Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması

Musa Avni Akçe; Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu

doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.778678

Araştırma Makalesi

Yıl 2020, , 99 - 115, 04.12.2020

Musa Avni Akçe , Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678

Cited By: 6

Öz

The detailed nomenclature and descriptions of the minerals can be made with the aid of a polarizing microscope on the thin section and by powdering with the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. In both methods, minerals are damaged and require serious knowledge and experience. In Raman spectroscopy without any destruction of the sample, the spectra formed as a result of differences in the wavelength of the scattered light compared to the wavelength of the light that interacts with the molecule by being sent on the mineral can reflect the identity of the mineral. The spectra, which consist of the molecular composition difference of each mineral, can also reflect the changes of the measured mineral. Furthermore, in addition to mineral naming, fresh and altered mineral differences are also distinguished by this method. In this study, Raman spectroscopic definitions of plagioclase, orthoclase, anorthoclase, biotite, phlogopite and garnet minerals were made using the Raman spectroscopy method and comments were made on the origin of the rock from which they were formed. Thus, the determination of the types of minerals by non-destructive analysis method has been demonstrated with examples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Raman Spectroscopy, Wavelength, Mineralogy, Analysis method

Kaynakça

Skoog D. A., Holler F. J., Nieman T. A., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 5th Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 849s, 1998 (Çeviri: Kılıç E., Köseoğlu F., Yılmaz H., Bilim Yayıncılık, Ankara)
Ferraro J. R., Nakamoto K., Brown C. W., “Introductory Raman Spectroscopy” 2nd Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 434s, 2003
McMillan P. F., Hofmeister, A. M., “Infrared and Raman spectroscopy” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (F. C. Hawthorne, editor), Chapter 4, Reviews in Mineralogy, 18 (1), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C., 99-159, 1988
Nasdala L., Smith D. C., Kaindl R., Gaft M., Ziemann M. A., “Raman spectroscopy: Analytical perspectives in mineralogical research” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy (A. Beran and E. Libowitzky, editors), Chapter 7, EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Vol. 6, Eötvös University Press, Budapest, 281-344, 2004
Zoroğlu O., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Behavior of amphiboles in the determination of magma zoning using confocal Raman spectrometry: Beypazarı Oymaağaç granitoid-Ankara Turkey” The Second International Conference on Geo-Resources in The Middle East and North Africa (GRMENA-2), February 24-28, Proceedings, 110-111 s, Cairo, Egypt, 2007
Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksindeki Granatların Raman Konfokal Spektroskopik Karakteristikleri” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 614-615 s, Ankara, 2009
Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Raman Spektroskopisinin Mineralojide Kullanımı: Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi, Orta Anadolu” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 14 s, Ankara, 2009
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Orta Anadolu’daki Farklı Turmalinlerin Konfokal Raman Spektrometrisi ile Tanımlanması” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 630-631 s, Ankara, 2009
Akçe M. A., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksinin Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Kristalen Karmaşığındaki Zamansal ve Mekansal Konumu” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 240s, Ankara, 2010
Deniz K., “Buzlukdağı (Kırşehir) Alkali Magmatik Kayaçların Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Konfokal Raman Spektrometresi ile İncelenmesi” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 138s, Ankara, 2010
Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Zoroğlu O., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Yıldırım B., “Differentiation of Ophiolitic and Nonophiolitic Gabbros using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy: Central Anatolia Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (3), 1133 s, 2011
Üstündağ İ., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Üstündağ Z., “Raman Spektrometresiyle Jeolojik Örneklerin Karakterizasyonu” Uluslararası Katılımlı XII. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 18-22 Mayıs, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 167 s, Antalya, 2011
Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Kılıç C. O., “Petrology and Raman Characterization of Leucitites within the Ultrapotassic Rocks: Afyon, NW Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (5), 974 s, 2013
Koralay T., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Jiang S. Y., “Determination of Tourmaline Composition in Pegmatite From Buldan, Denizli (Western Anatolia, Turkey) Using XRD, XRF, and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy” Spectroscopy Letters, 46, 499-506, 2013
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Use of tourmaline as a potential petrogenetic indicator in the determination of host magma: CRS, XRD and PED-XRF methods” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 183, 68-74, 2017
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Deniz K., “Raman Characteristics of Gücünkaya (Aksaray) Gabbroic Rocks, Central Anatolia-Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 475-482, Bulgaria, 2019
Kadıoğlu Y. K., Deniz K., Koralay T., Güllü B. “Nature of The Gabbro in Central Anatolia: Geological Observation and Spectroscopic Applications, Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 377-384, Bulgaria, 2019
Koralay T., Ören U., “Determination of spectroscopic features and gemstone potential of garnet crystals from the Çamköy region (Aydın - SW Turkey) using XRPD, XRF, Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, EPMA and gemological test methods” Periodico di Mineralogia, 89 (2), 105-123, 2020
URL–1, (2020) Karacan M. S., “Enstrümental Analiz” Ders Notları, Gazi Üniv. Fen Fak. Kimya Böl., [PDF belgesi]. http://w3.gazi.edu.tr/~mkaracan/enstrumental.pdf (20.07.2020)
Gündüz T., “İnstrümental Analiz” 5. Baskı, Gazi Büro Kitabevi, Ankara, 607s, 1999
Stone N., Kendall C., Shepherd N., Crow P., Barr H., “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 33 (7), 564-573, 2002
Çulha M., “Tıbbi Sorunlara Nanoteknoloji Destekli Spektroskopik Çözümler” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 15 s, Ankara, 2009
White S. N., Kirkwood W. J., Sherman A. D., Brown M. O., Henthorn R., Salamy K. A., Walz P. M., Peltzer E. T., Brewer P. G., “Development and deployment of a precision underwater positioning system for in situ laser Raman spectroscopy in the deep ocean” Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 52 (12), 2376-2389, 2005
Haskin L. A., Wang A., Rockow K. M., Jolliff B. L., Korotev R. L., Viskupic K. M. “Raman spectroscopy for mineral identification and quantification for in situ planetary surface analysis: a point count method” Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 102 (E8), 19293-19306, 1997
Freeman J. J., Wang A., Kuebler K. E., Haskin L. A., “Raman spectroscopic characterization of the feldspars - implications for in situ surface mineral characterization in planetary exploration” The 34th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 17-21, Proceedings, #1676, League City, Texas, 2003
Rull Pérez F., Martinez-Frias J., “Raman spectroscopy goes to Mars” Spectroscopy Europa, 18 (1), 18-21, 2006
Smith E., Dent G., “Modern Raman Spectroscopy – A Practical Approach” John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 210s, 2005
Das R. S., Agrawal Y. K., “Raman spectroscopy: Recent advancements, techniques and applications” Vibrational Spectroscopy, 57 (2), 163-176, 2011
Prieto B., Seaward M. R. D., Edwards H. G. M., Rivas T., Silva B. “An Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopic study of gypsum neoformation by lichens growing on granitic rocks” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 55 (1), 211-217, 1999
Thomas R., “Determination of water contents in granite melt inclusions by confocal laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 85 (5), 868-872, 2000
Thomas R., “Determination of the H3BO3 concentration in fluid and melt inclusions in granite pegmatites by laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 87 (1), 56-68, 2002
Santosh M., Tanaka K., Yoshimura Y., “Carbonic fluid inclusions in ultrahigh-temperature granitoids from southern India” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337 (3), 327-335, 2005
Müller A., Thomas R., Wiedenbeck M., Seltmann R., Breiter, K., “Water content of granitic melts from Cornwall and Erzgebirge: A Raman spectroscopy study of melt inclusions” European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (4), 429-440, 2006
Mishra B., Saravanan C. S., Bhattacharya A., Goon A., Mahato S., Bernhardt H. J., “Implications of super dense carbonic and hypersaline fluid inclusions in granites from the Ranchi area, Chottanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India” Gondwana Research, 11 (4), 504-515, 2007
Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Stojančeska S., “Minerals from Macedonia XIII: Vibrational spectra of some commonly appearing nesosilicate minerals” Journal of Molecular Structure, 744-747, 79-92, 2005
Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Kaitner B., “Minerals from Macedonia. XXIV. Spectra-structure characterization of tectosilicates. Journal of Molecular Structure” Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-926, 413-419, 2009
Jovanovski G., Makreski P., Kaitner B., Boev B., “Silicate Minerals from Macedonia. Complementary Use of Vibrational Spectroscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction for Identification and Detection Purposes” Croatica Chemica Acta, 82 (2), 363-386, 2009
Hofmeister A. M., Chopelas A., “Vibrational Spectroscopy of End-Member Silicate Garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17 (6), 503-526, 1991
Mingsheng P., Mao H. K., Dien L., Chao E. C. T., “Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals” Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 13 (2), 176-183, 1994
Kolesov B. A., Geiger C. A., “Raman spectra of silicate garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25 (2), 142-151, 1998
Moroz T., Ragozin A., Salikhov D., Belikova G., Puchkov V., Kagi H., “Micro-Raman spectra of ugrandite garnet” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 436-439, 2009
Bersani D., Andò S., Vignola P., Moltifiori G., Marino I.-G., Lottici P. P., Diella V., “Micro-Raman spectroscopy as a routine tool for garnet analysis” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 484-491, 2009
Tlili A., Smith D. C., Beny J.-M., Boyer H., “A Raman microprobe study of natural micas” Mineralogical Magazine, 53 (370), 165-179, 1989
McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the trioctahedral mica phlogopite” American Mineralogist, 84 (5-6), 970-976, 1999
McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the dioctahedral mica: 2M1 muscovite” American Mineralogist, 84 (7-8), 1041-1048. 1999
Wang A., Freeman J., Kuebler K. E. “Raman spectroscopic characterization of phyllosilicates” The 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 11-15, Proceedings, #1374, League City, Texas, 2002
Gasharova B., Mihailova B., Konstantinov, L., “Raman spectra on various types of tourmaline” European Journal of Mineralogy, 9 (5), 935-940, 1997
McKeown D. A., “Raman spectroscopy, vibrational analysis, and heating of buergerite tourmaline” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35 (5), 259-270, 2008
Hoang L. H., Hien N. T. M., Chen X. B., Minh N. V., Yang I. S., “Raman spectroscopic study various types of tourmalines” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42 (6), 1442-1446, 2011
Kuebler K., Wang A., Freeman J. J., Jolliff B. L., “Database of Raman mineral spectra for planetary surface exploration” The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 13-17, Proceedings, #1907, League City, Texas, 2006
Best M. G., “Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology” 2nd Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 729s, 2003
Dempster T. J., “Garnet zoning and metamorphism of the Barrovian Type Area, Scotland” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (1), 30-38, 1985
Snelling A. A., “Regional Metamorphism within a Creationist Framework: What Garnet Compositions Reveal” Answers in Depth, 5, 198-208, 2010

Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması

Yıl 2020, , 99 - 115, 04.12.2020

Musa Avni Akçe , Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678

Cited By: 6

Öz

Minerallerin ayrıntılı olarak adlandırmaları ve tanımlamaları ince kesit üzerinde polarizan mikroskop yardımı ile ve toz hale getirilerek X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD) yöntemi ile yapılabilmektedir. Her iki yöntemde mineraller üzerinde tahribat yapılmakta ve ciddi bir bilgi birikimi ve deneyim gerektirmektedir. Raman spektroskopisinde örnek üzerinde herhangi bir tahribat yapmadan, mineral üzerine gönderilerek molekül ile etkileşime giren ışığın dalga boyuna göre saçılan ışığın dalga boyundaki farklar sonucu oluşan spektrumlar, mineralin kimliğini yansıtabilmektedir. Her mineralin moleküler bileşim farklılığından oluşan spektrumlar yardımıyla mineral içerisindeki değişimler ölçülebilmektedir. Böylece mineral adlandırmanın yanında taze ve bozunmuş mineral farklılıkları da bu yöntem ile ayırt edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Raman spektroskopi yöntemini kullanarak plajiyoklaz, ortoklaz, anortoklaz, biyotit, filogopit ve granat minerallerinin Raman spektroskopik tanımlanmaları yapılmış ve oluştukları kayanın kökeni hakkında yorumlar yapılmıştır. Böylece minerallerin tahribatsız analiz yöntemi ile türlerinin tespiti örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Raman Spektroskopisi, Dalga boyu, Mineraloji, Analiz yöntemi

Kaynakça

Skoog D. A., Holler F. J., Nieman T. A., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 5th Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 849s, 1998 (Çeviri: Kılıç E., Köseoğlu F., Yılmaz H., Bilim Yayıncılık, Ankara)
Ferraro J. R., Nakamoto K., Brown C. W., “Introductory Raman Spectroscopy” 2nd Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 434s, 2003
McMillan P. F., Hofmeister, A. M., “Infrared and Raman spectroscopy” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (F. C. Hawthorne, editor), Chapter 4, Reviews in Mineralogy, 18 (1), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C., 99-159, 1988
Nasdala L., Smith D. C., Kaindl R., Gaft M., Ziemann M. A., “Raman spectroscopy: Analytical perspectives in mineralogical research” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy (A. Beran and E. Libowitzky, editors), Chapter 7, EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Vol. 6, Eötvös University Press, Budapest, 281-344, 2004
Zoroğlu O., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Behavior of amphiboles in the determination of magma zoning using confocal Raman spectrometry: Beypazarı Oymaağaç granitoid-Ankara Turkey” The Second International Conference on Geo-Resources in The Middle East and North Africa (GRMENA-2), February 24-28, Proceedings, 110-111 s, Cairo, Egypt, 2007
Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksindeki Granatların Raman Konfokal Spektroskopik Karakteristikleri” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 614-615 s, Ankara, 2009
Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Raman Spektroskopisinin Mineralojide Kullanımı: Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi, Orta Anadolu” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 14 s, Ankara, 2009
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Orta Anadolu’daki Farklı Turmalinlerin Konfokal Raman Spektrometrisi ile Tanımlanması” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 630-631 s, Ankara, 2009
Akçe M. A., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksinin Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Kristalen Karmaşığındaki Zamansal ve Mekansal Konumu” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 240s, Ankara, 2010
Deniz K., “Buzlukdağı (Kırşehir) Alkali Magmatik Kayaçların Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Konfokal Raman Spektrometresi ile İncelenmesi” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 138s, Ankara, 2010
Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Zoroğlu O., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Yıldırım B., “Differentiation of Ophiolitic and Nonophiolitic Gabbros using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy: Central Anatolia Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (3), 1133 s, 2011
Üstündağ İ., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Üstündağ Z., “Raman Spektrometresiyle Jeolojik Örneklerin Karakterizasyonu” Uluslararası Katılımlı XII. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 18-22 Mayıs, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 167 s, Antalya, 2011
Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Kılıç C. O., “Petrology and Raman Characterization of Leucitites within the Ultrapotassic Rocks: Afyon, NW Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (5), 974 s, 2013
Koralay T., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Jiang S. Y., “Determination of Tourmaline Composition in Pegmatite From Buldan, Denizli (Western Anatolia, Turkey) Using XRD, XRF, and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy” Spectroscopy Letters, 46, 499-506, 2013
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Use of tourmaline as a potential petrogenetic indicator in the determination of host magma: CRS, XRD and PED-XRF methods” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 183, 68-74, 2017
Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Deniz K., “Raman Characteristics of Gücünkaya (Aksaray) Gabbroic Rocks, Central Anatolia-Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 475-482, Bulgaria, 2019
Kadıoğlu Y. K., Deniz K., Koralay T., Güllü B. “Nature of The Gabbro in Central Anatolia: Geological Observation and Spectroscopic Applications, Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 377-384, Bulgaria, 2019
Koralay T., Ören U., “Determination of spectroscopic features and gemstone potential of garnet crystals from the Çamköy region (Aydın - SW Turkey) using XRPD, XRF, Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, EPMA and gemological test methods” Periodico di Mineralogia, 89 (2), 105-123, 2020
URL–1, (2020) Karacan M. S., “Enstrümental Analiz” Ders Notları, Gazi Üniv. Fen Fak. Kimya Böl., [PDF belgesi]. http://w3.gazi.edu.tr/~mkaracan/enstrumental.pdf (20.07.2020)
Gündüz T., “İnstrümental Analiz” 5. Baskı, Gazi Büro Kitabevi, Ankara, 607s, 1999
Stone N., Kendall C., Shepherd N., Crow P., Barr H., “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 33 (7), 564-573, 2002
Çulha M., “Tıbbi Sorunlara Nanoteknoloji Destekli Spektroskopik Çözümler” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 15 s, Ankara, 2009
White S. N., Kirkwood W. J., Sherman A. D., Brown M. O., Henthorn R., Salamy K. A., Walz P. M., Peltzer E. T., Brewer P. G., “Development and deployment of a precision underwater positioning system for in situ laser Raman spectroscopy in the deep ocean” Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 52 (12), 2376-2389, 2005
Haskin L. A., Wang A., Rockow K. M., Jolliff B. L., Korotev R. L., Viskupic K. M. “Raman spectroscopy for mineral identification and quantification for in situ planetary surface analysis: a point count method” Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 102 (E8), 19293-19306, 1997
Freeman J. J., Wang A., Kuebler K. E., Haskin L. A., “Raman spectroscopic characterization of the feldspars - implications for in situ surface mineral characterization in planetary exploration” The 34th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 17-21, Proceedings, #1676, League City, Texas, 2003
Rull Pérez F., Martinez-Frias J., “Raman spectroscopy goes to Mars” Spectroscopy Europa, 18 (1), 18-21, 2006
Smith E., Dent G., “Modern Raman Spectroscopy – A Practical Approach” John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 210s, 2005
Das R. S., Agrawal Y. K., “Raman spectroscopy: Recent advancements, techniques and applications” Vibrational Spectroscopy, 57 (2), 163-176, 2011
Prieto B., Seaward M. R. D., Edwards H. G. M., Rivas T., Silva B. “An Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopic study of gypsum neoformation by lichens growing on granitic rocks” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 55 (1), 211-217, 1999
Thomas R., “Determination of water contents in granite melt inclusions by confocal laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 85 (5), 868-872, 2000
Thomas R., “Determination of the H3BO3 concentration in fluid and melt inclusions in granite pegmatites by laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 87 (1), 56-68, 2002
Santosh M., Tanaka K., Yoshimura Y., “Carbonic fluid inclusions in ultrahigh-temperature granitoids from southern India” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337 (3), 327-335, 2005
Müller A., Thomas R., Wiedenbeck M., Seltmann R., Breiter, K., “Water content of granitic melts from Cornwall and Erzgebirge: A Raman spectroscopy study of melt inclusions” European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (4), 429-440, 2006
Mishra B., Saravanan C. S., Bhattacharya A., Goon A., Mahato S., Bernhardt H. J., “Implications of super dense carbonic and hypersaline fluid inclusions in granites from the Ranchi area, Chottanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India” Gondwana Research, 11 (4), 504-515, 2007
Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Stojančeska S., “Minerals from Macedonia XIII: Vibrational spectra of some commonly appearing nesosilicate minerals” Journal of Molecular Structure, 744-747, 79-92, 2005
Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Kaitner B., “Minerals from Macedonia. XXIV. Spectra-structure characterization of tectosilicates. Journal of Molecular Structure” Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-926, 413-419, 2009
Jovanovski G., Makreski P., Kaitner B., Boev B., “Silicate Minerals from Macedonia. Complementary Use of Vibrational Spectroscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction for Identification and Detection Purposes” Croatica Chemica Acta, 82 (2), 363-386, 2009
Hofmeister A. M., Chopelas A., “Vibrational Spectroscopy of End-Member Silicate Garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17 (6), 503-526, 1991
Mingsheng P., Mao H. K., Dien L., Chao E. C. T., “Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals” Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 13 (2), 176-183, 1994
Kolesov B. A., Geiger C. A., “Raman spectra of silicate garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25 (2), 142-151, 1998
Moroz T., Ragozin A., Salikhov D., Belikova G., Puchkov V., Kagi H., “Micro-Raman spectra of ugrandite garnet” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 436-439, 2009
Bersani D., Andò S., Vignola P., Moltifiori G., Marino I.-G., Lottici P. P., Diella V., “Micro-Raman spectroscopy as a routine tool for garnet analysis” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 484-491, 2009
Tlili A., Smith D. C., Beny J.-M., Boyer H., “A Raman microprobe study of natural micas” Mineralogical Magazine, 53 (370), 165-179, 1989
McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the trioctahedral mica phlogopite” American Mineralogist, 84 (5-6), 970-976, 1999
McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the dioctahedral mica: 2M1 muscovite” American Mineralogist, 84 (7-8), 1041-1048. 1999
Wang A., Freeman J., Kuebler K. E. “Raman spectroscopic characterization of phyllosilicates” The 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 11-15, Proceedings, #1374, League City, Texas, 2002
Gasharova B., Mihailova B., Konstantinov, L., “Raman spectra on various types of tourmaline” European Journal of Mineralogy, 9 (5), 935-940, 1997
McKeown D. A., “Raman spectroscopy, vibrational analysis, and heating of buergerite tourmaline” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35 (5), 259-270, 2008
Hoang L. H., Hien N. T. M., Chen X. B., Minh N. V., Yang I. S., “Raman spectroscopic study various types of tourmalines” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42 (6), 1442-1446, 2011
Kuebler K., Wang A., Freeman J. J., Jolliff B. L., “Database of Raman mineral spectra for planetary surface exploration” The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 13-17, Proceedings, #1907, League City, Texas, 2006
Best M. G., “Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology” 2nd Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 729s, 2003
Dempster T. J., “Garnet zoning and metamorphism of the Barrovian Type Area, Scotland” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (1), 30-38, 1985
Snelling A. A., “Regional Metamorphism within a Creationist Framework: What Garnet Compositions Reveal” Answers in Depth, 5, 198-208, 2010

Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Mühendislik
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Musa Avni Akçe 0000-0002-9180-7015 Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu 0000-0002-7894-2220
Yayımlanma Tarihi	4 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi	5 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA	Akçe, M. A., & Kadıoğlu, Y. K. (2020). Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(2), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678
AMA	Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK. Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. Aralık 2020;9(2):99-115. doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.778678
Chicago	Akçe, Musa Avni, ve Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu. “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri Ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 99-115. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
EndNote	Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK (01 Aralık 2020) Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9 2 99–115.
IEEE	M. A. Akçe ve Y. K. Kadıoğlu, “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 99–115, 2020, doi: 10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
ISNAD	Akçe, Musa Avni - Kadıoğlu, Yusuf Kagan. “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri Ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9/2 (Aralık 2020), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
JAMA	Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK. Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2020;9:99–115.
MLA	Akçe, Musa Avni ve Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu. “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri Ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 99-115, doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
Vancouver	Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK. Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2020;9(2):99-115.