Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 50 - 60, 30.01.2024

Gamze Yorgancioglu Tarcan Pınar Yalçın Balçık Nihat Barış Sebik

https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1278529

Abstract

Son yıllarda sağlık hizmetleri küresel çapta ülke ekonomilerinin en önemli parçası haline gelmiştir. Teknoloji ve bilişim sistemlerinin artan ivme ile gelişimi birçok sektör gibi sağlık sektörünü de harekete geçirmiştir. Özellikle sağlık hizmetleri alanında yer alan klinik süreçlerde dijitalleşmeye geçiş tüm dünyada artış eğilimindedir. Bu dijitalleşme birçok teknolojiyi de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda en önemli teknolojilerden biri olan yapay zekâ teknolojisi de sağlık sektörüne çok hızlı bir şekilde adapte olmaktadır. Hem idari hem de tıbbi birçok süreçte farklı yapay zekâ teknolojileri günümüzde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapay zekânın kullanımı tanı, tedavi, koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere birçok süreci hızlandırmakla birlikte aynı zamanda da yönetsel ve klinik süreçlerde maliyetleri de önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Bir taraftan hastane klinik fonksiyonlarında teşhis ve tedavi aşamalarını hızlandırmakta diğer taraftan da meydana gelebilecek olası insan hatalarını en aza indirmektedir. Diğer taraftan doğru kullanılmayan ya da güvenli olmayan sistemler bir taraftan sağlık insan gücünün istihdam olanağını tehdit edebilecekken diğer taraftan yanlış tanı ve tedaviye de yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sağlık hizmetleri alanında yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin dünya örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Ardından T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığının yapay zekâ alanında yapmış olduğu ve devam eden çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki işgücü ve erişim problemlerini en aza indirmek, maliyetleri azaltmak, sağlık hizmetlerinde süreçleri hızlandırmak için yapay zekâ teknolojilerinden yararlanılması mümkündür. Bununla birlikte yapay zekanın kullanılmasında olası otonom saldırılar, güvenilir ve geçerli olmayan tanılar, tıbbi hatada sistemin hukuki sorumluluğu ve teknik aksaklıklar için politika geliştirme, etik ilkeler, ölçüm ve denetim mekanizması son derece önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

Yapay zekâ, sağlık hizmetleri, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, sağlık bilişimi.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare in Türkiye and the World

Abstract

Recent years, the provision of healthcare services has emerged as the sector that contributes the most significantly to national economies on a global scale. The development of new technologies and information systems, which is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, has sped up the healthcare sector as well as a great deal of other sectors. The shift toward digitalization in clinical workflows is becoming increasingly commonplace around the world, with particular emphasis placed on the medical sector. This process of digitalization brings with it a great deal of technological advancement. In this context, artificial intelligence technology, which is rapidly becoming one of the most important types of technology, is progressing quickly in the field of healthcare. The administrative and medical procedures that take place today make use of a wide variety of technologies that involve artificial intelligence. The application of artificial intelligence not only speeds up a variety of processes particularly diagnostics, treatments, and preventative health services but also significantly cuts costs in administrative and clinical procedures. On the one hand, it quickens the stages of diagnosis and treatment in hospital clinical functions, and on the other, it reduces the likelihood of human errors that might take place. On the other hand, improperly used or unsafe systems can threaten the employment opportunity of the health workforce, and can lead to misdiagnosis and malpractice. In this study, first of all, worldwide sample applications and costs of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of health services are given. Then, the ongoing studies carried out by the Ministry of Health of Türkiye in the field of artificial intelligence are included. Studies on the subject show that it is possible to use artificial intelligence technologies to minimize labor and access problems, reduce costs, and speed up processes in health services. However, in the use of artificial intelligence, policy development, ethical principles, measurement and control mechanism are extremely important for possible autonomous attacks, unreliable and invalid diagnoses, legal responsibility of the system in medical errors and technical failures.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, healthcare services, Ministry of Health of Türkiye, health informatics.

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