgments to declare.

References

  1. 1. Zagzebski L. Virtues of the mind: An inquiry into the nature of virtue and the ethical foundations of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996, p.179.
  2. 2. Drewermann E. Die sieben Tugenden. Düsseldorf: Patmos Verlag; 2012.
  3. 3. Kabadayı T. Aristotle: On virtue education. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute 2013;14:77-84.
  4. 4. Aristoteles. Nikomachische Ethik. Berlin: Akademie Verlag; 1995.
  5. 5. Zagzebski L. Denk nach. 20203;22 (63): 15-21.
  6. 6. Ünver S, Kızıldağlı S, Ayaydın N, editors. Aforizma. Dr. Akil Muhtar Özden 1877–1949 vecizeleri. İstanbul: Kenan Matbaası; 1949, p.43.
  7. 7. Garan R. Prof. Akil Muhtar Özden’in İlmi Hayatına Dair. Klinik Aylık Tıp Dergisi (Akil Muhtar Özden) Sayısı 1949; (7) 3-4:.77-79.
  8. 8. (Anonim) Dr. Akil Muhtar. Poliklinik 1938; 6: 271-274.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Historical Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 31, 2026

Submission Date

December 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 16 Number: 2

APA
Namal, A., & Erdem, M. (2026). A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics. Lokman Hekim Dergisi, 16(2), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1837272
AMA
1.Namal A, Erdem M. A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics. Lokman Hekim Dergisi. 2026;16(2):435-446. doi:10.31020/mutftd.1837272
Chicago
Namal, Arın, and Merve Erdem. 2026. “A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics”. Lokman Hekim Dergisi 16 (2): 435-46. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1837272.
EndNote
Namal A, Erdem M (May 1, 2026) A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics. Lokman Hekim Dergisi 16 2 435–446.
IEEE
[1]A. Namal and M. Erdem, “A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics”, Lokman Hekim Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 435–446, May 2026, doi: 10.31020/mutftd.1837272.
ISNAD
Namal, Arın - Erdem, Merve. “A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics”. Lokman Hekim Dergisi 16/2 (May 1, 2026): 435-446. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1837272.
JAMA
1.Namal A, Erdem M. A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics. Lokman Hekim Dergisi. 2026;16:435–446.
MLA
Namal, Arın, and Merve Erdem. “A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics”. Lokman Hekim Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 2, May 2026, pp. 435-46, doi:10.31020/mutftd.1837272.
Vancouver
1.Arın Namal, Merve Erdem. A View On The Life Of Professor Doctor Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949) From The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics. Lokman Hekim Dergisi. 2026 May 1;16(2):435-46. doi:10.31020/mutftd.1837272

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                                                                  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

  

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