Hristiyan demokrasi nedir?

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 905 - 922, 27.06.2025

Görkem Birinci

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1622537

Abstract

Günümüzde bir ideoloji ya da öğreti olarak Hıristiyan demokrasiyle ilişkilendirilen siyasal partilerin Batı Avrupa’da on dokuzuncu yüzyılın son çeyreği ve yirminci yüzyılın ilk yarısında kurulan Katolik partilerin çağdaş tezahürleri olması, bu siyasal harekete dinsel-kültürel bir boyut kazandırmaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle Hıristiyan demokrasinin teorik dayanaklarını genel olarak Katolisizmden özelde de Katolisizmin siyasal ve toplumsal boyutlarından ayrı değerlendirebilmek olanaklı değildir. Nitekim Katolik Kilisesi daima sadece inanç konularında değil, inançlıların siyasal ve toplumsal meseleler hakkında nasıl düşünmeleri gerektiği konusunda da bağlayıcı açıklamalar yapan merkezi bir kurum olmuştur. Hıristiyan demokrasinin mahiyetini onun teorik ve teolojik dayanaklarıyla ilgisinde ele alan bu çalışmada Hıristiyan demokrasinin temel ilkeleri ya da ana temaları beş ana başlık altında incelenmiştir. Bunlar sırasıyla anti-materyalizm, personalizm, yetki ikamesi (subsidiarity) ilkesi, sosyal piyasa ekonomisi ve demokrasidir. Bununla birlikte bu ana temalarla bağlantılı olarak başka bazı önemli kavramlara -makale formatının gerekli kıldığı kısıtlar nedeniyle- özet şeklinde de olsa yer verilmiştir. Bu kavramlar arasında ise, devlet ve toplum, (dağıtıcı) adalet ve insan hakları, çoğulculuk, otorite ve hiyerarşi, dayanışmacılık ve refah devleti sayılabilir.

Keywords

Katolisizm , Personalizm , Anti-Materyalizm , Sosyal Kapitalizm , Hristiyan Demokrasi

What is christian democracy?

Abstract

The fact that the political parties associated with Christian democracy as an ideology or doctrine today are contemporary manifestations of the Catholic parties founded in Western Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century gives this political movement a religious-cultural dimension. In other words, it is not possible to evaluate the theoretical foundations of Christian democracy apart from the political and social dimensions of Catholicism in general and Catholicism in particular. Indeed, the Catholic Church has always been a central institution that makes binding statements not only on matters of faith but also on how believers should think about political and social issues. In this study, which examines the nature of Christian democracy in relation to its theoretical and theological foundations, the basic principles or main themes of Christian democracy are analyzed under five main headings. These are anti-materialism, personalism, subsidiarity, social market economy and democracy. However, some other important concepts related to these main themes are also included, albeit in a summarized form due to the constraints imposed by the article format. These include state and society, (distributive) justice and human rights, pluralism, authority and hierarchy, solidarism and the welfare state.

Keywords

Christian democracy , Catholicism , Personalism , Anti-materialism , Social capitalism

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