Mikhael Rabo Kroniği’nin 1598 Tarihli Süryanice Nüshası: Kodikolojik ve Tarihsel Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Bu makale, 12. yüzyıl Süryani Ortodoks Patriği ve tarihçisi Mikhael Rabo’nun kaleme aldığı Kronik adlı eserin 1598 tarihli Süryanice elyazmasını kodikolojik ve tarihsel açıdan değerlendirmektedir. Üç sütunlu bir düzenle yapılandırılmış olan Kronik, kilise tarihi, siyasi gelişmeler ve doğa olaylarını bir arada ele alan nadir Süryani kaynaklarından biridir. Yaratılıştan 12. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar uzanan bu kapsamlı anlatı, Mikhael Rabo’nun entelektüel otoritesini ve Süryani tarihçiliği üzerindeki etkisini yansıtmaktadır. Kronik, aynı zamanda dönemin siyasal, mezhepsel ve teolojik çatışmalarına da dolaylı biçimde ışık tutar. Kroniğin günümüze ulaşan en eski Süryanice nüshası olan 1598 tarihli bu elyazması (Urfa-Halep Süryanice Kodeksi), Mikhael bar Barsavmo adlı bir rahip tarafından istinsah edilmiştir. Bar Barsavmo’nun kullandığı ana kaynak, bizzat müellifin metnine dayandığı bildirilen Muşe Savroyo nüshasıdır. Elyazması, yalnızca metni korumakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda geç dönem Süryani istinsah geleneklerine dair önemli bilgiler sunar. Fiziksel özellikleri, yazım tarzı ve kenar notlarına ilişkin kodikolojik gözlemler, metnin üretim ve kullanım bağlamını aydınlatmaktadır. Eserin Ermenice ve Arapça-Garşuni versiyonları ile Fransızca, Arapça ve İngilizce modern çevirileri, Kronik’in geniş bir entelektüel çevrede karşılık bulduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, elyazmasının yapısal özellikleri ve tarih yazımı yöntemine odaklanmakta; ayrıca 19. yüzyıl sonlarında nüshanın keşfi ve Süryani Katolik episkoposu Efrem Rahmani ile Fransız oryantalist Jean-Baptiste Chabot’nun katkılarıyla bilim dünyasına kazandırılma sürecini de ele almaktadır.

Keywords

• Mikhael Rabo
• Urfa-Halep Süryanice Kodeksi
• Mikhael bar Barsavmo
• Efrem Rahmani
• Jean-Baptiste Chabot
• Süryani tarihçiliği.

The Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Mikhael Rabo, Dating to 1598: A Codological and Historical Evaluation

Abstract

This article evaluates the codicological and historical aspects of the 1598 Syriac manuscript of the Chronicle written by Mikhael Rabo, a 12th-century Syriac Orthodox Patriarch and historian. The Chronicle, structured in a three-column arrangement, is one of the few Syriac sources to deal with church history, political developments and natural phenomena together. This comprehensive narrative, dating from Genesis to the late 12th century, reflects the intellectual authority of Mikhael Rabo and his influence on Syriac historiography. The chronicle also indirectly sheds light on the political, sectarian and theological conflicts of the period. The earliest surviving Syriac codex of the chronicle, dating to 1598 (The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex), was transcribed by a monk named Mikhael bar Barsawmo. The main source Bar Barsawmo uses is the copy of Moushe Savroyo, which is reportedly based on the author’s text. The manuscript not only preserves the text, but also provides important insights into late Syriac copying traditions. Codicological observations on its physical characteristics, writing style, and marginal notes illuminate the context of its production and use. The Armenian and Arabic-Garshuni versions of the work and modern French, Arabic and English translations show that the Chronicle found a wide intellectual audience. The study focuses on the manuscript’s structural features and historiographical methodology; it also discusses the discovery of the manuscript in the late 19th century and the process by which it was brought into the academic world through the contributions of the Syriac Catholic bishop Ephrem Rahmani and the French orientalist Jean-Baptiste Chabot.

Keywords

• Mikhael Rabo
• The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex
• Mikhael bar Barsawmo
• Ephrem Rahmani
• Jean-Baptiste Chabot
• Syriac historiography.

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