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Sükût her zaman ikrardan gelmez! Sessizlik: Toplumsal, felsefi ve iletişimsel bir fenomen

Year 2025, Issue: 15, 146 - 159, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Sessizlik olgusu, literatürde genellikle örgütsel bağlamda ele alınsa da, bu çalışma sessizliği sosyoloji, felsefe ve iletişim bilimleri perspektiflerinden hareketle çok boyutlu bir fenomen olarak değerlendirmektedir. Bu konu sosyolojik çalışmaların ihmal ettiği bir zemin olması nedeniyle disiplinler arası bir yaklaşım benimseyerek sessizliğin bireysel ve toplumsal düzeydeki işlevlerini analiz etmekte ve farklı kuramsal çerçevelerle anlamlandırmaktadır. Araştırmada, literatür taraması ve kuramsal analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak sessizliğin sosyolojik, felsefi ve iletişim bilimleri bağlamındaki kavramsal ve işlevsel boyutları incelenmiştir. Sosyolojik açıdan sessizlik, toplumsal normlar, iktidar ilişkileri ve kolektif bilinç ile şekillenen bir olgu olup, bazen uyum sağlama aracı, bazen de direniş biçimi olarak işlev görmektedir. Felsefi bağlamda, Wittgenstein, Heidegger ve Levinas gibi düşünürlerin yaklaşımları doğrultusunda, sessizlik hakikatin ve etik sorumluluğun bir aracı olarak ele alınmıştır. İletişim bilimleri perspektifinden bakıldığında ise, sessizlik yalnızca sözsüz bir iletişim biçimi yahut ikrar aracı değil, aynı zamanda stratejik bir anlatım aracı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Özellikle Suskunluk Sarmalı Kuramı gibi iletişim kuramları bağlamında sessizlik, toplumsal ve bireysel iletişim dinamiklerinde belirleyici bir unsur olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, sessizlik, toplumsal yapıları şekillendiren, bireyin varoluşsal anlamını derinleştiren ve iletişim süreçlerinde etkin bir rol oynayan dinamik bir olgu olarak ele alınmıştır. Sessizlik, toplumsal bir tipoloji olarak toplumsalın 'görünmeyen' düzlemini görmemize imkân sunabilir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, sessizliğin disiplinler arası önemini ortaya koyarak, gelecekteki araştırmalara kuramsal bir zemin sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text (S. Heath, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1983). In the shadow of the silent majorities, or, the end of the social and other essays. Semiotext(e), Inc.
  • Becker, H. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. The Free Press.
  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Anchor Books.
  • Bergo, B. (2021). Emmanuel Levinas. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu
  • Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.
  • Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (2009). Identity theory. Oxford University Press.
  • Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking. Crown Publishing Group.
  • Critchley, S. (2002). Ethics, politics, subjectivity: Essays on Derrida, Levinas, and contemporary French thought. Verso.
  • Çakıcı, A. (2007). Örgütlerde sessizlik: Sessizliğin teorik temelleri ve dinamikleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 145-162.
  • Dural, A. B. (2010). Antonio Gramsci ve hegemonya. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 20, 1-15.
  • Durkheim, É. (1964). The division of labor in society (G. Simpson, Trans.). Free Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge (A. M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1976). The history of sexuality: Volume 1. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Volume 1: An introduction. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977 (C. Gordon, Ed.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (s. 208-226) içinde. University of Chicago Press.
  • Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). Continuum.
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Prentice Hall.
  • Gergen, K. J. (1999). An invitation to social construction. SAGE Publications.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Eds. & Trans.). International Publishers.
  • Gudykunst, W. B., & Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication. SAGE Publications.
  • Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. Doubleday.
  • Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Anchor Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (1927/1996). Being and time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). State University of New York Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (2013). The question concerning technology and other essays (W. Lovitt, Trans.). Harper Perennial Modern Thought.
  • Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. Pantheon Books.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
  • Hooks, B. (1989). Talking back: Thinking feminist, thinking black. South End Press.
  • Husserl, E. (1931/1982). Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Jaworski, A. (1993). The power of silence: Social and pragmatic perspectives. SAGE Publications.
  • Jaworski, A. (1997). Silence: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Delacorte.
  • Levinas, E. (1961/1969). Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority (A. Lingis, Trans.). Duquesne University Press.
  • Marion, J.-L. (2003). The erotic phenomenon. University of Chicago Press.
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1970). The German ideology (C. J. Arthur, Ed.). International Publishers.
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945/2012). Phenomenology of perception. Routledge.
  • Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
  • Nakane, C. (1970). Japanese society. University of California Press.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43-51.
  • Oxford English Dictionary. (2023). Silence. Oxford University Press.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. Routledge.
  • Rossing, T. D., Wheeler, P. A., & Moore, R. F. (2002). The science of sound (3rd ed.). Addison Wesley.
  • Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. Yale University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (s. 271–313) içinde. University of Illinois Press.
  • Tan, M. (2021). Modernite, gürültü ve sessizlik: Sosyolojik bir eleştiri. Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi, 2(2), 107-118.
  • Tannen, D. (1985). Silence: Anything but. D. Tannen & M. Saville-Troike (Eds.), Perspectives on silence (s. 93-111) içinde. Ablex Publishing.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (n.d.). Sessizlik. Erişim adresi(12 Ocak 2025): www.tdk.gov.tr
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1922/2015). Tractatus logico-philosophicus (D. F. Pears & B. F. McGuinness, Trans.). Routledge.

Silence does not always imply contest! Silence: A Social, philosophical and communicative phenomenon

Year 2025, Issue: 15, 146 - 159, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Although the phenomenon of silence is generally addressed in the literature within an organizational context, this study evaluates silence as a multidimensional phenomenon from the perspectives of sociology, philosophy, and communication sciences. Given that this subject represents a largely neglected area in sociological studies, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted to analyze the functions of silence on both individual and societal levels, interpreting it through various theoretical frameworks. Through literature review and theoretical analysis methods, the conceptual and functional dimensions of silence are examined within the contexts of sociology, philosophy, and communication sciences. From a sociological perspective, silence is a phenomenon shaped by social norms, power relations, and collective consciousness, serving at times as a means of conformity and at other times as a form of resistance. In the philosophical context, and drawing on the approaches of thinkers such as Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and Levinas, silence is considered a medium of truth and ethical responsibility. From the perspective of communication sciences, silence is not only seen as a form of non-verbal communication or an act of tacit acknowledgment but also as a strategic means of expression. Particularly within the context of communication theories such as the Spiral of Silence Theory, silence emerges as a determining factor in both social and individual communication dynamics.In conclusion, silence is treated as a dynamic phenomenon that shapes social structures, deepens the existential meaning of the individual, and plays an active role in communication processes. As a social typology, silence can offer us a way to perceive the 'invisible' dimension of the social. This study, therefore, aims to reveal the interdisciplinary significance of silence and provide a theoretical foundation for future research.

References

  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text (S. Heath, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1983). In the shadow of the silent majorities, or, the end of the social and other essays. Semiotext(e), Inc.
  • Becker, H. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. The Free Press.
  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Anchor Books.
  • Bergo, B. (2021). Emmanuel Levinas. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu
  • Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.
  • Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (2009). Identity theory. Oxford University Press.
  • Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking. Crown Publishing Group.
  • Critchley, S. (2002). Ethics, politics, subjectivity: Essays on Derrida, Levinas, and contemporary French thought. Verso.
  • Çakıcı, A. (2007). Örgütlerde sessizlik: Sessizliğin teorik temelleri ve dinamikleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 145-162.
  • Dural, A. B. (2010). Antonio Gramsci ve hegemonya. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 20, 1-15.
  • Durkheim, É. (1964). The division of labor in society (G. Simpson, Trans.). Free Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge (A. M. Sheridan Smith, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1976). The history of sexuality: Volume 1. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Volume 1: An introduction. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977 (C. Gordon, Ed.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (s. 208-226) içinde. University of Chicago Press.
  • Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). Continuum.
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Prentice Hall.
  • Gergen, K. J. (1999). An invitation to social construction. SAGE Publications.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Eds. & Trans.). International Publishers.
  • Gudykunst, W. B., & Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication. SAGE Publications.
  • Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. Doubleday.
  • Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Anchor Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (1927/1996). Being and time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). State University of New York Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (2013). The question concerning technology and other essays (W. Lovitt, Trans.). Harper Perennial Modern Thought.
  • Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. Pantheon Books.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
  • Hooks, B. (1989). Talking back: Thinking feminist, thinking black. South End Press.
  • Husserl, E. (1931/1982). Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Jaworski, A. (1993). The power of silence: Social and pragmatic perspectives. SAGE Publications.
  • Jaworski, A. (1997). Silence: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Delacorte.
  • Levinas, E. (1961/1969). Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority (A. Lingis, Trans.). Duquesne University Press.
  • Marion, J.-L. (2003). The erotic phenomenon. University of Chicago Press.
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1970). The German ideology (C. J. Arthur, Ed.). International Publishers.
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945/2012). Phenomenology of perception. Routledge.
  • Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
  • Nakane, C. (1970). Japanese society. University of California Press.
  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43-51.
  • Oxford English Dictionary. (2023). Silence. Oxford University Press.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. Routledge.
  • Rossing, T. D., Wheeler, P. A., & Moore, R. F. (2002). The science of sound (3rd ed.). Addison Wesley.
  • Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. Yale University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (s. 271–313) içinde. University of Illinois Press.
  • Tan, M. (2021). Modernite, gürültü ve sessizlik: Sosyolojik bir eleştiri. Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi, 2(2), 107-118.
  • Tannen, D. (1985). Silence: Anything but. D. Tannen & M. Saville-Troike (Eds.), Perspectives on silence (s. 93-111) içinde. Ablex Publishing.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (n.d.). Sessizlik. Erişim adresi(12 Ocak 2025): www.tdk.gov.tr
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1922/2015). Tractatus logico-philosophicus (D. F. Pears & B. F. McGuinness, Trans.). Routledge.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nurgül Ergül 0000-0002-9473-1474

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 11, 2025
Acceptance Date April 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Ergül, N. (2025). Sükût her zaman ikrardan gelmez! Sessizlik: Toplumsal, felsefi ve iletişimsel bir fenomen. NOSYON: Uluslararası Toplum Ve Kültür Çalışmaları Dergisi(15), 146-159.