Similar Problems, Similar Solutions? Byzantine Chrysobulls and Crusader Charters on Legal Issues Regarding the Italian Maritime Republics

Abstract

Benzer Sorunlar, Benzer Çözümler İtalyan Şehir Cumhuriyetleri ile İlgili Yasal Konularda Bizans Chrysobulları ve Haçlı Sözleşmeleri

Abstract

Venedik Cumhuriyeti özellikle 11. yüzyıl itibariyle Akdeniz dünyasındaki ticari potansiyelini yükseltmiş ve Haçlı seferleri döneminde bu durum doruk noktasına ulaşmıştır. Gerek Balkan gerekse Anadolu topraklarında giderek daha fazla düşmanla baş etmeye çalışan Bizans denizlerdeki eksikliklerini Venedik ve diğer İtalyan deniz cumhuriyetleri üzerinden kapatmaya çalışmıştır. Aynı durum anavatanlarından fazlasıyla uzak bir coğrafyada yurt edinmeye çalışan Haçlılar için de söz konusudur. Hatta Haçlılar, daha ilk seferden itibaren İtalyanlara mecbur kalmıştır. İşte bu ahvalde Venedik zaman içerisinde bahse konu iki özneden çeşitli imtiyazlar almış ve bu imtiyazlar giderek genişlemiştir. Bu makalede Venedik'in Bizans ve Haçlı devletlerinden aldıkları chrysobullar karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Venedik'in elde ettiği gemi enkazı, miras hakkı, yargılama sistemi gibi pek çok hukuksal prosedürün Haçlı devletleri ve Bizans yasalarında nasıl tezahür ettiği, benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları bu makalenin öncelikli hedefidir.

Keywords

• bizans
• venedik
• haçlı
• ticaret
• imtiyaz
• chrysobull

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