Dēw/Demons are one of the creatures that appear a lot in myths and are mentioned a lot. Dēws are often depicted as massive, fearsome, powerful and humanoid tangible beings. They are sometimes described as “xul”, fear, delusion, and abstract beings. Iranian nations, especially before Zoroastrianism, believed in Dēws as representations of goodness, gods and goddesses. Along with Zoroastrianism, Dēws were considered representatives of Ahriman. Sometimes they are called with special names, sometimes they are called with a general name “Dēw”. In addition, many beings with the same characteristics but called by different names such as fairy, witch, dragon are also mentioned. While these beings were considered as representations and manifestations of Dēws in many studies, this idea was strongly supported by examples in this study. All of these definitions, namings, beliefs and descriptions about Dēws and more have been transferred in Kurdish Folklore and have survived to the present day. In this study, we discussed Dēws and their relations with magic, their manifestations, types and representations within the framework of Kurdish Folklore. The main basis of this study is Kurdish and Iranian myths. However, the main source of our work is the Avesta book, which is considered the holy book of Zoroastrianism. In addition, many other works in this field have formed the bibliography of our study. Our study consists of two main titles. While our first title is about Dēws in general, our second title is about representations of Dēws such as Fairy, Witch, “Kula Stûbizengil”, “Elk”, “Meyreman”, “Xapxapok”, “Reşê Şevê”, “Rotê Şevê”, “Dêlegur”, “Gurê Manco”, “Xermexozan”, “Psîka Girnexok”, “Gornepaş”, “Zibên” and “Sibat”. In our study, along with the necessary explanations and definitions about these beings, many examples of how and in what context they are mentioned in Kurdish folk narratives are also shared. As a general conclusion, we can say that Dēws and their manifestations, whether with the name Dēw or with different names, have been very vividly transferred to the present day in Kurdish folklore and without much meaning shift.
Di nav mîtan de mexlûqateke herî berbiçav û pir tê qalkirin, dêw e. Dêw bi piranî weku mexlûqatên şênber ên gir, tirsnak, bihêz û weku mirovan tên şayesandin. Carinan jî ne weku mexlûqeke şênber lê weku xul, saw, xof, hîseke razber hatine pênasekirin. Xisûsen di nav miletên Îranî de berî Zerdeştiyê heyînên baş û heta Xwedavend dihatin hebandin û digel Zerdeştiyê ew hevalkar û temsîlkarên Ehrîmen hatin pênasekirin. Carinan bi navên taybet hatine binavkirin û carinan weku temsîleke giştî bi navê “Dêw” hatine binavkirin. Herwiha bi gelek navên cuda di heman xisûsîyetê de qala mexlûqên weku perî, pîra cadû, elk, hût hwd. tê kirin ku hem di gelek lêkolînan de weku form û tezahurên dêwan hatine qebûlkirin hem jî di lêkolîna me de ev yek bi awayekî zelal hat destnîşankirin. Ev nav û nûçik, bawerî, pênase û şayesandinên kevnar û mîtîk di nav folklora Kurdî da jî bi awayekî xurt hatiye veguhastin û heya roja me hatine. Me di vê xebatê de di nav çarçoveya folklora Kurdî de lêkolîna dêw û peywendîya wan a bi sêhrê re, tezahurên wan, cureyên wan û temsîlên wan kir. Palpişta vê lêkolînê mîta KurdoÎranî ye ku çavkanîya sereke kitêba pîroz a Zerdeştiyê Avesta ye. Helbet gelek xebat û berawirdkariyên ku di wî warî de hatine kirin jî bûne palpişta xebata me. Xebata me li ser du çiqan pêk hatiye ku yek jê rasterast weku mexlûqatek dêw in. Çiqa duyem jî form û tezahurên dêwan ên bi navê Perî, Pîra Cadû, Kula Stûbizengil, Elk, Meyreman, Xapxapok, Reşê Şevê, Rotê Şevê, Dêlegur, Gurê Manco, Xermexozan, Psîka Girnexok, Gornepaş, Zibên, Sibat, Kabûs û hwd. in. Ev mexlûqat di vê xebatê de hem hatine tesnîfkirin û ravekirin hem jî di nav folklora Kurdî de çawa û di çi peywendê de hatibin pênasekirin, bizarkirin û şayesandin bi nimûneyên xwe hatine nîşandan. Weku encameke sereke pir bi eşkere xuya bû ku dêw û formên dêwan çi bi navê xwe û çi jî bi nav û nûçikên cuda di nav folklora Kurdî de bi awayekî pir zindî hatine veguhastin û gihiştine roja me.
Primary Language | Kurdi |
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Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 30, 2022 |
Published in Issue | Year 2022 |
Nûbihar Akademî Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.