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AN ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS`MUSIC PERFORMANCE ANXIETY IN TERMS OF THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

Year 2014, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 84 - 100, 01.03.2014

Abstract

This research was conducted to investigate whether there is meaningful relationship between prospective music teachers` music performance anxiety and self-esteem levels, and their music performance anxiety levels differ in terms of gender, age, type of graduated high school and grade levels. The research group was consisted by 78 prospective teachers studying at Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Education, Department of Fine Arts, Division of Music Education. Music Performance Anxiety Inventory and Self-Esteem Evaluation Form were used to obtain the data. Research results indicate that women have significantly higher music performance anxiety than men. Music performance anxiety does not differ in terms of age, high school type and grade levels. Another result shows that there is significant and negative relationship between music performance anxiety and self-esteem.

References

  • Bailey, D., (2001). Doğaçlama. İstanbul: Pan Yayıncılık.
  • Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy, the exercise of control. New York: Freeman and Company.
  • Brotons, M., (1993). Effects of performing conditions on music performance anxiety and performance quality. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: University of Oregon, School of Music.
  • Chan, M., (2011). The relationship between music performance anxiety, age, self-esteem, and performance outcomes in Hong-Kong music students. Durham Thesis, Durham University.
  • Clarke, E., (2003) Understanding the psychology of performance. Musical performance, a guide to understanding. Ed. John Rink, 59- Londra: Cambridge University Press.
  • Çimen, G., (2001). Konser Kaygısı. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. Cilt: 21, Sayı: 2, 125-133.
  • Dews, C.L.B. and Williams, M.S., (1989). Student musician’s personality styles, stresses and coping patterns. Psychology of Music, 17, 37-47, doi: 10.1177/0305735689171004.
  • Feener, R.S., (2004). EMDR: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing a new method in the treatment of performance anxiety for singers. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: The Florida State University, School of Music.
  • Fishbein, M., Middlestadt, S.E., Ottati, V., Straus, S., and Ellis, A., (1988). Medical problems among ISCOM musicians: Overview of a national survey. Medical Problems of Performaing Artists. 3(1), 1-8.
  • Gabrielson, A., (1999). The psychology of music. İkinci basım. Ed: Diana Deutsch, 501-583. ABD: Academic Press.
  • Gorges, S., Alpers, G.W., and Pauili, P., (2007). Musical performance anxiety as a form of social anxiety? Proceedings of International Symposium on Performance Science, 67-72.
  • Hamann, D. L. (1982). An assessment of anxiety in instrumental and vocal performances. Journal of Research in Music Education, 30 (2), 77-90.
  • Higgins, E.T., Klein, R., and Strauman, T., (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social Cognition, 3, 51-76, doi: 10.1521/soco.1985.3.1.51.
  • Hoberg, A., (2008). Reducaing performance anxiety in woodwind playing through the application of the Alexander Technique principles. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Güney Afrika: University of Pretoria.
  • Huang, M.S., (2011). Coping with performance anxiety: College piano students’ perceptions of performance anxiety and potentional effectiveness of deep breathing, deep muscle relaxation, and visualization. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. The Florida State University, ABD: College of Music.
  • Kaemmer, J.E., (1993). Music in Human Life, Anthropological Perspectives on Music. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Kageyama, N.J., (2007). Attentional focus as a mediator in a anxiety-performance relationship: The enhancement of music performance quality under stress. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: Indiana University, Department of Counseling Psychology.
  • Karasar, N., (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. 13. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kee, J., (1993). Performance anxiety in violin playing. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Kenny, D.T., (2005). A systematic review of treatment for music performance anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 18 (3), 183208, doi:10.1080/10615800500167258.
  • Kenny, D.T., (2006). Music performance anxiety: Origins, phenomenology, assessment and treatment. In Special Issiue: Renegotiating musicology. Context: A Journal of Music. 2006, 1
  • Kenny, D.T., Davis, P., and Oates, J., (2004). Music performance anxiety and occupational stress among opera chorus artists and their relationship with state and trait anxiety and perfectionism. Anxiety Disorders, 18 (2004), 757-777.
  • Kenny, D.T. and Osborne, M.S., (2006). Music performance anxiety: New insights from young musicians. Advances in Coginitive Psychology. 2 (2-3), 103-112, doi:10.2478/v10053-0080049Lang, A., (2000). The Schlaffhorst-Anderson Method for the prevention and treatment of stage fright. ISSTIP Journal. Sayı Ed. Carola Grindea.
  • LeBlanc, A., Jin, Y.C., Obert, M., and Siivola, C., (1997). Effects of audience on music performance anxiety. Journal of Research in Music Education. 45(3), 480-496.
  • Lehmann, A.C. and Davidson, J.W., (2002) Taking an acquired skills perspective on music performance. The new handbook of research on music teaching and learning, A project of the music educators national conference (Ed. R. Colwell, C. Richardson). 542-5 New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Markus, H. and Wurf, E., (1987). The dynamic self-concept. A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology (Ed. M.R. Rosenzweig & L.W. Porter), 39, 299-337.
  • Marshall, A.J., (2008). Perspectives about musicians’ performance anxiety. Yayımlanmamış mini doktora tezi. ABD: University of Protera, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Music.
  • Marye, L.H., (2011). A survey of music performance anxiety: Definitions, causes, and treatments. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. University of South Caroline, School of Music.
  • McGarth, C.E., (2012). Music performance anxiety therapies: A revies of the literature. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
  • McQuade, C., (2009). An investigation of the relationship among performance anxiety, perfectionism, optimisim, and self-efficacy in student performers. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: Fordham University, New York, School of Education.
  • Miller, T.A., (2004). Why did it sound better in the practice room? A guide to music performance anxiety and how to cope with it through journal writing. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: Michigan State University, Department of Music.
  • Nagel, J.J., (1987). An examination of commitment to career in music: Implications for allenation from vocational choice. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 1154-1155.
  • Napoli, V., Kilbride, J.M., and Tebbs, D.E., (1992). Adjustment and growth in a chancing world. Dördüncü basım. ABD: West Publishing Company.
  • Neftel, K.A., Adler, R.H., Kappeli, L., Rossi, M., Dolder, M., Kaser, H.E., Brugesser, H.H., and Vorkaug, H., (1982). Stage fright in musicians: A new model illustrating the effects of beta blockers. Psychosomatic Medicine, 44 (5), 461-469.
  • Osborne, M.S. and Kenny, D.T., (2005). Development and validation of a music performance anxiety inventory for gifted adolescent musicians. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19 (7), 7257
  • Özevin, T.B., (2008). Yaratıcı dans etkinliklerinin motivasyon, özgüven, özyeterlik ve dans performansı üzerindeki etkileri. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi (Danışman: Bilen, S). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Özevin, T.B., (2013). Kenny Müzik Performans Kaygısı Envanterini Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışması. Ahi Erivan Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 14(1), 53-65.
  • Özevin, T.B., and Bilen, S., (2010). Self-esteem assessment form development study, Procedia-Socail and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4366-4369.
  • Palmer, C., (1997). Music Performance. Annual Review of Psychology, 48(1), 115-138, doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.115. Papageorgi, I., Creech, A., and Welch, G., (2011). Perceived performance anxiety in advanced musicians specializing in different musical genres. Psychology of Music, Temmuz 2011, 124, doi: 10.1177/0305735611408995.
  • Radocy, R.E. and Boyle, J.D., (2003). Psychological foundations of musical behavior. Dördüncü basım. ABD: Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd.
  • Rae, G. and McCambridge, K., (2004). Correlates of performance anxiety in practical music exams. Psychology of Music. September 2004, 32, 432-439.
  • Ryan, C., (1998). Exploring musical performance anxiety in children. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 13, 83-88.
  • Ryan, C., (2004). Gender differences in children’s experience of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 32, 89-103.
  • Sadler, M.E. and Miller, C.J., (2010). Performance anxiety: A longitudinal study of the roles of personality and experience in musicians. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 1 (3), 280-287, doi: 10.1177/1948550610370492.
  • Sinden, L.M., (1999). Music performance anxiety: Contributions of perfectionism, coping style, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social, 60 (3-A), 590.
  • Sinico, A., Gualda, F., and Winter, L., (2012). Coping strategies for music performance anxiety: A study on flute players. Proceeding of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition ant the 8th Triennial Conference on the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music, Temmuz, 23-28, 2012, Selanik, Yunanistan.
  • Sloboda, J.A., (1985). The Musical Mind: The Cognitive Psychology of Music. Oxford: Clavedon.
  • Slocumb, B.S., (2009). Causes, effects, and solutions to performance-related anxiety: Suggestions for the teaching of brass instruments. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: The University of North Carolina at Greenboro.
  • Steptoe, A., (2001). Negative emotions in music making: The problem of performance anxiety. Music and Emotion: Theory and Research (ed. P.N. Juslin & J.A. Sloboda), 291-307. Oxford: Ozford University Press.
  • Studer, R., Danuser, B., Hildebrant, H., Arial, M., and Gomez, P., (2011). Hyperventilation complaints in music performance 100

ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2014, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 84 - 100, 01.03.2014

Abstract

Bu araştırma müzik öğretmeni adayların müzik performans kaygılarının cinsiyete, yaşa, mezun olunan liseye ve sınıf düzeylerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ve müzik öğretmeni adaylarının müzik performans kaygıları ile özgüvenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya koymak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı 2.,3. ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 78 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Müzik Performans Kaygısı Envanteri ve Özgüven Değerlendirme Formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kadınların erkeklere oranla anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla müzik performans kaygısı duyduğu, müzik performans kaygısının yaş, mezun olunan lise türü ve sınıf düzeyine göre farklılık göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bir diğer araştırma sonucu ise müzik performans kaygısı ile özgüven arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönde ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir.

References

  • Bailey, D., (2001). Doğaçlama. İstanbul: Pan Yayıncılık.
  • Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy, the exercise of control. New York: Freeman and Company.
  • Brotons, M., (1993). Effects of performing conditions on music performance anxiety and performance quality. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: University of Oregon, School of Music.
  • Chan, M., (2011). The relationship between music performance anxiety, age, self-esteem, and performance outcomes in Hong-Kong music students. Durham Thesis, Durham University.
  • Clarke, E., (2003) Understanding the psychology of performance. Musical performance, a guide to understanding. Ed. John Rink, 59- Londra: Cambridge University Press.
  • Çimen, G., (2001). Konser Kaygısı. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. Cilt: 21, Sayı: 2, 125-133.
  • Dews, C.L.B. and Williams, M.S., (1989). Student musician’s personality styles, stresses and coping patterns. Psychology of Music, 17, 37-47, doi: 10.1177/0305735689171004.
  • Feener, R.S., (2004). EMDR: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing a new method in the treatment of performance anxiety for singers. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: The Florida State University, School of Music.
  • Fishbein, M., Middlestadt, S.E., Ottati, V., Straus, S., and Ellis, A., (1988). Medical problems among ISCOM musicians: Overview of a national survey. Medical Problems of Performaing Artists. 3(1), 1-8.
  • Gabrielson, A., (1999). The psychology of music. İkinci basım. Ed: Diana Deutsch, 501-583. ABD: Academic Press.
  • Gorges, S., Alpers, G.W., and Pauili, P., (2007). Musical performance anxiety as a form of social anxiety? Proceedings of International Symposium on Performance Science, 67-72.
  • Hamann, D. L. (1982). An assessment of anxiety in instrumental and vocal performances. Journal of Research in Music Education, 30 (2), 77-90.
  • Higgins, E.T., Klein, R., and Strauman, T., (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social Cognition, 3, 51-76, doi: 10.1521/soco.1985.3.1.51.
  • Hoberg, A., (2008). Reducaing performance anxiety in woodwind playing through the application of the Alexander Technique principles. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Güney Afrika: University of Pretoria.
  • Huang, M.S., (2011). Coping with performance anxiety: College piano students’ perceptions of performance anxiety and potentional effectiveness of deep breathing, deep muscle relaxation, and visualization. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. The Florida State University, ABD: College of Music.
  • Kaemmer, J.E., (1993). Music in Human Life, Anthropological Perspectives on Music. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Kageyama, N.J., (2007). Attentional focus as a mediator in a anxiety-performance relationship: The enhancement of music performance quality under stress. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: Indiana University, Department of Counseling Psychology.
  • Karasar, N., (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. 13. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kee, J., (1993). Performance anxiety in violin playing. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Kenny, D.T., (2005). A systematic review of treatment for music performance anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 18 (3), 183208, doi:10.1080/10615800500167258.
  • Kenny, D.T., (2006). Music performance anxiety: Origins, phenomenology, assessment and treatment. In Special Issiue: Renegotiating musicology. Context: A Journal of Music. 2006, 1
  • Kenny, D.T., Davis, P., and Oates, J., (2004). Music performance anxiety and occupational stress among opera chorus artists and their relationship with state and trait anxiety and perfectionism. Anxiety Disorders, 18 (2004), 757-777.
  • Kenny, D.T. and Osborne, M.S., (2006). Music performance anxiety: New insights from young musicians. Advances in Coginitive Psychology. 2 (2-3), 103-112, doi:10.2478/v10053-0080049Lang, A., (2000). The Schlaffhorst-Anderson Method for the prevention and treatment of stage fright. ISSTIP Journal. Sayı Ed. Carola Grindea.
  • LeBlanc, A., Jin, Y.C., Obert, M., and Siivola, C., (1997). Effects of audience on music performance anxiety. Journal of Research in Music Education. 45(3), 480-496.
  • Lehmann, A.C. and Davidson, J.W., (2002) Taking an acquired skills perspective on music performance. The new handbook of research on music teaching and learning, A project of the music educators national conference (Ed. R. Colwell, C. Richardson). 542-5 New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Markus, H. and Wurf, E., (1987). The dynamic self-concept. A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology (Ed. M.R. Rosenzweig & L.W. Porter), 39, 299-337.
  • Marshall, A.J., (2008). Perspectives about musicians’ performance anxiety. Yayımlanmamış mini doktora tezi. ABD: University of Protera, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Music.
  • Marye, L.H., (2011). A survey of music performance anxiety: Definitions, causes, and treatments. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. University of South Caroline, School of Music.
  • McGarth, C.E., (2012). Music performance anxiety therapies: A revies of the literature. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
  • McQuade, C., (2009). An investigation of the relationship among performance anxiety, perfectionism, optimisim, and self-efficacy in student performers. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: Fordham University, New York, School of Education.
  • Miller, T.A., (2004). Why did it sound better in the practice room? A guide to music performance anxiety and how to cope with it through journal writing. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: Michigan State University, Department of Music.
  • Nagel, J.J., (1987). An examination of commitment to career in music: Implications for allenation from vocational choice. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 1154-1155.
  • Napoli, V., Kilbride, J.M., and Tebbs, D.E., (1992). Adjustment and growth in a chancing world. Dördüncü basım. ABD: West Publishing Company.
  • Neftel, K.A., Adler, R.H., Kappeli, L., Rossi, M., Dolder, M., Kaser, H.E., Brugesser, H.H., and Vorkaug, H., (1982). Stage fright in musicians: A new model illustrating the effects of beta blockers. Psychosomatic Medicine, 44 (5), 461-469.
  • Osborne, M.S. and Kenny, D.T., (2005). Development and validation of a music performance anxiety inventory for gifted adolescent musicians. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19 (7), 7257
  • Özevin, T.B., (2008). Yaratıcı dans etkinliklerinin motivasyon, özgüven, özyeterlik ve dans performansı üzerindeki etkileri. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi (Danışman: Bilen, S). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Özevin, T.B., (2013). Kenny Müzik Performans Kaygısı Envanterini Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışması. Ahi Erivan Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 14(1), 53-65.
  • Özevin, T.B., and Bilen, S., (2010). Self-esteem assessment form development study, Procedia-Socail and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4366-4369.
  • Palmer, C., (1997). Music Performance. Annual Review of Psychology, 48(1), 115-138, doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.115. Papageorgi, I., Creech, A., and Welch, G., (2011). Perceived performance anxiety in advanced musicians specializing in different musical genres. Psychology of Music, Temmuz 2011, 124, doi: 10.1177/0305735611408995.
  • Radocy, R.E. and Boyle, J.D., (2003). Psychological foundations of musical behavior. Dördüncü basım. ABD: Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd.
  • Rae, G. and McCambridge, K., (2004). Correlates of performance anxiety in practical music exams. Psychology of Music. September 2004, 32, 432-439.
  • Ryan, C., (1998). Exploring musical performance anxiety in children. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 13, 83-88.
  • Ryan, C., (2004). Gender differences in children’s experience of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 32, 89-103.
  • Sadler, M.E. and Miller, C.J., (2010). Performance anxiety: A longitudinal study of the roles of personality and experience in musicians. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 1 (3), 280-287, doi: 10.1177/1948550610370492.
  • Sinden, L.M., (1999). Music performance anxiety: Contributions of perfectionism, coping style, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social, 60 (3-A), 590.
  • Sinico, A., Gualda, F., and Winter, L., (2012). Coping strategies for music performance anxiety: A study on flute players. Proceeding of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition ant the 8th Triennial Conference on the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music, Temmuz, 23-28, 2012, Selanik, Yunanistan.
  • Sloboda, J.A., (1985). The Musical Mind: The Cognitive Psychology of Music. Oxford: Clavedon.
  • Slocumb, B.S., (2009). Causes, effects, and solutions to performance-related anxiety: Suggestions for the teaching of brass instruments. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. ABD: The University of North Carolina at Greenboro.
  • Steptoe, A., (2001). Negative emotions in music making: The problem of performance anxiety. Music and Emotion: Theory and Research (ed. P.N. Juslin & J.A. Sloboda), 291-307. Oxford: Ozford University Press.
  • Studer, R., Danuser, B., Hildebrant, H., Arial, M., and Gomez, P., (2011). Hyperventilation complaints in music performance 100
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Interior Architecture
Authors

Banu ÖZEVİN Tokinan This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tokinan, B. . Ö. (2014). ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Fine Arts, 9(2), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.DO150
AMA Tokinan BÖ. ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Fine Arts. March 2014;9(2):84-100. doi:10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.DO150
Chicago Tokinan, Banu ÖZEVİN. “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ”. Fine Arts 9, no. 2 (March 2014): 84-100. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.DO150.
EndNote Tokinan BÖ (March 1, 2014) ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Fine Arts 9 2 84–100.
IEEE B. . Ö. Tokinan, “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ”, Fine Arts, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 84–100, 2014, doi: 10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.DO150.
ISNAD Tokinan, Banu ÖZEVİN. “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ”. Fine Arts 9/2 (March 2014), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.DO150.
JAMA Tokinan BÖ. ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Fine Arts. 2014;9:84–100.
MLA Tokinan, Banu ÖZEVİN. “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ”. Fine Arts, vol. 9, no. 2, 2014, pp. 84-100, doi:10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.DO150.
Vancouver Tokinan BÖ. ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGILARININ BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Fine Arts. 2014;9(2):84-100.