Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2020, , 99 - 115, 04.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678

Öz

The detailed nomenclature and descriptions of the minerals can be made with the aid of a polarizing microscope on the thin section and by powdering with the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. In both methods, minerals are damaged and require serious knowledge and experience. In Raman spectroscopy without any destruction of the sample, the spectra formed as a result of differences in the wavelength of the scattered light compared to the wavelength of the light that interacts with the molecule by being sent on the mineral can reflect the identity of the mineral. The spectra, which consist of the molecular composition difference of each mineral, can also reflect the changes of the measured mineral. Furthermore, in addition to mineral naming, fresh and altered mineral differences are also distinguished by this method. In this study, Raman spectroscopic definitions of plagioclase, orthoclase, anorthoclase, biotite, phlogopite and garnet minerals were made using the Raman spectroscopy method and comments were made on the origin of the rock from which they were formed. Thus, the determination of the types of minerals by non-destructive analysis method has been demonstrated with examples.

Kaynakça

  • Skoog D. A., Holler F. J., Nieman T. A., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 5th Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 849s, 1998 (Çeviri: Kılıç E., Köseoğlu F., Yılmaz H., Bilim Yayıncılık, Ankara)
  • Ferraro J. R., Nakamoto K., Brown C. W., “Introductory Raman Spectroscopy” 2nd Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 434s, 2003
  • McMillan P. F., Hofmeister, A. M., “Infrared and Raman spectroscopy” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (F. C. Hawthorne, editor), Chapter 4, Reviews in Mineralogy, 18 (1), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C., 99-159, 1988
  • Nasdala L., Smith D. C., Kaindl R., Gaft M., Ziemann M. A., “Raman spectroscopy: Analytical perspectives in mineralogical research” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy (A. Beran and E. Libowitzky, editors), Chapter 7, EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Vol. 6, Eötvös University Press, Budapest, 281-344, 2004
  • Zoroğlu O., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Behavior of amphiboles in the determination of magma zoning using confocal Raman spectrometry: Beypazarı Oymaağaç granitoid-Ankara Turkey” The Second International Conference on Geo-Resources in The Middle East and North Africa (GRMENA-2), February 24-28, Proceedings, 110-111 s, Cairo, Egypt, 2007
  • Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksindeki Granatların Raman Konfokal Spektroskopik Karakteristikleri” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 614-615 s, Ankara, 2009
  • Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Raman Spektroskopisinin Mineralojide Kullanımı: Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi, Orta Anadolu” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 14 s, Ankara, 2009
  • Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Orta Anadolu’daki Farklı Turmalinlerin Konfokal Raman Spektrometrisi ile Tanımlanması” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 630-631 s, Ankara, 2009
  • Akçe M. A., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksinin Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Kristalen Karmaşığındaki Zamansal ve Mekansal Konumu” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 240s, Ankara, 2010
  • Deniz K., “Buzlukdağı (Kırşehir) Alkali Magmatik Kayaçların Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Konfokal Raman Spektrometresi ile İncelenmesi” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 138s, Ankara, 2010
  • Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Zoroğlu O., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Yıldırım B., “Differentiation of Ophiolitic and Nonophiolitic Gabbros using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy: Central Anatolia Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (3), 1133 s, 2011
  • Üstündağ İ., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Üstündağ Z., “Raman Spektrometresiyle Jeolojik Örneklerin Karakterizasyonu” Uluslararası Katılımlı XII. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 18-22 Mayıs, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 167 s, Antalya, 2011
  • Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Kılıç C. O., “Petrology and Raman Characterization of Leucitites within the Ultrapotassic Rocks: Afyon, NW Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (5), 974 s, 2013
  • Koralay T., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Jiang S. Y., “Determination of Tourmaline Composition in Pegmatite From Buldan, Denizli (Western Anatolia, Turkey) Using XRD, XRF, and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy” Spectroscopy Letters, 46, 499-506, 2013
  • Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Use of tourmaline as a potential petrogenetic indicator in the determination of host magma: CRS, XRD and PED-XRF methods” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 183, 68-74, 2017
  • Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Deniz K., “Raman Characteristics of Gücünkaya (Aksaray) Gabbroic Rocks, Central Anatolia-Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 475-482, Bulgaria, 2019
  • Kadıoğlu Y. K., Deniz K., Koralay T., Güllü B. “Nature of The Gabbro in Central Anatolia: Geological Observation and Spectroscopic Applications, Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 377-384, Bulgaria, 2019
  • Koralay T., Ören U., “Determination of spectroscopic features and gemstone potential of garnet crystals from the Çamköy region (Aydın - SW Turkey) using XRPD, XRF, Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, EPMA and gemological test methods” Periodico di Mineralogia, 89 (2), 105-123, 2020
  • URL–1, (2020) Karacan M. S., “Enstrümental Analiz” Ders Notları, Gazi Üniv. Fen Fak. Kimya Böl., [PDF belgesi]. http://w3.gazi.edu.tr/~mkaracan/enstrumental.pdf (20.07.2020)
  • Gündüz T., “İnstrümental Analiz” 5. Baskı, Gazi Büro Kitabevi, Ankara, 607s, 1999
  • Stone N., Kendall C., Shepherd N., Crow P., Barr H., “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 33 (7), 564-573, 2002
  • Çulha M., “Tıbbi Sorunlara Nanoteknoloji Destekli Spektroskopik Çözümler” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 15 s, Ankara, 2009
  • White S. N., Kirkwood W. J., Sherman A. D., Brown M. O., Henthorn R., Salamy K. A., Walz P. M., Peltzer E. T., Brewer P. G., “Development and deployment of a precision underwater positioning system for in situ laser Raman spectroscopy in the deep ocean” Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 52 (12), 2376-2389, 2005
  • Haskin L. A., Wang A., Rockow K. M., Jolliff B. L., Korotev R. L., Viskupic K. M. “Raman spectroscopy for mineral identification and quantification for in situ planetary surface analysis: a point count method” Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 102 (E8), 19293-19306, 1997
  • Freeman J. J., Wang A., Kuebler K. E., Haskin L. A., “Raman spectroscopic characterization of the feldspars - implications for in situ surface mineral characterization in planetary exploration” The 34th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 17-21, Proceedings, #1676, League City, Texas, 2003
  • Rull Pérez F., Martinez-Frias J., “Raman spectroscopy goes to Mars” Spectroscopy Europa, 18 (1), 18-21, 2006
  • Smith E., Dent G., “Modern Raman Spectroscopy – A Practical Approach” John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 210s, 2005
  • Das R. S., Agrawal Y. K., “Raman spectroscopy: Recent advancements, techniques and applications” Vibrational Spectroscopy, 57 (2), 163-176, 2011
  • Prieto B., Seaward M. R. D., Edwards H. G. M., Rivas T., Silva B. “An Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopic study of gypsum neoformation by lichens growing on granitic rocks” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 55 (1), 211-217, 1999
  • Thomas R., “Determination of water contents in granite melt inclusions by confocal laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 85 (5), 868-872, 2000
  • Thomas R., “Determination of the H3BO3 concentration in fluid and melt inclusions in granite pegmatites by laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 87 (1), 56-68, 2002
  • Santosh M., Tanaka K., Yoshimura Y., “Carbonic fluid inclusions in ultrahigh-temperature granitoids from southern India” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337 (3), 327-335, 2005
  • Müller A., Thomas R., Wiedenbeck M., Seltmann R., Breiter, K., “Water content of granitic melts from Cornwall and Erzgebirge: A Raman spectroscopy study of melt inclusions” European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (4), 429-440, 2006
  • Mishra B., Saravanan C. S., Bhattacharya A., Goon A., Mahato S., Bernhardt H. J., “Implications of super dense carbonic and hypersaline fluid inclusions in granites from the Ranchi area, Chottanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India” Gondwana Research, 11 (4), 504-515, 2007
  • Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Stojančeska S., “Minerals from Macedonia XIII: Vibrational spectra of some commonly appearing nesosilicate minerals” Journal of Molecular Structure, 744-747, 79-92, 2005
  • Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Kaitner B., “Minerals from Macedonia. XXIV. Spectra-structure characterization of tectosilicates. Journal of Molecular Structure” Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-926, 413-419, 2009
  • Jovanovski G., Makreski P., Kaitner B., Boev B., “Silicate Minerals from Macedonia. Complementary Use of Vibrational Spectroscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction for Identification and Detection Purposes” Croatica Chemica Acta, 82 (2), 363-386, 2009
  • Hofmeister A. M., Chopelas A., “Vibrational Spectroscopy of End-Member Silicate Garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17 (6), 503-526, 1991
  • Mingsheng P., Mao H. K., Dien L., Chao E. C. T., “Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals” Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 13 (2), 176-183, 1994
  • Kolesov B. A., Geiger C. A., “Raman spectra of silicate garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25 (2), 142-151, 1998
  • Moroz T., Ragozin A., Salikhov D., Belikova G., Puchkov V., Kagi H., “Micro-Raman spectra of ugrandite garnet” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 436-439, 2009
  • Bersani D., Andò S., Vignola P., Moltifiori G., Marino I.-G., Lottici P. P., Diella V., “Micro-Raman spectroscopy as a routine tool for garnet analysis” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 484-491, 2009
  • Tlili A., Smith D. C., Beny J.-M., Boyer H., “A Raman microprobe study of natural micas” Mineralogical Magazine, 53 (370), 165-179, 1989
  • McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the trioctahedral mica phlogopite” American Mineralogist, 84 (5-6), 970-976, 1999
  • McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the dioctahedral mica: 2M1 muscovite” American Mineralogist, 84 (7-8), 1041-1048. 1999
  • Wang A., Freeman J., Kuebler K. E. “Raman spectroscopic characterization of phyllosilicates” The 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 11-15, Proceedings, #1374, League City, Texas, 2002
  • Gasharova B., Mihailova B., Konstantinov, L., “Raman spectra on various types of tourmaline” European Journal of Mineralogy, 9 (5), 935-940, 1997
  • McKeown D. A., “Raman spectroscopy, vibrational analysis, and heating of buergerite tourmaline” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35 (5), 259-270, 2008
  • Hoang L. H., Hien N. T. M., Chen X. B., Minh N. V., Yang I. S., “Raman spectroscopic study various types of tourmalines” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42 (6), 1442-1446, 2011
  • Kuebler K., Wang A., Freeman J. J., Jolliff B. L., “Database of Raman mineral spectra for planetary surface exploration” The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 13-17, Proceedings, #1907, League City, Texas, 2006
  • Best M. G., “Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology” 2nd Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 729s, 2003
  • Dempster T. J., “Garnet zoning and metamorphism of the Barrovian Type Area, Scotland” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (1), 30-38, 1985
  • Snelling A. A., “Regional Metamorphism within a Creationist Framework: What Garnet Compositions Reveal” Answers in Depth, 5, 198-208, 2010

Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması

Yıl 2020, , 99 - 115, 04.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678

Öz

Minerallerin ayrıntılı olarak adlandırmaları ve tanımlamaları ince kesit üzerinde polarizan mikroskop yardımı ile ve toz hale getirilerek X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD) yöntemi ile yapılabilmektedir. Her iki yöntemde mineraller üzerinde tahribat yapılmakta ve ciddi bir bilgi birikimi ve deneyim gerektirmektedir. Raman spektroskopisinde örnek üzerinde herhangi bir tahribat yapmadan, mineral üzerine gönderilerek molekül ile etkileşime giren ışığın dalga boyuna göre saçılan ışığın dalga boyundaki farklar sonucu oluşan spektrumlar, mineralin kimliğini yansıtabilmektedir. Her mineralin moleküler bileşim farklılığından oluşan spektrumlar yardımıyla mineral içerisindeki değişimler ölçülebilmektedir. Böylece mineral adlandırmanın yanında taze ve bozunmuş mineral farklılıkları da bu yöntem ile ayırt edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Raman spektroskopi yöntemini kullanarak plajiyoklaz, ortoklaz, anortoklaz, biyotit, filogopit ve granat minerallerinin Raman spektroskopik tanımlanmaları yapılmış ve oluştukları kayanın kökeni hakkında yorumlar yapılmıştır. Böylece minerallerin tahribatsız analiz yöntemi ile türlerinin tespiti örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Skoog D. A., Holler F. J., Nieman T. A., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 5th Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 849s, 1998 (Çeviri: Kılıç E., Köseoğlu F., Yılmaz H., Bilim Yayıncılık, Ankara)
  • Ferraro J. R., Nakamoto K., Brown C. W., “Introductory Raman Spectroscopy” 2nd Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 434s, 2003
  • McMillan P. F., Hofmeister, A. M., “Infrared and Raman spectroscopy” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (F. C. Hawthorne, editor), Chapter 4, Reviews in Mineralogy, 18 (1), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C., 99-159, 1988
  • Nasdala L., Smith D. C., Kaindl R., Gaft M., Ziemann M. A., “Raman spectroscopy: Analytical perspectives in mineralogical research” In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy (A. Beran and E. Libowitzky, editors), Chapter 7, EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Vol. 6, Eötvös University Press, Budapest, 281-344, 2004
  • Zoroğlu O., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Behavior of amphiboles in the determination of magma zoning using confocal Raman spectrometry: Beypazarı Oymaağaç granitoid-Ankara Turkey” The Second International Conference on Geo-Resources in The Middle East and North Africa (GRMENA-2), February 24-28, Proceedings, 110-111 s, Cairo, Egypt, 2007
  • Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksindeki Granatların Raman Konfokal Spektroskopik Karakteristikleri” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 614-615 s, Ankara, 2009
  • Akçe M. A., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Raman Spektroskopisinin Mineralojide Kullanımı: Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksi, Orta Anadolu” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 14 s, Ankara, 2009
  • Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Orta Anadolu’daki Farklı Turmalinlerin Konfokal Raman Spektrometrisi ile Tanımlanması” 62. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 13-17 Nisan, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 630-631 s, Ankara, 2009
  • Akçe M. A., “Yozgat İntrüzif Kompleksinin Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Kristalen Karmaşığındaki Zamansal ve Mekansal Konumu” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 240s, Ankara, 2010
  • Deniz K., “Buzlukdağı (Kırşehir) Alkali Magmatik Kayaçların Jeolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Konfokal Raman Spektrometresi ile İncelenmesi” Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 138s, Ankara, 2010
  • Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Zoroğlu O., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Yıldırım B., “Differentiation of Ophiolitic and Nonophiolitic Gabbros using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy: Central Anatolia Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (3), 1133 s, 2011
  • Üstündağ İ., Akçe M. A., Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Üstündağ Z., “Raman Spektrometresiyle Jeolojik Örneklerin Karakterizasyonu” Uluslararası Katılımlı XII. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 18-22 Mayıs, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 167 s, Antalya, 2011
  • Deniz K., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Güllü B., Akçe M. A., Kılıç C. O., “Petrology and Raman Characterization of Leucitites within the Ultrapotassic Rocks: Afyon, NW Turkey” Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (5), 974 s, 2013
  • Koralay T., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Jiang S. Y., “Determination of Tourmaline Composition in Pegmatite From Buldan, Denizli (Western Anatolia, Turkey) Using XRD, XRF, and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy” Spectroscopy Letters, 46, 499-506, 2013
  • Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., “Use of tourmaline as a potential petrogenetic indicator in the determination of host magma: CRS, XRD and PED-XRF methods” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 183, 68-74, 2017
  • Güllü B., Kadıoğlu Y. K., Koralay T., Deniz K., “Raman Characteristics of Gücünkaya (Aksaray) Gabbroic Rocks, Central Anatolia-Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 475-482, Bulgaria, 2019
  • Kadıoğlu Y. K., Deniz K., Koralay T., Güllü B. “Nature of The Gabbro in Central Anatolia: Geological Observation and Spectroscopic Applications, Turkey” 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, 30 June - 6 July, Proceedings, Vol. 19, 377-384, Bulgaria, 2019
  • Koralay T., Ören U., “Determination of spectroscopic features and gemstone potential of garnet crystals from the Çamköy region (Aydın - SW Turkey) using XRPD, XRF, Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, EPMA and gemological test methods” Periodico di Mineralogia, 89 (2), 105-123, 2020
  • URL–1, (2020) Karacan M. S., “Enstrümental Analiz” Ders Notları, Gazi Üniv. Fen Fak. Kimya Böl., [PDF belgesi]. http://w3.gazi.edu.tr/~mkaracan/enstrumental.pdf (20.07.2020)
  • Gündüz T., “İnstrümental Analiz” 5. Baskı, Gazi Büro Kitabevi, Ankara, 607s, 1999
  • Stone N., Kendall C., Shepherd N., Crow P., Barr H., “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 33 (7), 564-573, 2002
  • Çulha M., “Tıbbi Sorunlara Nanoteknoloji Destekli Spektroskopik Çözümler” XI. Ulusal Spektroskopi Kongresi 23-26 Haziran, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 15 s, Ankara, 2009
  • White S. N., Kirkwood W. J., Sherman A. D., Brown M. O., Henthorn R., Salamy K. A., Walz P. M., Peltzer E. T., Brewer P. G., “Development and deployment of a precision underwater positioning system for in situ laser Raman spectroscopy in the deep ocean” Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 52 (12), 2376-2389, 2005
  • Haskin L. A., Wang A., Rockow K. M., Jolliff B. L., Korotev R. L., Viskupic K. M. “Raman spectroscopy for mineral identification and quantification for in situ planetary surface analysis: a point count method” Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 102 (E8), 19293-19306, 1997
  • Freeman J. J., Wang A., Kuebler K. E., Haskin L. A., “Raman spectroscopic characterization of the feldspars - implications for in situ surface mineral characterization in planetary exploration” The 34th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 17-21, Proceedings, #1676, League City, Texas, 2003
  • Rull Pérez F., Martinez-Frias J., “Raman spectroscopy goes to Mars” Spectroscopy Europa, 18 (1), 18-21, 2006
  • Smith E., Dent G., “Modern Raman Spectroscopy – A Practical Approach” John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 210s, 2005
  • Das R. S., Agrawal Y. K., “Raman spectroscopy: Recent advancements, techniques and applications” Vibrational Spectroscopy, 57 (2), 163-176, 2011
  • Prieto B., Seaward M. R. D., Edwards H. G. M., Rivas T., Silva B. “An Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopic study of gypsum neoformation by lichens growing on granitic rocks” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 55 (1), 211-217, 1999
  • Thomas R., “Determination of water contents in granite melt inclusions by confocal laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 85 (5), 868-872, 2000
  • Thomas R., “Determination of the H3BO3 concentration in fluid and melt inclusions in granite pegmatites by laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy” American Mineralogist, 87 (1), 56-68, 2002
  • Santosh M., Tanaka K., Yoshimura Y., “Carbonic fluid inclusions in ultrahigh-temperature granitoids from southern India” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337 (3), 327-335, 2005
  • Müller A., Thomas R., Wiedenbeck M., Seltmann R., Breiter, K., “Water content of granitic melts from Cornwall and Erzgebirge: A Raman spectroscopy study of melt inclusions” European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (4), 429-440, 2006
  • Mishra B., Saravanan C. S., Bhattacharya A., Goon A., Mahato S., Bernhardt H. J., “Implications of super dense carbonic and hypersaline fluid inclusions in granites from the Ranchi area, Chottanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India” Gondwana Research, 11 (4), 504-515, 2007
  • Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Stojančeska S., “Minerals from Macedonia XIII: Vibrational spectra of some commonly appearing nesosilicate minerals” Journal of Molecular Structure, 744-747, 79-92, 2005
  • Makreski P., Jovanovski G., Kaitner B., “Minerals from Macedonia. XXIV. Spectra-structure characterization of tectosilicates. Journal of Molecular Structure” Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-926, 413-419, 2009
  • Jovanovski G., Makreski P., Kaitner B., Boev B., “Silicate Minerals from Macedonia. Complementary Use of Vibrational Spectroscopy and X-ray Powder Diffraction for Identification and Detection Purposes” Croatica Chemica Acta, 82 (2), 363-386, 2009
  • Hofmeister A. M., Chopelas A., “Vibrational Spectroscopy of End-Member Silicate Garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17 (6), 503-526, 1991
  • Mingsheng P., Mao H. K., Dien L., Chao E. C. T., “Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals” Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 13 (2), 176-183, 1994
  • Kolesov B. A., Geiger C. A., “Raman spectra of silicate garnets” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25 (2), 142-151, 1998
  • Moroz T., Ragozin A., Salikhov D., Belikova G., Puchkov V., Kagi H., “Micro-Raman spectra of ugrandite garnet” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 436-439, 2009
  • Bersani D., Andò S., Vignola P., Moltifiori G., Marino I.-G., Lottici P. P., Diella V., “Micro-Raman spectroscopy as a routine tool for garnet analysis” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73 (3), 484-491, 2009
  • Tlili A., Smith D. C., Beny J.-M., Boyer H., “A Raman microprobe study of natural micas” Mineralogical Magazine, 53 (370), 165-179, 1989
  • McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the trioctahedral mica phlogopite” American Mineralogist, 84 (5-6), 970-976, 1999
  • McKeown D. A., Bell M. I., Etz E. S., “Vibrational analysis of the dioctahedral mica: 2M1 muscovite” American Mineralogist, 84 (7-8), 1041-1048. 1999
  • Wang A., Freeman J., Kuebler K. E. “Raman spectroscopic characterization of phyllosilicates” The 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 11-15, Proceedings, #1374, League City, Texas, 2002
  • Gasharova B., Mihailova B., Konstantinov, L., “Raman spectra on various types of tourmaline” European Journal of Mineralogy, 9 (5), 935-940, 1997
  • McKeown D. A., “Raman spectroscopy, vibrational analysis, and heating of buergerite tourmaline” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35 (5), 259-270, 2008
  • Hoang L. H., Hien N. T. M., Chen X. B., Minh N. V., Yang I. S., “Raman spectroscopic study various types of tourmalines” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 42 (6), 1442-1446, 2011
  • Kuebler K., Wang A., Freeman J. J., Jolliff B. L., “Database of Raman mineral spectra for planetary surface exploration” The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 13-17, Proceedings, #1907, League City, Texas, 2006
  • Best M. G., “Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology” 2nd Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 729s, 2003
  • Dempster T. J., “Garnet zoning and metamorphism of the Barrovian Type Area, Scotland” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (1), 30-38, 1985
  • Snelling A. A., “Regional Metamorphism within a Creationist Framework: What Garnet Compositions Reveal” Answers in Depth, 5, 198-208, 2010
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Musa Avni Akçe 0000-0002-9180-7015

Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu 0000-0002-7894-2220

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi 5 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Akçe, M. A., & Kadıoğlu, Y. K. (2020). Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(2), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678
AMA Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK. Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. Aralık 2020;9(2):99-115. doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.778678
Chicago Akçe, Musa Avni, ve Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu. “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri Ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 99-115. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
EndNote Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK (01 Aralık 2020) Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9 2 99–115.
IEEE M. A. Akçe ve Y. K. Kadıoğlu, “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”, Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 99–115, 2020, doi: 10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
ISNAD Akçe, Musa Avni - Kadıoğlu, Yusuf Kagan. “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri Ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 9/2 (Aralık 2020), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
JAMA Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK. Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2020;9:99–115.
MLA Akçe, Musa Avni ve Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu. “Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri Ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması”. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 99-115, doi:10.17100/nevbiltek.778678.
Vancouver Akçe MA, Kadıoğlu YK. Raman Spektroskopisinin İlkeleri ve Mineral Tanımlamalarında Kullanılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2020;9(2):99-115.

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