Investigation of Pharmacopoeia Compliance of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Rhizome Samples Obtained from Different Sources

Abstract

Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a plant that is frequently used in our country as well as in the world for various ailments. It is not possible for people to reach pharmaceutical grade ginger that can be used for medical purposes in our country. For this reason, ginger rhizomes to be used for medicinal purposes are supplied from sales channels such as akhtars, markets and websites. Ginger offered for sale here is not expected to meet pharmaceutical quality. However, since there are no other sources, the results to be obtained by examining the samples sold here in terms of pharmacopoeia criteria have gained importance. For this reason, it was aimed to obtain a certain number of ginger rhizome samples from different sales channels and evaluate them in terms of pharmacopoeia criteria.
Methods: Ginger rhizomes obtained from a total of 10 different sources (websites, some akhtars in Ankara and Istanbul) were analyzed according to the ginger monograph in the European Pharmacopeia (8.0) by conducting morphological identification, microscopic identification, thin layer chromatography, water quantification, total ash determination and essential oil assays (8.0).
Results: In the tests performed according to the ginger monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia (8.0), the essential oil content of six out of 10 samples was found below the amount specified. The other results were all complied with the requirements stated in the monograph.
Conclusion: Only four out of 10 samples obtained from the market were met the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (8.0). Other samples were found not suitable for medicinal use as they did not meet the specifications in the pharmacopoeia. Although this study, conducted on a limited number of samples, does not give a clear result about the general profile of the ginger rhizomes in the market, it can be accepted as an indicator for more detailed studies. As a result, this study shows that in our country there is a need for pharmaceutical grade ginger rhizomes suitable for therapeutic purposes.

Keywords

• Ginger
• Zingiber officinale
• phytoterapy
• Zingiberaceae
• Pharmacopoeia analysis

Farklı Kaynaklardan Temin Edilen Zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Rizom Örneklerinin Farmakopeye Uygunluğunun Araştırılması

Abstract

Giriş: Zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de çeşitli rahatsızlıklarda sıklıkla kullanılan bir bitkidir. İnsanların ülkemizde tıbbi amaçla kullanılabileceği farmasötik kalitede zencefile ulaşması pek mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle tıbbi amaçla kullanılacak zencefil rizomları aktar, market, internet sitesi gibi satış kanallarından temin edilmektedir. Buralarda satışa sunulan zencefilin farmasötik kaliteyi karşılaması beklenmemektedir. Ancak başka kaynak olmaması nedeniyle, piyasada satılan örneklerin farmakope ölçütleri açısından incelenmesiyle elde edilecek sonuçlar önem kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle farklı satış kanallarından belirli sayıda zencefil rizom örneği temin edilerek farmakope ölçütleri açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Toplam 10 farklı kaynaktan (internet siteleri, Ankara ve İstanbul’daki bazı aktarlar) temin edilen zencefil rizomları Avrupa Farmakopesi (8.0) içinde yer alan zencefil monografına göre morfolojik tayin, mikroskobik tayin, ince tabaka kromatografisi, su miktar tayini, toplam kül miktar tayini ve uçucu yağ miktar tayini deneyleri yapılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Avrupa Farmakopesi’nde yer alan (8.0) zencefil monografına göre yapılan testlerde 10 örneğin altısının uçucu yağ içeriği belirtilen miktarın altında bulunmuştur. Diğer sonuçların tümü monografta belirtilen gereksinimlere uymuştur.
Sonuç: Piyasadan elde edilen 10 örnekten yalnızca dördü Avrupa Farmakopesi (8.0) gerekliliklerini karşılamıştır. Diğer örnekler, farmakopedeki spesifikasyonlara uymadığı için tıbbi kullanıma uygun bulunmamıştır. Sınırlı sayıda örnek üzerinde yapılan bu çalışma, piyasadaki zencefil rizomlarının genel profili hakkında net bir sonuç vermese de daha detaylı çalışmalar için bir gösterge olarak kabul edilebilir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, ülkemizde terapötik amaçlara uygun farmasötik kalitede zencefil rizomlarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Zencefil
• Zingiber officinale
• Fitoterapi
• Zingiberaceae
• Farmakope analizi.

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