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Year 2015, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 203 - 211, 10.07.2015

Gülçin Güven

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate four-five year-old children’s figure drawing of “man”, “woman” and “self” in terms of their age, gender and socio-economic status variables. The study was designed as a survey model and study group consisted of 1311 children who continued preschool education institutions in Istanbul and Sakarya. Data was collected through “Personal Information Form” and “Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Person Test”. Children’s mean scores of “man”, “woman” and “self” figure drawings regarding their age and gender variables were analyzed by using t-test and SES by using ANOVA. According to the results, it was found that children’s mean scores of “man”, “woman” and “self” figure drawings increased depending on their age, female children’s mean scores of “self” figure drawings were higher than those of male children, and children’s mean score in all sub-tests differed significantly according to their SES and this difference was in favor of high SES children

Keywords

Human Figure Drawing Age Gender

References

  • • Aldridge, J., Lamb, M.E., Sternberg, K.J., Orbach, Y., Esplin, P.W., and Bowler, L., (2004). Using a human figure drawing to elicit information from alleged victims of child sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(2), 304-316.
  • • Amann-Gainotti, M. and Sellaroli, T., (1992). Sexual differentiation in children's drawings of pregnancy. Acta Paedopsychiatrica: International Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(1), 9-13.
  • • Arteche, A., Bandeira, D., and Hutz, C.S., (2010). Draw-a-Person test: The sex of the first-drawn figure revisited. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(1), 65-69.
  • • Barraza, L., (1999). Children's drawings about the environment. Environmental Education Research, 5(1), 49-66.
  • • Behrens, K.Y. and Kaplan, N., (2011). Japanese children's family drawings and their link to attachment. Attachment and human development, 13(5), 437-450.
  • • Brown, E.V., (1990). Developmental characteristics of figure drawings made by boys and girls ages five through eleven. Perceptual and motor skills, 70(1), 279-288.
  • • Burkitt, E., Barrett, M. and Davis, A. (2009). Effects of different emotion terms on the size and colour of children's drawings. International Journal of Art Therapy, 14(2), 74-84.
  • • Chantler, L., Pelco, L., and Mertin, P., (1993). The psychological evaluation of child sexual abuse using the Louisville behavior checklist and human figure drawing. Child abuse and neglect, 17(2), 271-279.
  • • Chappell, P.A., and Steitz, J.A., (1993). Young children's human figure drawings and cognitive development. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76(2), 611-617.
  • • Cherney, I.D., Seiwert, C.S., Dickey, T.M., and Flichtbeil, J.D., (2006). Children’s drawings: A mirror to their minds. Educational Psychology, 26(1), 127-142.
  • • Cox, M.V., Koyasu, M., Hiranuma, H., and Perara, J., (2001). Children's human figure drawings in the UK and Japan: The effects of age, sex and culture.British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19(2), 275-292.
  • • Dickson, J.M., Saylor, C.F. and Finch Jr, A.J., (1990). Personality factors, family structure, and sex of drawn figure on the Draw-a-Person Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1-2), 362-366.
  • • Doğru-Yıldırım, S.S., Turcan, A.İ., Aslan, E. ve Doğru, S., (2006). Çocukların resimlerindeki aileyi tanımlama durumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 223-235.
  • • Edmonds, S.,(2002). Every Story Tells a Picture: The Co-construction of Meaning with Words and Pictures in the Drawings of Young Children (Doctoral thesis), Columbia University, Teachers College, .
  • • Farokhi, M., and Hashemi, M., (2011). The analysis of children's drawings: social, emotional, physical, and psychological aspects. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2219-2224.
  • • Goldner, L. and Scharf, M., (2011). Children's family drawings: A study of attachment, personality, and adjustment. Art Therapy, 28(1), 11-18.
  • • Golomb, C., (2004). The child’s creation of a pictorial world. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
  • • Harris, D.B., (1963). Children's drawings as measures of intellectual maturity: A revision and extension of the Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test. New York: Harcourt College Publication.
  • • Herberholz, B. and Hanson, M., (1990). Early childhood art. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publisher.
  • • Lowenfeld, V. and Brittain, W.L., (1975). Creative and Mental Growth. 6th ed. London: Collier-Macmillan.
  • • Malchiodi, C.A., (2005). Çocukların Resimlerini Anlamak (Çev: Tülin Yurtbay). 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Epsilon.
  • • Matlin, M.W., (2004). The psychology of women. (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth Publishers.
  • • Misalidi, P. and Bonoti, F., (2014). Children's expressive drawing strategies: the effects of mood, age and topic. Early Child Development and Care, 184(6), 882-896.
  • • Oğuz, V., (2010). The factors influencing childrens’ drawings. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3003-3007.
  • • Özer, S., (2009). Turkish children’s human figure drawings: can we borrow norms?. Educational Psychology, 29(6), 701-712.
  • • Paktuna-Keskin, S., (2007). Çocuk Çizimlerindeki Giz: Çöp Çocuk. İstanbul: Boyut Yayınları.
  • • Payne, M.A., (1996). Some effects of sex, age, and household structure on family drawings of Barbadian children. The Journal of social psychology, 136(5), 567-578.
  • • Pianta, R.C. and Longmaid, K., (1999). Attachment-based classifications of children's family drawings: Psychometric properties and relations with children's adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28(2), 244-255.
  • • San, İ., (1979). Sanatsal Yaratma, Çocukta Yaratıcılık. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • • Skybo, T., Ryan-Wenger, N. and Su, Y.H., (2007). Human figure drawings as a measure of children's emotional status: critical review for practice. Journal of pediatric nursing, 22(1), 15-28.
  • • Thomas, G.V. and Silk, A.M.J., (1990). An Introduction to the Psychology of Children’s Drawings. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
  • • Turgeon, S.M., (2008). Sex differences in children’s free drawings and their relationship to 2D: 4D ratio. Personality and individual differences, 45(6), 527-532.
  • • Uçman, P., (1971). Goodenough-Harris Resim Testi ile bir Türk örneklemi üzerinde bir araştırma. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara.
  • • Yalçıntaş-Tarancı, G. ve Darıca, N., (1999). 10-11 yaş grubu özel ve resmi ilköğretim okullarına devam eden kız ve erkek çocukların aile çizimlerinin sosyo-kültürel değişkenler yönünde karşılaştırılması. Çocuk Gelişimi ve Eğitimi Dergisi, 1, 1-9.

4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Year 2015, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 203 - 211, 10.07.2015

Gülçin Güven

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, 4-5 yaş grubu çocukların “adam”, “kadın” ve “kendi” resim çizimlerinin yaş, cinsiyet ve sosyo-ekonomik durum değişkenleri açısından incelenmesidir. Tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, İstanbul ve Sakarya illerindeki resmi ve özel okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 4-5 yaş grubu 1311 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, “Goodenough-Harris Bir İnsan Çiz Testi” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Çocukların “Adam”, “Kadın” ve “Kendi” resim çizimlerine ilişkin puan ortalamalarının yaş ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre farkı Bağımsız Gruplar t Testi, ailenin sosyo-ekonomik durum değişkenine göre farkı Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların “Adam”, “Kadın” ve “Kendi” resim çizimleri puan ortalamalarının yaşa bağlı olarak artış gösterdiği, kız çocukların “Kendi” resim çizimleri puan ortalamalarının erkek çocuklardan daha yüksek olduğu ve çocukların tüm çizim puan ortalamalarının ailenin sosyo-ekonomik durumu değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği ve farklılığın üst sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki çocukların lehine olduğu belirlenmiştir. 

Keywords

İnsan Resmi Çizim Yaş Cinsiyet Sosyo-Ekonomik Durum

References

  • • Aldridge, J., Lamb, M.E., Sternberg, K.J., Orbach, Y., Esplin, P.W., and Bowler, L., (2004). Using a human figure drawing to elicit information from alleged victims of child sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(2), 304-316.
  • • Amann-Gainotti, M. and Sellaroli, T., (1992). Sexual differentiation in children's drawings of pregnancy. Acta Paedopsychiatrica: International Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(1), 9-13.
  • • Arteche, A., Bandeira, D., and Hutz, C.S., (2010). Draw-a-Person test: The sex of the first-drawn figure revisited. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(1), 65-69.
  • • Barraza, L., (1999). Children's drawings about the environment. Environmental Education Research, 5(1), 49-66.
  • • Behrens, K.Y. and Kaplan, N., (2011). Japanese children's family drawings and their link to attachment. Attachment and human development, 13(5), 437-450.
  • • Brown, E.V., (1990). Developmental characteristics of figure drawings made by boys and girls ages five through eleven. Perceptual and motor skills, 70(1), 279-288.
  • • Burkitt, E., Barrett, M. and Davis, A. (2009). Effects of different emotion terms on the size and colour of children's drawings. International Journal of Art Therapy, 14(2), 74-84.
  • • Chantler, L., Pelco, L., and Mertin, P., (1993). The psychological evaluation of child sexual abuse using the Louisville behavior checklist and human figure drawing. Child abuse and neglect, 17(2), 271-279.
  • • Chappell, P.A., and Steitz, J.A., (1993). Young children's human figure drawings and cognitive development. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76(2), 611-617.
  • • Cherney, I.D., Seiwert, C.S., Dickey, T.M., and Flichtbeil, J.D., (2006). Children’s drawings: A mirror to their minds. Educational Psychology, 26(1), 127-142.
  • • Cox, M.V., Koyasu, M., Hiranuma, H., and Perara, J., (2001). Children's human figure drawings in the UK and Japan: The effects of age, sex and culture.British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19(2), 275-292.
  • • Dickson, J.M., Saylor, C.F. and Finch Jr, A.J., (1990). Personality factors, family structure, and sex of drawn figure on the Draw-a-Person Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1-2), 362-366.
  • • Doğru-Yıldırım, S.S., Turcan, A.İ., Aslan, E. ve Doğru, S., (2006). Çocukların resimlerindeki aileyi tanımlama durumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 223-235.
  • • Edmonds, S.,(2002). Every Story Tells a Picture: The Co-construction of Meaning with Words and Pictures in the Drawings of Young Children (Doctoral thesis), Columbia University, Teachers College, .
  • • Farokhi, M., and Hashemi, M., (2011). The analysis of children's drawings: social, emotional, physical, and psychological aspects. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2219-2224.
  • • Goldner, L. and Scharf, M., (2011). Children's family drawings: A study of attachment, personality, and adjustment. Art Therapy, 28(1), 11-18.
  • • Golomb, C., (2004). The child’s creation of a pictorial world. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
  • • Harris, D.B., (1963). Children's drawings as measures of intellectual maturity: A revision and extension of the Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test. New York: Harcourt College Publication.
  • • Herberholz, B. and Hanson, M., (1990). Early childhood art. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publisher.
  • • Lowenfeld, V. and Brittain, W.L., (1975). Creative and Mental Growth. 6th ed. London: Collier-Macmillan.
  • • Malchiodi, C.A., (2005). Çocukların Resimlerini Anlamak (Çev: Tülin Yurtbay). 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Epsilon.
  • • Matlin, M.W., (2004). The psychology of women. (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth Publishers.
  • • Misalidi, P. and Bonoti, F., (2014). Children's expressive drawing strategies: the effects of mood, age and topic. Early Child Development and Care, 184(6), 882-896.
  • • Oğuz, V., (2010). The factors influencing childrens’ drawings. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3003-3007.
  • • Özer, S., (2009). Turkish children’s human figure drawings: can we borrow norms?. Educational Psychology, 29(6), 701-712.
  • • Paktuna-Keskin, S., (2007). Çocuk Çizimlerindeki Giz: Çöp Çocuk. İstanbul: Boyut Yayınları.
  • • Payne, M.A., (1996). Some effects of sex, age, and household structure on family drawings of Barbadian children. The Journal of social psychology, 136(5), 567-578.
  • • Pianta, R.C. and Longmaid, K., (1999). Attachment-based classifications of children's family drawings: Psychometric properties and relations with children's adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28(2), 244-255.
  • • San, İ., (1979). Sanatsal Yaratma, Çocukta Yaratıcılık. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • • Skybo, T., Ryan-Wenger, N. and Su, Y.H., (2007). Human figure drawings as a measure of children's emotional status: critical review for practice. Journal of pediatric nursing, 22(1), 15-28.
  • • Thomas, G.V. and Silk, A.M.J., (1990). An Introduction to the Psychology of Children’s Drawings. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
  • • Turgeon, S.M., (2008). Sex differences in children’s free drawings and their relationship to 2D: 4D ratio. Personality and individual differences, 45(6), 527-532.
  • • Uçman, P., (1971). Goodenough-Harris Resim Testi ile bir Türk örneklemi üzerinde bir araştırma. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara.
  • • Yalçıntaş-Tarancı, G. ve Darıca, N., (1999). 10-11 yaş grubu özel ve resmi ilköğretim okullarına devam eden kız ve erkek çocukların aile çizimlerinin sosyo-kültürel değişkenler yönünde karşılaştırılması. Çocuk Gelişimi ve Eğitimi Dergisi, 1, 1-9.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Educational Sciences
Authors

Gülçin Güven

Publication Date July 10, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Güven, G. (2015). 4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Education Sciences, 10(3), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.1C0642
AMA Güven G. 4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Education Sciences. July 2015;10(3):203-211. doi:10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.1C0642
Chicago Güven, Gülçin. “4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ”. Education Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 2015): 203-11. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.1C0642.
EndNote Güven G (July 1, 2015) 4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Education Sciences 10 3 203–211.
IEEE G. Güven, “4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ”, Education Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 203–211, 2015, doi: 10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.1C0642.
ISNAD Güven, Gülçin. “4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ”. Education Sciences 10/3 (July 2015), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.1C0642.
JAMA Güven G. 4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Education Sciences. 2015;10:203–211.
MLA Güven, Gülçin. “4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ”. Education Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 2015, pp. 203-11, doi:10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.3.1C0642.
Vancouver Güven G. 4-5 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN İNSAN RESİM ÇİZİMLERİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK DURUM DEĞİŞKENLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Education Sciences. 2015;10(3):203-11.