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Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 50 - 60, 30.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1278529

Öz

Son yıllarda sağlık hizmetleri küresel çapta ülke ekonomilerinin en önemli parçası haline gelmiştir. Teknoloji ve bilişim sistemlerinin artan ivme ile gelişimi birçok sektör gibi sağlık sektörünü de harekete geçirmiştir. Özellikle sağlık hizmetleri alanında yer alan klinik süreçlerde dijitalleşmeye geçiş tüm dünyada artış eğilimindedir. Bu dijitalleşme birçok teknolojiyi de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda en önemli teknolojilerden biri olan yapay zekâ teknolojisi de sağlık sektörüne çok hızlı bir şekilde adapte olmaktadır. Hem idari hem de tıbbi birçok süreçte farklı yapay zekâ teknolojileri günümüzde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapay zekânın kullanımı tanı, tedavi, koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere birçok süreci hızlandırmakla birlikte aynı zamanda da yönetsel ve klinik süreçlerde maliyetleri de önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Bir taraftan hastane klinik fonksiyonlarında teşhis ve tedavi aşamalarını hızlandırmakta diğer taraftan da meydana gelebilecek olası insan hatalarını en aza indirmektedir. Diğer taraftan doğru kullanılmayan ya da güvenli olmayan sistemler bir taraftan sağlık insan gücünün istihdam olanağını tehdit edebilecekken diğer taraftan yanlış tanı ve tedaviye de yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sağlık hizmetleri alanında yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin dünya örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Ardından T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığının yapay zekâ alanında yapmış olduğu ve devam eden çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki işgücü ve erişim problemlerini en aza indirmek, maliyetleri azaltmak, sağlık hizmetlerinde süreçleri hızlandırmak için yapay zekâ teknolojilerinden yararlanılması mümkündür. Bununla birlikte yapay zekanın kullanılmasında olası otonom saldırılar, güvenilir ve geçerli olmayan tanılar, tıbbi hatada sistemin hukuki sorumluluğu ve teknik aksaklıklar için politika geliştirme, etik ilkeler, ölçüm ve denetim mekanizması son derece önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Jiang F, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2017;2:230-243.
  • 2. Uzun T. Yapay Zeka ve Sağlık Uygulamaları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisai ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2020;3(1):80-92.
  • 3. Pai VV, Pai RB. Artificial intelligence in dermatology and healthcare: An overview. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2021;87(4):457-467.
  • 4. Tran BX, et al. Global evolution of research in artificial intelligence in health and medicine: A Bibliometric Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019;8(3):360.
  • 5. Ramesh AN, et al. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2004;86(5):334.
  • 6. Çalışkan SA, ve ark. Sağlık Çalışanları Yapay Zekaya Hazır Mı? Sağlık Bilim Yapay Zeka Dergisi 2021;35.
  • 7. Walsh T, et al. The effective and ethical development of artificial intelligence: an opportunity to improve our wellbeing. (Australia): Australian Council of Learned Academies; 2019.
  • 8. Globenewswire.com [Internet]. Global Artificial Intelligence AI Market [Cited: 10 July 2023]. Available from: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/10/27/2321714/0/en/Global-Artificial-Intelligence-AI-Market-to-Reach-US-291-5-Billion-by-the-Year-2026.html.
  • 9. Alonso RG, Thoene U, Benavides DD. Digital health and artificial intelligence: advancing healthcare provision in latin america. IT Professional 2022;24(2):62-68.
  • 10. WHO guideline: Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening. Geneva: WHO, 2019.
  • 11. Dicuonzo G, et al. Healthcare system: Moving forward with artificial intelligence. Technovation 2023;120:102510.
  • 12. Bilge U. 4. Tıp Bilişimi Derneği Kongresi. Antalya: 2007. s. 113-118.
  • 13. Reddy S. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Delivery. In: Heston TF, editors. eHealth - Making Health Care Smarter. USA: Intecopen; 2018.
  • 14. Isbanner S, et al. The adoption of artificial ıntelligence in health care and social services in australia: findings from a methodologically innovative national survey of values and attitudes (the AVA-AI Study). J Med Internet Res 2022;24(8):e37611.
  • 15. Mesko B. Tıbbın Geleceğine Yolculuk. İstanbul: Optimist Yayın Grubu, 2018; 174-183.
  • 16. Healthtechmagazine.net [Internet]. Intel AI Semantic Data Lakes Save Patients Lives Montefiore Health System. (2018). [Cited: 20 July 2023]. Available from: https://healthtechmagazine.net/article/2018/09/intel-ai-semantic-data-lakes-save-patient-lives-montefiore-health-system.
  • 17. Somashekhar SP, ve ark. Double blinded validation study to assess performance of IBM artificial intelligence platform, Watson for oncology in comparison with Manipal multidisciplinary tumour board – First study of 638 breast cancer cases. Cancer Research 2017;77.
  • 18. Büyükgöze S, Dereli E. Dijital sağlık uygulamalarında yapay zeka. VI. Uluslararası Bilimsel ve Mesleki Çalışmalar Kongresi-Fen ve Sağlık, Ankara, 2019; 7-10.
  • 19. Hbr.org [Internet]. Promising AI Applications in Healthcare, Harvard Business Review. (2018). [Cited: 13 June 2023]. Available from: https://hbr.org/2018/05/10-promising-ai-applications-in-health-care.
  • 20. Wired.co.uk [Internet]. This AI Software Can Tell If You're at Risk From Cancer Before Symptoms Appear. (2016). [Cited: 10 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/cancer-risk-ai-mammograms.
  • 21. Scmp.com [Internet]. Doctors said the coma patients would never wake AI said they would - and they did, South China Morning Post. (2018). [Cited: 17 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/2163298/doctors-said-coma-patients-would-never-wake-ai-said-they-would.
  • 22. Siemenshealthineers.com [Internet]. Siemens Healthineers. (2018). [Cited: 17 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/perspectives/mso-digital-twin-mater.html.
  • 23. Birinci Ş. COVID-19 Salgınının Dijital Yönetimi. SD (Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü) Dergisi 2020;56:54-57.
  • 24. Dijitalbiz.com [Internet]. Gelecekte Sağlığı Dijital Araçlardan Bağımsız Düşünemeyiz. (2023). [Cited: 10 September 2023]. Available from: https://www.dijitalbiz.com/saglik-bakan-yardimcisi-dr-suayip-birinci-gelecekte-sagligi-dijital-araclardan-bagimsiz-dusunemeyiz/.
  • 25. Birinci, Ş. A Digital Opportunity for Patients to Manage Their Health: Turkey National Personal Health Record System (The e-Nabız). Balkan Medical Journal 2023;40(3):215.
  • 26. Saenger AK, Christenson RH. Stroke Biomarkers: Progress and Challenges for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Differentiation, and Treatment. Clinical Chemistry 2010;56(1):21-33.
  • 27. Jarrahi MH. Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-ai symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business horizons 2018;61(4):577-586.
  • 28. Khanzode KCA, Sarode R D. Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence and machine learning: A literature review. International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS) 2020;9(1):3.
  • 29. Bhbosale S, Pujari V, Multani Z. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Artificial Intellegence. Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2020;77:227-230.
  • 30. Braun M, et al. Primer on an ethics of AI-based decision support systems in the clinic. J. Med. Ethics 2020;47:3
  • 31. Liyanage H, et al. Artificial intelligence in primary health care: perceptions, issues, and challenges. Yearbook of medical informatics 2019;28(01):041-046.
  • 32. Grote T, Berens P. On the ethics of algorithmic decision-making in healthcare. J. Med. Ethics 2020;46:205–211.
  • 33. McCradden MD, et al. Ethical concerns around use of artificial intelligence in health care research from the perspective of patients with meningioma, caregivers and health care providers: a qualitative study. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal 2020;8(1):E90-E95.
  • 34. Chen IY, Szolovits P, Ghassemi M. Can AI help reduce disparities in general medical and mental health care? AMA J. Ethics 2019;21(2):E167–179.
  • 35. Petkus H, Hoogewerf J, Wyatt JC. What do senior physicians think about AI and clinical decision support systems: quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from specialty societies. Clin. Med. J. R. Coll. Phys. Lond. 2020;20:324–328.
  • 36. Marshall P. Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence. USA: CQ Researcher, 2018.
  • 37. Davenport T, Kalakota R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J 2019;6(2):94-98.
  • 38. Benke K, Benke G. Artificial intelligence and big data in public health. Int. J Environ Res. Public Health 2018;15(12):2796.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare in Türkiye and the World

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 50 - 60, 30.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1278529

Öz

Recent years, the provision of healthcare services has emerged as the sector that contributes the most significantly to national economies on a global scale. The development of new technologies and information systems, which is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, has sped up the healthcare sector as well as a great deal of other sectors. The shift toward digitalization in clinical workflows is becoming increasingly commonplace around the world, with particular emphasis placed on the medical sector. This process of digitalization brings with it a great deal of technological advancement. In this context, artificial intelligence technology, which is rapidly becoming one of the most important types of technology, is progressing quickly in the field of healthcare. The administrative and medical procedures that take place today make use of a wide variety of technologies that involve artificial intelligence. The application of artificial intelligence not only speeds up a variety of processes particularly diagnostics, treatments, and preventative health services but also significantly cuts costs in administrative and clinical procedures. On the one hand, it quickens the stages of diagnosis and treatment in hospital clinical functions, and on the other, it reduces the likelihood of human errors that might take place. On the other hand, improperly used or unsafe systems can threaten the employment opportunity of the health workforce, and can lead to misdiagnosis and malpractice. In this study, first of all, worldwide sample applications and costs of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of health services are given. Then, the ongoing studies carried out by the Ministry of Health of Türkiye in the field of artificial intelligence are included. Studies on the subject show that it is possible to use artificial intelligence technologies to minimize labor and access problems, reduce costs, and speed up processes in health services. However, in the use of artificial intelligence, policy development, ethical principles, measurement and control mechanism are extremely important for possible autonomous attacks, unreliable and invalid diagnoses, legal responsibility of the system in medical errors and technical failures.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Jiang F, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2017;2:230-243.
  • 2. Uzun T. Yapay Zeka ve Sağlık Uygulamaları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisai ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2020;3(1):80-92.
  • 3. Pai VV, Pai RB. Artificial intelligence in dermatology and healthcare: An overview. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2021;87(4):457-467.
  • 4. Tran BX, et al. Global evolution of research in artificial intelligence in health and medicine: A Bibliometric Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019;8(3):360.
  • 5. Ramesh AN, et al. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2004;86(5):334.
  • 6. Çalışkan SA, ve ark. Sağlık Çalışanları Yapay Zekaya Hazır Mı? Sağlık Bilim Yapay Zeka Dergisi 2021;35.
  • 7. Walsh T, et al. The effective and ethical development of artificial intelligence: an opportunity to improve our wellbeing. (Australia): Australian Council of Learned Academies; 2019.
  • 8. Globenewswire.com [Internet]. Global Artificial Intelligence AI Market [Cited: 10 July 2023]. Available from: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/10/27/2321714/0/en/Global-Artificial-Intelligence-AI-Market-to-Reach-US-291-5-Billion-by-the-Year-2026.html.
  • 9. Alonso RG, Thoene U, Benavides DD. Digital health and artificial intelligence: advancing healthcare provision in latin america. IT Professional 2022;24(2):62-68.
  • 10. WHO guideline: Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening. Geneva: WHO, 2019.
  • 11. Dicuonzo G, et al. Healthcare system: Moving forward with artificial intelligence. Technovation 2023;120:102510.
  • 12. Bilge U. 4. Tıp Bilişimi Derneği Kongresi. Antalya: 2007. s. 113-118.
  • 13. Reddy S. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Delivery. In: Heston TF, editors. eHealth - Making Health Care Smarter. USA: Intecopen; 2018.
  • 14. Isbanner S, et al. The adoption of artificial ıntelligence in health care and social services in australia: findings from a methodologically innovative national survey of values and attitudes (the AVA-AI Study). J Med Internet Res 2022;24(8):e37611.
  • 15. Mesko B. Tıbbın Geleceğine Yolculuk. İstanbul: Optimist Yayın Grubu, 2018; 174-183.
  • 16. Healthtechmagazine.net [Internet]. Intel AI Semantic Data Lakes Save Patients Lives Montefiore Health System. (2018). [Cited: 20 July 2023]. Available from: https://healthtechmagazine.net/article/2018/09/intel-ai-semantic-data-lakes-save-patient-lives-montefiore-health-system.
  • 17. Somashekhar SP, ve ark. Double blinded validation study to assess performance of IBM artificial intelligence platform, Watson for oncology in comparison with Manipal multidisciplinary tumour board – First study of 638 breast cancer cases. Cancer Research 2017;77.
  • 18. Büyükgöze S, Dereli E. Dijital sağlık uygulamalarında yapay zeka. VI. Uluslararası Bilimsel ve Mesleki Çalışmalar Kongresi-Fen ve Sağlık, Ankara, 2019; 7-10.
  • 19. Hbr.org [Internet]. Promising AI Applications in Healthcare, Harvard Business Review. (2018). [Cited: 13 June 2023]. Available from: https://hbr.org/2018/05/10-promising-ai-applications-in-health-care.
  • 20. Wired.co.uk [Internet]. This AI Software Can Tell If You're at Risk From Cancer Before Symptoms Appear. (2016). [Cited: 10 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/cancer-risk-ai-mammograms.
  • 21. Scmp.com [Internet]. Doctors said the coma patients would never wake AI said they would - and they did, South China Morning Post. (2018). [Cited: 17 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/2163298/doctors-said-coma-patients-would-never-wake-ai-said-they-would.
  • 22. Siemenshealthineers.com [Internet]. Siemens Healthineers. (2018). [Cited: 17 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/perspectives/mso-digital-twin-mater.html.
  • 23. Birinci Ş. COVID-19 Salgınının Dijital Yönetimi. SD (Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü) Dergisi 2020;56:54-57.
  • 24. Dijitalbiz.com [Internet]. Gelecekte Sağlığı Dijital Araçlardan Bağımsız Düşünemeyiz. (2023). [Cited: 10 September 2023]. Available from: https://www.dijitalbiz.com/saglik-bakan-yardimcisi-dr-suayip-birinci-gelecekte-sagligi-dijital-araclardan-bagimsiz-dusunemeyiz/.
  • 25. Birinci, Ş. A Digital Opportunity for Patients to Manage Their Health: Turkey National Personal Health Record System (The e-Nabız). Balkan Medical Journal 2023;40(3):215.
  • 26. Saenger AK, Christenson RH. Stroke Biomarkers: Progress and Challenges for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Differentiation, and Treatment. Clinical Chemistry 2010;56(1):21-33.
  • 27. Jarrahi MH. Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-ai symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business horizons 2018;61(4):577-586.
  • 28. Khanzode KCA, Sarode R D. Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence and machine learning: A literature review. International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS) 2020;9(1):3.
  • 29. Bhbosale S, Pujari V, Multani Z. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Artificial Intellegence. Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2020;77:227-230.
  • 30. Braun M, et al. Primer on an ethics of AI-based decision support systems in the clinic. J. Med. Ethics 2020;47:3
  • 31. Liyanage H, et al. Artificial intelligence in primary health care: perceptions, issues, and challenges. Yearbook of medical informatics 2019;28(01):041-046.
  • 32. Grote T, Berens P. On the ethics of algorithmic decision-making in healthcare. J. Med. Ethics 2020;46:205–211.
  • 33. McCradden MD, et al. Ethical concerns around use of artificial intelligence in health care research from the perspective of patients with meningioma, caregivers and health care providers: a qualitative study. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal 2020;8(1):E90-E95.
  • 34. Chen IY, Szolovits P, Ghassemi M. Can AI help reduce disparities in general medical and mental health care? AMA J. Ethics 2019;21(2):E167–179.
  • 35. Petkus H, Hoogewerf J, Wyatt JC. What do senior physicians think about AI and clinical decision support systems: quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from specialty societies. Clin. Med. J. R. Coll. Phys. Lond. 2020;20:324–328.
  • 36. Marshall P. Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence. USA: CQ Researcher, 2018.
  • 37. Davenport T, Kalakota R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J 2019;6(2):94-98.
  • 38. Benke K, Benke G. Artificial intelligence and big data in public health. Int. J Environ Res. Public Health 2018;15(12):2796.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Gamze Yorgancioglu Tarcan 0000-0002-5710-9547

Pınar Yalçın Balçık 0000-0001-7949-5779

Nihat Barış Sebik 0000-0003-1680-6431

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yorgancioglu Tarcan, G., Yalçın Balçık, P., & Sebik, N. B. (2024). Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 14(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1278529
AMA Yorgancioglu Tarcan G, Yalçın Balçık P, Sebik NB. Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. Ocak 2024;14(1):50-60. doi:10.31020/mutftd.1278529
Chicago Yorgancioglu Tarcan, Gamze, Pınar Yalçın Balçık, ve Nihat Barış Sebik. “Türkiye Ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 14, sy. 1 (Ocak 2024): 50-60. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1278529.
EndNote Yorgancioglu Tarcan G, Yalçın Balçık P, Sebik NB (01 Ocak 2024) Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 14 1 50–60.
IEEE G. Yorgancioglu Tarcan, P. Yalçın Balçık, ve N. B. Sebik, “Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ”, Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 1, ss. 50–60, 2024, doi: 10.31020/mutftd.1278529.
ISNAD Yorgancioglu Tarcan, Gamze vd. “Türkiye Ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 14/1 (Ocak 2024), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1278529.
JAMA Yorgancioglu Tarcan G, Yalçın Balçık P, Sebik NB. Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2024;14:50–60.
MLA Yorgancioglu Tarcan, Gamze vd. “Türkiye Ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 50-60, doi:10.31020/mutftd.1278529.
Vancouver Yorgancioglu Tarcan G, Yalçın Balçık P, Sebik NB. Türkiye ve Dünyada Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Yapay Zekâ. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2024;14(1):50-6.
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