Otorite Aktarımı Adına Siyasi Gerekçelerle Evlilik Kurumunun Kullanılması ve Kalıtsal Ardıllık: Outremer Örneği (1099-1291)

Abstract

Evlilik Doğu ya da Batı fark etmeksizin çoğu Orta Çağ toplumu için hayati öneme sahiptir. Sıradan insanlar için soy bağının devamında rol oynayan evlilik, aristokrat aileler için bundan fazlasıdır. Evlilik kurumu vasıtasıyla kurulan siyasi ağlar devletler için büyük kazanımlar elde etmenin en pratik yolu olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu kabullerin Outremer toplumu için de geçerli olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Outremer toplumunun belirli dönemlerde deneyimlediği erkek varis yoksunluğu, hanedan içerisinde bulunan kadınların önemini artırmış ve evlilik kurumu üzerinden yönetime koca olma yoluyla kral-prens sağlanmıştır. Latin Doğu’da iktidarın ya da verasetin temel kaynağı çoğunlukla soylu kadınlar olmasına rağmen dönem şartları gereği kadınların konumları evlilik üzerine inşa edilmiş ve erkek varis yoksunluğunda siyasal manada bir kriz yaşanmaması için asil kadınlar peş peşe evlilikler yapmak zorunda kalmışlardır. Kadının kalıtsal mirası üzerine inşa edilen bu sistemde kadının siyasal katılımı kısıtlı olmasına rağmen kişiliği, iç ve dış huzurun seviyesi kullanılan otoriteyi doğrudan etkilemiştir. Krallığın erken dönem tarihinde kadının siyasal alana katılımı daha fazla iken, geç dönem tarihinde kadınların hızlı bir şekilde evlendirilmesi zaruri görülmüş, siyasi otorite kullanımları azalmıştır. Çalışmamızın amacı Outremer soylu kadınının kalıtsal mirası üzerine inşa edilen krallık-prenslik sisteminin işleyiş şekli ve bunun Outremer siyasi sahasına yansımalarını tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız kadın ve evlilik kurumu üzerinden Outremer toplumunun bütüncül siyasal, kültürel, sosyal bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktadır.

Keywords

• Haçlı
• Kadın
• Siyasi Evlilik
• Outremer
• Veraset

Use of Marriage for Political Reasons for Transfer of Authority and Hereditary Succession: The Case of Outremer (1099-1291)

Abstract

Marriage was vital to many Medieval societies, both Eastern and Western. Marriage, which plays a role in the continuation of lineage for ordinary people, is more common than that for aristocratic families. Political networks established through the institution of marriage can be considered the most practical way of making big gaints for states. It is a known fact that these acceptances are also valid for he Outremer society. The lack of male heirs experienced by the Outremer society in certain periods increased the importance of women in the dynasty and through the institution of marriage, the king-prince was provided by becoming a husband. Although the main source of power or inheritance in the Latin East was mostly noble women, the position of women was built on marriage due to the conditions of the period and noble women had to marry one after another in order to avoid a political crisis in the absence of male heirs. In this system, which was built on the hereditary heritage of women, although the political participation of women was limited, their personality, level of inner and outer peace directly affected the authority used. While the participation of women in the political sphere was higher in the early period of the kingdom, it was deemed necessary for women to marry quickly in the late period, and their use of political authority decreased. The aim of our study is to determine the functioning of the kingdom-principality system built on the hereditary legacy of Outremer political field. In this context, social evaluation of the Outremer society through the institution of women and marriage.

Keywords

• Outremer
• Political Marriage
• Crusades
• Women
• Inheritance.

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