Orta Çağ Anglo-Norman Romanslarında Kadın Şifacılar

Abstract

Tarih boyunca temel tıp bilimlerinde cinsiyet farklılıkları kadın şifacıları olumsuz etkilemiştir. Kadınların yaratıcılığı, şifacılığı ve doğası, yaratılış mitlerine de konu olan toprak ve bitkilerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Kadınlar, özellikle toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığına maruz kaldıkları Orta Çağ'da, genellikle dini, sosyal ve ekonomik nedenlerle olumsuz tasvirlenmiştir. Kadın şifacılar genellikle sihir ve mucize gibi çeşitli soyut tedavi yöntemlerini uygulama ile ilişkilendirilse de, bu şifacıların tıbbi bilimlerdeki bilgilerini uygulama yöntemleri proto-modern tıpa örnek teşkil etmiştir. Ataerkil ve dini baskılara rağmen kadın şifacılar varlıklarını korumuş, tıbbi bilimleri uygulamış ve bu alanda de yetilerinin olduğunu gözler önüne sermiştir. Bu makale, kadın şifacıların iki Anglo-Norman romanslarında özellikle de Gui de Warewic ve Boeve de Haumtone’da nasıl ve niçin önem arz ettiğini gün yüzüne çıkarmaktadır. Bir başka deyişle bu çalışma Orta Çağ Avrupa'sında iyileştirme yöntemlerinin temsillerini ve kadın şifacıların temel tıp bilimlerini uygulaması sürecindeki konumunu irdelemektedir.

Keywords

• Orta Çağ
• Ingiltere
• Tıp
• Edebiyat
• Kadın
• Şifa

Female Healers in The Medieval Anglo-Norman Romances

Abstract

Throughout history, gender differences in medicine severely and adversely affected women healers. Women's creativity, healing, and nature were associated with the earth and plants and were the subject of creation myths. Women were generally oppressed for religious, social, and economic reasons, especially during the Middle Ages, and suffered from gender discrimination. While female healers were usually associated with magic and miracles, they put the knowledge of medicine into practice, and their applications could be considered proto-modern medicine. Despite the patriarchal and religious oppressions, gifted women healers continued to exist and did not leave the field of medicine. This paper explores how and why two Anglo-Norman romances, particularly Gui de Warewic and Boeve de Haumtone portray female healers. In other words, this paper examines the representations of medical treatments in medieval Europe and the continuity of the existence of female healers in medieval England.

Keywords

• Medieval
• England
• Medicine
• Literature
• Female
• Healing

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