Article Preparation

Language: Kurdish, English, Turkish, Persian, Arabic
The language of the journal is Kurdish, English, Turkish, Persian and Arabic.

Article Types: Research article, translation article, book review
However, we advise the authors to be as concise as possible for the dissemination of the work.

Article Format: A4
Image Format: JPEG Minimum 300 dpi
Citation Style: APA 6.

Author Change: Only processed before the article is accepted. Authors are required to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the final author list at the time of original submission.

Format and Spelling
1. The manuscript should be written in Microsoft Word to make the layout and page layout faster and easier.
2. Articles should be written in Times New Roman font and 12-point font. Line spacing is 1.5 pt. If special fonts are used, their files should also be sent.
3. Research articles should not exceed 30 pages with notes and references, and thesis introductions, book reviews and short articles should not exceed 10 pages.
4. Figures, photographs, graphs and tables should be numbered and their numbers should be shown when needed in the article. Their titles should be written under their captions and if they are cited elsewhere, their references should be indicated in the footnote.
5. Unless there is a special case, examples should be given in alphabetical order:
Example:
German, Japanese, Kurdish, Turkish.
Amediye, Diyarbakır, Malatya, Istanbul, Van...

Article Plan
The article planning is as follows in order: Title of the article, author's name, abstract, keywords, text of the article, bibliography and extended abstract.

Title
• Titles;
• In Kurdish articles, Kurdish + English
• In English articles, English + Kurdish
• Turkish, Persian and Arabic articles should be written in the language of the article + English + Kurdish.
• The title of the article should be parallel to the purpose and framework.
• Titles should use a maximum of 14 words.
• In Kurdish articles, Kurdish titles should be written in the dialect in which the article is written, and in other articles in a dialect preferred by the author.
• Titles should be in black and bold, 14-point font, and the first letter of the words should be capitalized except for conjunctions.

Author's Name
• Author's name and surname should be written under the title of the article.
• Author's Name | ORCID | E-Mail, University Name, Faculty Name, Department Name, City, Country and ROR ID should be written below the article title.

Abstract
• Kurdish articles, Kurdish + English
• In English articles, English + Kurdish
• Turkish, Persian and Arabic articles should be written in the language of the article + English + Kurdish.
• Kurdish abstracts in Kurdish articles should be written in the dialect in which the article is written; Kurdish abstracts in English, Turkish, Persian and Arabic articles should be written in the dialect preferred by the author.
• The abstract should be between 150-200 words.

Keywords
• The keywords of the article should be written at the end of all abstracts in the language in which the abstract is written.
• The word count should be between 5-8.
• Except for the first word and special words, the first letters of the keywords should be written in lower case.
• A comma (,) should be placed between words and a period (.) should be placed at the end of all words.

Text of the Article
• The article should be written in an understandable language, scientific style and objective evaluations.
• The text of the articles should definitely include introduction, conclusion and references sections. Depending on the situation, the research purpose, theoretical framework (literature review), methodology, findings, results, discussion and recommendation sections should also be written independently.

References/Bibliography
The bibliography/bibliography section should be prepared according to the APA system. This system is explained in detail in the "Reference, Citation and Bibliography" section of the publication guide.

Extended Abstract
• The extended abstract should be written in English for Kurdish, Turkish, Persian and Arabic articles.
• The extended abstract should be placed after the bibliography of the article.
• The extended abstract should be 500-750 words.
• Extended abstracts should not include subheadings (introduction, rules, etc.), bibliography references and citations.
• The extended abstract should contain the main idea of the article.
• Extended abstracts should include the introduction, research purpose, theoretical framework (literature review), methodology, findings, conclusions and recommendation sections of the article without using a title.

Citation, Quotation and Bibliography

Source Display Style
1. Articles should be prepared according to the sixth version of the APA (American Psychological Association) Citation System.
2. In the discipline, APA 6 footnote or in-text system, whichever is widely used, may be preferred.
http://www.apastyle.org 
3. If there are any notes, they are numbered in the article and written according to their number in the footnote.
4. The author is responsible for the accuracy and inaccuracy of the sources.

Citation
1- Quotations exceeding 40 words are given in blocks. These quotations should start one tab in from the left side and should be written in 11 pt. without double quotation marks. Quotations of less than 40 words in the text should be given in double quotation marks and in 12-point font.
2- If two authors with the same surname appear in the text, their names are written with their surnames. Example: "As Shahab Vali said ...", "As Abbas Vali said ..."
3- If the original source is not available and the author has quoted it from a second-hand source, the original source is indicated in [] both in the text and in the bibliography.

Bibliography/Bibliography
1- Detailed information about the sources cited in the text of the article is given in the "Bibliography" section at the end of the article, and if necessary, it can be shown in footnotes in the text of the article.
2- The references given in the "References/Bibliography" section should be listed alphabetically according to the surnames of the authors.
3- The bibliography should be prepared according to the system of the sixth version of APA (American Psychological Association, 6th edition).
4- Old authors/poets and names should be written as in the original, not according to the surname system (such as Ahmad-i Khanî, Şerefhan-i Bidlîsî, Hafız-i Şîrazî...)
5- In manuscript works, the date of printing should be written instead of the date of printing. If it is absent or illegible, a note at the end of the source as "manuscript/original work" should suffice.
6- For sources that do not include the date or place of printing in the credits, (no date: ty) or (no place: yy) should be written in parentheses.
7- The names of the cities where the source was published should be written according to the generic spelling.
8- If two or more sources by the same author are used and their publication dates are the same year, they should be coded in alphabetical order. Example: (Eagleton, 2014a) (Eagleton, 2014b).

REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY GUIDE ACCORDING TO THE "APA" SYSTEM

BOOK

Single Author Book

Example:
Ebdulla, N. (2008). Mem û Zîna Ehmedê Xanî. Erbil: Aras.
Ref: (Ebdulla, 2008, r. 13)
Fuad, K. (1970). Kurdische Handschriften. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner.
Ref: (Fuad, 1970, r. 13)
Tek, A. (2018). A Shâir without a Master, a Text without a Father: A Study on Mem û Zîn and its Ottoman Translations. Istanbul: Nûbihar.
Ref: (Tek, 2018, p. 13)
Ülken, H. Z. (1997). The Role of Translation in the Periods of Awakening. Istanbul: Ülken.
Ref: (Ülken, 1997, r. 13)

Book with more than one author

Example:
Alexie, S. & Akif, H. (2001). Ahmedê Khanî: Mem et Zîn. Paris: L'Harmattan.
Ref: (Alexie & Akif, 2001, r.13)
Aslanoglu, O. & Islamoglu, B. & ûyd... (2011). Ferhenga Pirzimanî. Istanbul: Nûbihar.
Ref: (Aslanoğlu & ûyd, 2011, r. 13)
Cindî, H. & Evdal, E. (2008). Folklora Kurmanca. Istanbul: Avesta.
Ref: (Cindî & Evdal, 2008, p. 13)
Malmîsanij & Lewendî, M. (1992). Li Kurdistana Bakur û Li Tirkîyê Rojnamegerîya Kurdî (1908-1992). Ankara, r. Özge.
Ref: (Malmîsanij & Lewendî, 1992, r. 13)
Mosteller, F. & Rourke, R. E. K. & ûyd... (1967). Probability and Statistics. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
Ref: (Mosteller & ûyd, 1967, r. 13)

Edited/Compiled Books (Book whit an Editor)

Example:
Çakmak, Y. & Şur, T. (Eds.) (2018). Portraits from Kurdish History and Politics. Istanbul: İletişim.
Ref: (Çakmak & Şur, 2018, p. 13)
Gündoğdu Yücel, S. & ûyd. (Ed.). (2019). Current Issues in Kurdish Linguistics. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.
Ref: (Gündoğdu Yücel & ûyd, 2019, p. 13)
Halman, T. S. & ûyd. (Ed.). (2006). History of Turkish Literature. Ankara: Ministry of Culture and Tourism Publications.
Ref: (Halman & ûyd, 2006, r. 13)
Subaşı, K & Geyik, R. (Ed.). (2017). Gotarên Zimannasîyê. Istanbul: Nûbihar.
Ref: (Subaşı & Geyik, 2017, p. 13)
Vali, A. (ed.). (2003). Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism. California: Mazda.
Ref: (Vali, 2003, r. 13)

Chapter in an edited book: (Chapter in an edited book)

Example:
Blau, J. (2010). "Written Kurdish Literature." A History of Persian Literature: XVIII. (Ed: Mohsen Ashtiany & Ulrich Marzolph). New York: I. B. Tauris.
Ref: (Blau, 2010, r. 13)
Gündoğdu Yücel, S. (2015). Negation in Kurmanji. Manova, S. (Ed.). Affix Ordering Across Languages and Frameworks, (154-171). London: Oxford University Press.
Ref: (Gündoğdu, 2015, r. 13)
Vali, S. (2017). A Manzum Document on Guran Kurds in the Qajar-Ottoman Wars: Mîrzayê Kerendî's Jeng-name. Özcoşar, İ. & Vali, S. (Eds.). The Ottoman State and the Kurds, (263-291). Istanbul: Kitap.
Ref: (Vali, 2017, r. 13)

e-Book

Example:
Soleimani, K. (2016). Islam and Competing Nationalisms in The Middle East, 1876-1926. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=WP9jDAAAQBAJ&lpg=PR2&dq=editions%3ARfunL12OCAYC&pg=PR5#v=onepage&q&f=false 
Ref: (Soleimani, 2016, r. 13)

Books Written by Corporations (Book whit a corporate author)

Example:
State Institute of Statistics. (2004). Statistical Yearbook of Turkey. Ankara: State Institute of Statistics.
Ref: (State Institute of Statistics, 2004, p. 13)
Ministry of Interior. (1968). Our Villages. Ankara: Başbakanlık Basımevi.
Ref: (Ministry of Interior, 1968, r. 13)
World Health Organization. (2021). COVID-19: Occupational Health and Safety for Health Workers. Geneva: WHO.
Ref: (World Health Organization, 2021, r. 13)

Article
Articles Published in Print Journals (Print Journal Articles)

Example:
Dehqan, M. (2007). A Late Ottoman Turkish Verse Version of Xanî's Mem û Zîn in the Manuscript Collection ot the Islamic Consultative Assembly Library I. Manuscripta Orientalia, vol: 13. (2), 55-58.?
Ref: (Dehqan, 2007, r. 60)
Şerîfî, A. (2015). Muqayeseyek Digel Mesnewîya Kurdî Mem û Zîna Ehmedê Xanî û Leyla û Majnûna Nizamî. (wer: Ayhan Geverî). Nûbihar, 131, 19-24.
Ref: (Şerîfî, 2015, r.19)
Tezcan, N. (2010). Historical Transformation of Masnavi Literature According to the Reasons. Doğu-Batı, 52, 49-74.
Ref: (Tezcan, 2010, r. 60)

Articles Published in Electronic Journals (E-Journal Articles)

Example:
Alsancakli, S. (2016). The Early History of Kurdish Studies (1787-1901), Die Welt Des Islams, 56, 55-88.
Ref: (Alsancakli, 2016, p. 60)
Gündoğdu, S. (2016). Remarks on Vowels and Consonants in Kurmanji. Anemon Muş Alparslan University Journal of Social Sciences, 4, (1), 57-70.
Ref: (Gündoğdu, 2016, r. 60)
Tek, A. (2019). Mourning for Karbala as a Rupture and Reconstruction in Collective Memory, Monograph, 11, http://monografjournal.com/sayilar/11/kollektif-bellekte-kirilma-ve-yeniden-insa-olarak-kerbela-yasi-monograf-11.pdf
Ref: (Tek, 2019)

Encyclopedia

Example:
Kut, G. (2003). Lâmii Çelebi. Encyclopedia of Islam, (27, 96-97). Ankara: Türkîye Dîyanet Foundation.
Ref: (Kut, 2003, r. 96)

Dictionary

Example:
Nisanyan, S. Nisanyan Dictionary: http://www.nisanyansozluk.com 
Ref: (Nişanyan)

Thesis (Theses)

Example:
Ergün, Z. (2012). Di Peydabûna Edebîyata Kurdî ya li Cizîra Botan de Karîgerîya Bajarvanîyê. (Teza Lîsansa Bilind ya Çapnebûyî). Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin.
Ref: (Ergün, 2012, p. 60)
Zeydanlioglu, W. (2007). Kemalism's Others: The Reproduction of Orientalism in Tukey. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge.
Ref: (Zeydanlioglu, 2007, p. 60)

DIGITAL RESOURCES

Independent Sites

Yee, I. H. (2003). Cataloging and metadata education: a proposal for preparing cataloging professionals of the 21st century. wergirtina ji înternetê: June 26, 2005, http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/ 
Ref: (Yee)

Digital Articles

Altun, A. (2003). E-literacy. Journal of National Education, 158. Access Date: January 10, 2003, http://www.meb.gov.tr/index800.htm 
Ref: (Altun, 2003)

Digital Articles from the same Database

Aknem, K. (2005). Approaches to meta-analysis: a guide for LIS researchers. Library & Information Science Research, 27(2),164-176. Database Accessed February 25, 2005, ScienceDirect
Ref: (Aknem, 2005, p. 168)

Digital Presentation

Ergun, C. (2002, December 19-21). Metadata and its use in libraries. Presentation at the VIII. Organized "Internet in Turkey" Conference. Retrieved December 29, 2003, from http://inet-tr.org.tr/inet conf8/bildiri/86.doc 
Ref: (Ergun, 2002, p. 3)

Email Sent to Contact Group

Isik, E. (2003, 5 Mijdar). Plant library. Email sent to the Kutup-L Group, available at http://listproc.metu.edu.tr.9000/reguster/archieves/KUTUPL/kutupl.log200311/msg00008.html.
Ref: (Isik, 2003)

OTHER TYPES OF RESOURCES

Encyclopedia Articles

Ersoy, O. (1973). Paper and Papermaking. In Turkish Encyclopedia (c.21, r. 112-115). Ankara: Ministry of National Education.
Ref: (Ersoy, 1973, r. 113)

Report

Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (1999). Restructuring vocational and technical education in Turkey (Report No: TY/184/1999). Istanbul: Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association.
First Submission
(Turkish Industry and Business Association [TÜSİAD], 1999, p. 32)
Subsequent References
(TÜSİAD, 1999, r. 37

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarize.
• They do not misattribute sources.
• They do not hide objections they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or hide data.

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and actualize the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. Nûbihar Akademî journal adheres to national and international standards on research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Nûbihar Akademî has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). It is also committed to abide by the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Replay
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor sends such an article back without review. The editor may then impose an embargo on the author who has attempted to republish for a certain period of time, make a public announcement in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps in a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors may not submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she reserves the right to consult with the other editor(s) receiving the manuscript. In addition, the editor may return the manuscript without review or reject the manuscript without considering the reviews, or take this decision in discussion with the other editor(s) involved, and may decide not to accept submissions from authors for a certain period of time. It may also write to the authors' employers or take all of these measures together.

Control to Prevent Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, forms or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citing their owners in accordance with scientific rules.
Nûbihar Academy scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. Studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the rules of citation and citation. If the similarity rate appears to be 1%, but the citation and quotation are not done properly, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author:

Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/ denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing and dicing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles that contain possible irregularities or improprieties detected after publication.

Forgery
Producing data that is not based on research, editing or modifying the work presented or published on the basis of untrue data, reporting or publishing them, and presenting a research that has not been conducted as if it has been conducted.
Falsifying research records and data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that do not comply with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the research results in line with the interests of the persons and organizations supported.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Nûbihar Akademî requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.
Addressing Allegations of Research Misconduct
Nûbihar Akademî follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Practice. Nûbihar Akademî editors will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will the editors of Nûbihar Akademî knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of Nûbihar Akademî are aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Ethical Violation Notifications
If readers notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in Nûbihar Academy or have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.), they can send an e-mail to nubiharakademi@gmail.com. We welcome submissions and respond quickly and constructively, as they provide an opportunity for improvement.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the manuscript if there are major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. COPE and ICJME guidelines for correction, retraction or expression of concern are followed.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
Nûbihar Akademî Journal adopts the "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in order to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signing of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review. Then they are examined for compliance with the journal's spelling rules and similarity screening is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they are taken into the peer review process in which the double blind model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Nûbihar Academy treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the article review process, the following people have access to the articles: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only time details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
There are different definitions of scientific misconduct. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis as Nûbihar Akademî follows the guidance established by major publication ethics bodies. If the editor suspects or alleges an ethical violation, they are obliged to take action. This duty extends to both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles raising concerns about possible misconduct. They are ethically obliged to follow up on alleged cases. The editor should follow COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employer or organization to investigate. The editor should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is conducted; if this fails, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to insist on a resolution to the problem. This is a laborious but important task.
.Nûbihar Akademî follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office. Nûbihar Akademî editors will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct have occurred. Under no circumstances will Nûbihar Academy or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. In the event that the editors of Nûbihar Akademî become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.
Reviewers should inform the Editor if they suspect research or publication misconduct. The Editor is responsible for taking necessary action in accordance with COPE recommendations.
Nûbihar Academy is committed to following the COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar issues.
• What to do when republication is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected
• What to do when requesting a change of authorship
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do when unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when directly notified of a suspected ethical violation by e-mail, etc.
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of Nûbihar Akademî or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement and we aim to respond quickly, courteously and constructively.
The complaint must relate to content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of Nûbihar Academy or our editorial team. Complaints should be emailed directly to nubiharakademi@gmail.com and will be treated confidentially. The editor will respond to complaints immediately. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and, if not resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that the complaint be escalated to a more senior member of the journal.
• If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint may be forwarded to the editor-in-chief.
• A full response will be provided within two weeks, if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This will facilitate the resolution of disputes with editors, journals and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious objections to the evaluations made by editors and reviewers. If you feel that we have rejected your paper because we misunderstood its scientific content, please send an appeal message to our editorial team at nubiharakademi@gmail.com. Do not attempt to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If, after reading your appeal letter, we realize that your appeal is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your manuscript. Your paper will then be resubmitted to the external reviewer process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider one appeal per article, so please take the time and effort to write a detailed letter to make your appeal clear - you have one chance, so use it well. We have found that prolonged deliberation over rejected papers is often unsatisfying for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same study.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest occurs when professional judgment about a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that we need to know the competing interests of the authors in order to make the best decision about how to handle an article, and that if we publish the article, readers need to know them too.
Any interest, financial or otherwise, that could cause one to be conflicted in one's work, significantly impair one's objectivity, or give an unfair advantage to any person or organization. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
Nûbihar Academy has a set process for handling submissions from editors, staff or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first referred to other journals. If this is not possible, the author of the submission is suspended from the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about manuscripts written by him/herself or family members. Furthermore, such a paper should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow ICMJE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
Nûbihar Academy observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with ethical rules.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency must be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and possible anticipated uses, and the requirements and risks, if any, of participation in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk.
• Research independence must be clear and explicit; any conflict of interest must be disclosed.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent must be obtained from participants who decide to participate in the research. Consent must be obtained from the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or with a confirmed mental illness.
• If the study will be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization that the study will be conducted.
• In studies with a human element, it should be stated in the "method" section that "informed consent" has been obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval has been obtained from the institution where the study is conducted.