Year 2025,
Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1584 - 1605, 29.09.2025
Yakup Yıldırım
,
Binnur Yıldırım Hacıibrahimoğlu
References
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Delibalta, B., & Taşdelen Teker, G. (2024). Türkiye’de öz-düzenlemeli öğrenmeyle ilgili yürütülen tezlerde genel eğilimler. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 7(1), 171-201. http://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1349043
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Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of fostering self-regulated learning among students: A meta-analysis on intervention studies at primary and secondary school level. Metacognition and Learning, 3(3), 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9029-x
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Eid, M., Geiser, C., Koch, T., & Heene, M. (2017). Anomalous results in G-factor models: Explanations and alternatives. Psychological methods, 22(3), 541-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/met0000083
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Elma, Y. E., & Ertürk Kara, H. G. (2024). Okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenlerinin öz düzenleme becerilerini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 7(2), 563-580. http://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1419375
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Okul öncesi öğretmenleri için Öz-Düzenleyici Öğrenme ve Öğretim Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması
Year 2025,
Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1584 - 1605, 29.09.2025
Yakup Yıldırım
,
Binnur Yıldırım Hacıibrahimoğlu
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Bai ve Li (2024) tarafından geliştirilen "Okul Öncesi Öğretmenleri için Öz-Düzenleyici Öğrenme ve Öğretim Ölçeği”nin Türkçeye uyarlanmasını amaçlamış ve ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini gerçekleştirmiştir. Öz-düzenleme becerileri, bireylerin öğrenme süreçlerini etkin şekilde yönetmesini sağlarken eğitimde kritik bir rol oynar. Özellikle okul öncesi eğitimde, öğretmenlerin bu becerilere sahip olması, çocukların yaşam boyu öğrenme kapasitelerini olumlu yönde etkileyebilir. Araştırma sürecinde veri, Türkiye’deki 234 okul öncesi öğretmeninden toplanmış ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile ölçeğin geçerli bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Modellik uyumu değerlendirildiğinde hem DFA hem de ikinci düzey DFA sonuçları, ölçeğin altı faktörlü yapısını desteklemiştir. Geçerlik ve güvenilirlik analizlerinde McDonald Omega katsayısının yüksek bulunması, ölçeğin genel ve alt boyutlarının tutarlılığını doğrulamıştır. Çalışma, yalnızca söz konusu ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanmasıyla sınırlı kalmayıp, öz-düzenleme becerilerinin Türkiye bağlamında eğitim politikalarına ve öğretmen yetiştirme programlarına entegrasyonu için önemli bir temel sunmaktadır. Bu ölçeğin, öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerini ve sınıf yönetim süreçlerini destekleyecek stratejiler geliştirmeye katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, öz-düzenleme becerilerinin ölçülmesine yönelik çalışmalara ve öğretmen eğitimine önemli bir kaynak oluşturacak niteliktedir.
Ethical Statement
Araştırma için gerekli etik kurul onayı, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’nun 10.09.2024 tarih ve 17-379 sayılı kararı ile alınmıştır.
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Bai, B., & Li, J. (2025). Preschool teachers’ professional well-being, emotion regulation, and professional identity:A multi-level latent profile approach. Teaching and Teacher Education, 157, 104965 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.104965
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Bembenutty, H., White, M. C., & Vélez, M. R. (2015). Developing self-regulation of learning and teaching skills among teacher candidates. Springer.
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Boekaerts, M., & Corno, L. (2005). Self-regulation in the classroom: A perspective on assessment and intervention. Applied Psychology, 54(2), 199–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00205.x
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Çapık, C., Gözüm, S., & Aksayan, S. (2018). Kültürlerarası ölçek uyarlama aşamaları, dil ve kültür uyarlaması: Güncellenmiş rehber. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 26(3), 199-210.
-
Delibalta, B., & Taşdelen Teker, G. (2024). Türkiye’de öz-düzenlemeli öğrenmeyle ilgili yürütülen tezlerde genel eğilimler. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 7(1), 171-201. http://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1349043
-
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-
Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of fostering self-regulated learning among students: A meta-analysis on intervention studies at primary and secondary school level. Metacognition and Learning, 3(3), 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9029-x
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-
Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046
-
Efklides, A. (2011). Interactions of metacognition with motivation and affect in self-regulated learning: The MASRL model. Educational Psychologist, 46(1), 6-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2011.538645
-
Eid, M., Geiser, C., Koch, T., & Heene, M. (2017). Anomalous results in G-factor models: Explanations and alternatives. Psychological methods, 22(3), 541-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/met0000083
-
Elma, Y. E., & Ertürk Kara, H. G. (2024). Okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenlerinin öz düzenleme becerilerini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 7(2), 563-580. http://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.1419375
-
Ertürk, C., & Şentürk, Ş. (2024). Lise Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Öz-Düzenleme Becerileri İle Kariyer Kaygısı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Primary Education, 9(2), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.52797/tujped.1519981
-
Fındık Tanrıbuyurdu, E. (2012). Okul Öncesi Öz-Düzenleme Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
-
Flora, D. B., & Curran, P. J. (2004). An Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Estimation for Confirmatory Factor Analysis With Ordinal Data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466–491. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.9.4.466
-
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
-
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2022). How to design and evaluate research in education (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
-
Gülay Ogelman, H., Sarac, S., & Özbilen, A. E. (2023). Okul Öncesinde Sosyal Becerilerin Öğrenmede Öz Düzenleme Düzeyini Yordayici Etkisi. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Social Sciences Journal, 9(2), 1-11.
-
Hadwin, A., & Oshige, M. (2011). Self-Regulation, Coregulation, and Socially Shared Regulation: Exploring Perspectives of Social in Self-Regulated Learning Theory. Teachers College Record, 113(2), 240-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811111300204
-
Hadwin, A., Järvelä, S., & Miller, M. (2018). Self-regulation, co-regulation, and shared regulation in collaborative learning environments. In D. Schunk & J. A. Greene (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (2nd ed., pp. 83-106). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048
-
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Boston: Cengage.
-
Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1–13.
-
Hayes, A. F., & Coutts, J. J. (2020). Use omega rather than Cronbach’s alpha for estimating reliability. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2020.1718629
-
Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
-
Karasar, N. (2024). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (39. baskı). Nobel Yayıncılık.
-
Kinay, İ. & Çelikten-Demirel, S. (2023). Öğrenme ve Öğretme Sürecinde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme, C. Şentürk (Ed.), Kuramdan Uygulamaya Öğrenme ve Öğretme Süreci içinde (1. Baskı, ss. 411-437). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
-
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th Ed). Guilford Press.
-
Kurt, Ş. H. (2020). Okul öncesi eğitim alan çocukların öz-düzenleme gelişiminin öğretmen ve okul öncesi eğitimle ilişkisi [Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
-
Kuru, N. (2023). Emotion coaching practice with whole school approach “emotionally friendly kindergarten transformation program” process analysis. Journal of Educatıon and Learning, 12(2), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v12n2p106
-
Latva-aho, J., Näykki, P., Pyykkönen, S., Laitinen-Väänänen, S., Hirsto, L., & Veermans, M. (2024). Pre-service teachers’ ways of understanding, observing, and supporting self-regulated learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 149, 104719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104719
-
Li, CH. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behav Res, 48, 936–949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
-
Li, J.& Bai, B., (2025). Self-regulated learning and technological integration competency: A multilevel latent profile analysis of preschool teachers. Computer & Education, 232, 105295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105295
-
Öngören, S. (2023). Supporting self-regulation in the preschool period: A case study of teachers’ practices. Turkish Journal of Education, 12(4), 182-200. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.1228285
-
Panadero, E. (2017). A review of self-regulated learning: Six models and four directions for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422
-
Perry, N. E., Phillips, L., & Hutchinson, L. (2006). Mentoring student teachers to support self-regulated learning. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1086/501485
-
Pino-Pasternak, D., Whitebread, D., & Tolmie, A. (2010). A Multidimensional Analysis of Parent–Child Interactions During Academic Tasks and Their Relationships With Children’s Self-Regulated Learning. Cognition and Instruction, 28(3), 219–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2010.490494
-
Rodriguez, A., Steven P. Reise, S. P. & Mark G. Haviland, M. G. (2015). Applying Bifactor Statistical Indices in the Evaluation of Psychological Measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1089249
-
Rogat, T. K., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2011). Socially shared regulation in collaborative groups: An analysis of the interplay between quality of social regulation and group processes. Cognition and Instruction, 29(4), 375–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2011.607930
-
Saylan Kırmızıgül A., Kızkapan O., & Tanık Önal N., (2022). Öz-düzenlemeli öğrenmenin uygulanmasına ilişkin öğretmen öz-yeterlik ölçeği’nin türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Öğretmen adayları örneklemi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/Journal of Higher Education and Science, 12(2), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.1068025
-
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social-cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
-
Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (1998). Self-regulated learning: From teaching to self-reflective practice. Guilford Press.
-
Shi, W., & Zheng, Y. (2025). Exploring the impact of sense of work gain on kindergarten teachers’ work performance: The mediating role of organizational commitment and the moderating influence of supportive leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1515054. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1515054
-
Smith-Donald, R., Raver, C. C., Hayes, T., & Richardson, B. (2007). Preliminary construct and concurrent validity of the Preschool Self-regulation Assessment (PSRA) for field-based research. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 22(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2007.01.002
-
Sonal, E. N. (2021). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin öz düzenleyerek öğrenmeyi destekleme pratikleri ve çocukların öz düzenleyerek öğrenme düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi.
-
Tutkun, C. (2024). Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Öz Düzenleme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 13(2), 478-488. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1338342
-
Ural, G., Gültekin Akduman, G., & Şepitci Sarıbaş, M. (2020). Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Öz Düzenleme Becerilerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(83), 323-342.
-
VanderStoep, S. W., Pintrich, P. R., & Fagerlin, A. (1996). Disciplinary differences in self-regulated learning in college students. Contemporary educational psychology, 21(4), 345-362.
-
Yılmaz Çam, B., Tonga Çabuk, F. E., & Tantekin Erden, F. (2023). The Relationship between Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers’ Self-Compassion and Self-Regulation: The Moderating Effect of Mindfulness. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(3), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1292858
-
Yılmaz, H. (2016). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin öz-düzenleme düzeyleri ile kullandıkları öğretim uygulamaları düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
-
Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2
-
Zimmerman, B. J. (2013). From cognitive modeling to self-regulation: A social cognitive career path. Educational Psychologist, 48(3), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2013.794676
-
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2013). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives. Routledge.
Turkish adaptation of the self-regulated learning and teaching scale for preschool teachers
Year 2025,
Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1584 - 1605, 29.09.2025
Yakup Yıldırım
,
Binnur Yıldırım Hacıibrahimoğlu
Abstract
This study aimed to adapt Bai and Li’s (2024) "Self-Regulated Learning and Teaching Scale for Preschool Teachers" into Turkish and conduct validity and reliability analyses of the scale. Self-regulation skills play a critical role in enabling individuals to effectively manage their learning processes. Particularly in early childhood education, teachers possessing these skills can positively influence children's lifelong learning capacities. Data for this research were collected from 234 preschool teachers in Turkey, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the scale had a valid structure. The model fit assessments showed that both CFA and second-order CFA supported the original six-factor structure of the scale. The high McDonald’s Omega coefficients further confirmed the consistency and reliability of both the general and subscale dimensions. This study not only focused on adapting the scale into Turkish but also highlighted the potential for integrating self-regulation skills into education policies and teacher training programs in Turkey. It is suggested that this scale can contribute to the professional development of teachers and support the development of strategies for classroom management. The findings provide a valuable foundation for studies measuring self-regulation skills and for enhancing teacher education.
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-
Hadwin, A., & Oshige, M. (2011). Self-Regulation, Coregulation, and Socially Shared Regulation: Exploring Perspectives of Social in Self-Regulated Learning Theory. Teachers College Record, 113(2), 240-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811111300204
-
Hadwin, A., Järvelä, S., & Miller, M. (2018). Self-regulation, co-regulation, and shared regulation in collaborative learning environments. In D. Schunk & J. A. Greene (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (2nd ed., pp. 83-106). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048
-
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Boston: Cengage.
-
Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1–13.
-
Hayes, A. F., & Coutts, J. J. (2020). Use omega rather than Cronbach’s alpha for estimating reliability. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2020.1718629
-
Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
-
Karasar, N. (2024). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (39. baskı). Nobel Yayıncılık.
-
Kinay, İ. & Çelikten-Demirel, S. (2023). Öğrenme ve Öğretme Sürecinde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme, C. Şentürk (Ed.), Kuramdan Uygulamaya Öğrenme ve Öğretme Süreci içinde (1. Baskı, ss. 411-437). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
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-
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-
Kuru, N. (2023). Emotion coaching practice with whole school approach “emotionally friendly kindergarten transformation program” process analysis. Journal of Educatıon and Learning, 12(2), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v12n2p106
-
Latva-aho, J., Näykki, P., Pyykkönen, S., Laitinen-Väänänen, S., Hirsto, L., & Veermans, M. (2024). Pre-service teachers’ ways of understanding, observing, and supporting self-regulated learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 149, 104719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104719
-
Li, CH. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behav Res, 48, 936–949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
-
Li, J.& Bai, B., (2025). Self-regulated learning and technological integration competency: A multilevel latent profile analysis of preschool teachers. Computer & Education, 232, 105295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105295
-
Öngören, S. (2023). Supporting self-regulation in the preschool period: A case study of teachers’ practices. Turkish Journal of Education, 12(4), 182-200. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.1228285
-
Panadero, E. (2017). A review of self-regulated learning: Six models and four directions for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422
-
Perry, N. E., Phillips, L., & Hutchinson, L. (2006). Mentoring student teachers to support self-regulated learning. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1086/501485
-
Pino-Pasternak, D., Whitebread, D., & Tolmie, A. (2010). A Multidimensional Analysis of Parent–Child Interactions During Academic Tasks and Their Relationships With Children’s Self-Regulated Learning. Cognition and Instruction, 28(3), 219–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2010.490494
-
Rodriguez, A., Steven P. Reise, S. P. & Mark G. Haviland, M. G. (2015). Applying Bifactor Statistical Indices in the Evaluation of Psychological Measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1089249
-
Rogat, T. K., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2011). Socially shared regulation in collaborative groups: An analysis of the interplay between quality of social regulation and group processes. Cognition and Instruction, 29(4), 375–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2011.607930
-
Saylan Kırmızıgül A., Kızkapan O., & Tanık Önal N., (2022). Öz-düzenlemeli öğrenmenin uygulanmasına ilişkin öğretmen öz-yeterlik ölçeği’nin türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Öğretmen adayları örneklemi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/Journal of Higher Education and Science, 12(2), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.1068025
-
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social-cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
-
Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (1998). Self-regulated learning: From teaching to self-reflective practice. Guilford Press.
-
Shi, W., & Zheng, Y. (2025). Exploring the impact of sense of work gain on kindergarten teachers’ work performance: The mediating role of organizational commitment and the moderating influence of supportive leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1515054. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1515054
-
Smith-Donald, R., Raver, C. C., Hayes, T., & Richardson, B. (2007). Preliminary construct and concurrent validity of the Preschool Self-regulation Assessment (PSRA) for field-based research. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 22(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2007.01.002
-
Sonal, E. N. (2021). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin öz düzenleyerek öğrenmeyi destekleme pratikleri ve çocukların öz düzenleyerek öğrenme düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi.
-
Tutkun, C. (2024). Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Öz Düzenleme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 13(2), 478-488. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1338342
-
Ural, G., Gültekin Akduman, G., & Şepitci Sarıbaş, M. (2020). Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Öz Düzenleme Becerilerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(83), 323-342.
-
VanderStoep, S. W., Pintrich, P. R., & Fagerlin, A. (1996). Disciplinary differences in self-regulated learning in college students. Contemporary educational psychology, 21(4), 345-362.
-
Yılmaz Çam, B., Tonga Çabuk, F. E., & Tantekin Erden, F. (2023). The Relationship between Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers’ Self-Compassion and Self-Regulation: The Moderating Effect of Mindfulness. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(3), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1292858
-
Yılmaz, H. (2016). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin öz-düzenleme düzeyleri ile kullandıkları öğretim uygulamaları düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
-
Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2
-
Zimmerman, B. J. (2013). From cognitive modeling to self-regulation: A social cognitive career path. Educational Psychologist, 48(3), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2013.794676
-
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2013). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives. Routledge.