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Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 277 - 288, 26.06.2024

Abstract

Bu makale, 11. yüzyılda İslam dünyası ile Kore arasındaki ticari ilişkileri incelemektedir. Özellikle Müslüman tüccarların bu dönemde sık sık Uzak Doğu'da bulunan Goryeo Krallığı’na gerçekleştirdikleri ticari seyahatleri ve bu bağlamda gelişen ilişkiler üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Orta Çağda İslam Coğrafyasında yaşayan Müslüman gemiciler ve tüccarlar, Deniz İpek Yolu’nu kullanarak yoğun ticari faaliyetler gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu çerçevede çalışmamızda, bu dönemde Uzak Doğu’daki Müslümanların ekonomik ve diplomatik münasebetleri ayrıntılı bir biçimde analiz edilmektedir. Moğol İmparatorluğu’ndan önce de Müslüman tüccarlar Uzak Doğu’da geniş ticaret ağlarına sahiptirler. Özellikle Abbasiler döneminde, Müslüman tüccarlar Uzak Doğu’dan Doğu Afrika kıyılarına kadar geniş ticaret bağlantıları geliştirmişlerdir. Bu küresel ekonomik koşullar altında, Müslüman ülkeler ile Kore Yarımadası arasında kaydedilen ilk ticari karşılaşma 1024 yılında gerçekleşmiştir. Her ne kadar Kore’nin 1024 yılından önce Müslümanlarla sürekli ve doğrudan bir ticari temas kurduğuna dair yazılı belgeler bulmak zor ise de özellikle 1024, 1025 ve 1040 yıllarına ait tarihi belgelerin bu konu çerçevesinde yeni araştırmalara zemin hazırlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu belgelerden elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak sadece Uzak Doğu’nun siyasi iklimindeki değişikliklerin değil, aynı zamanda Orta Çağ Kore’sini İslam dünyasına bağlayan karşılıklı ekonomik çıkarların arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. 1024 ve 1025 yıllarında Kore’ye seyahat eden yaklaşık 100 kadar tüccar ve 1040 yılında listelenen farklı bölgelerden gelen mallar, Batılı güçlerin Uzak Doğu’ya gelmesinden önce İslam’ın bu bölgelere etkisini göstermektedir. Bu ticari ilişkiler, sadece ekonomik olarak değil, aynı zamanda sosyal, kültürel, dini ve diplomatik etkileşim açılarından da önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmamız, Orta Çağda İslam dünyası ile Kore arasındaki bu ilginç ilişkilerin daha fazla anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.

References

  • Ahmed b. Abdülvehhâb en-Nüveyrî, Nihâyetü’l-ereb fî fünûni’l-edeb, (Kahire: yyy, 1923), I/230.
  • Alî b. el-Hüseyn el-Mes‘ûdî, Mürûcü’z-zeheb ve meʿâdinü’l-cevher (Kahire: yyy, yty) 1/346 h. 155-156.
  • Andre G. Frank, “Bronze age World system cycles”, Current Anthropology 34 (1993), 383-430.
  • Andre G. Frank, “The modern World System revisited. Rereading Braudel and Wallerstein”, Civilizations and World Systems: Studying World-Historical Change, ed. Stephen K. Sanderson (California: Altamira Press, 1995), 206-228.
  • Andre G. Frank, B. K. Gills (ed.), The World System: Five Hundred Years oder Five Thousand? (London, New York: Routledge, 1993). Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), The emporium of the world: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000-1400 (Leiden: Brill, 2000). Angela Schottenhammer, Das songzeitliche Quanzhou im Spannungsfeld zwischen Zentralregierung und maritimem Handel: unerwartete Konsequenzen des zentralstaatlichen Zugriffs auf den Reichtum einer Küstenregion (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002).
  • Don Baker, “Islam Struggles for a Toehold in Korea”, Harvard Asia Quarterly 10/1 (2006), 25-30.
  • Dong po quan ji. Cilt. 107 Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe, 1987.
  • Frederick John Teggart, Rome and China: A Study of Correlations in Historical Events (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1939).
  • Goryeosa cilt. 4, Temmuz 1028; cilt. 5, Eylül 1033; cilt. 6, Temmuz 1036. Seoul: Dong-A University Classics Research Institute, 1971.
  • Hee-Soo Lee, “Early Korea-Arabic maritime relations based on Muslim sources”, Korea Journal 31/2 (1991), 21-32.
  • Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System I-II-III (New York: Academic Press, 1974,1980, 1989).
  • Jane Schneider, “Was There a Precapitalist World-System?”, Peasant Studies 6/1 (1977) 20-29.
  • Janet Abu-Lughod, “Das Weltsystem im dreizehnten Jahrhundert: Sackgasse oder Wegweiser?”, Vom Mittelmeer zum Atlantik. Die mittelalterlichen Anfänge der europäischen Expansion, ed. Peter Feldbauer (Wien-München, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001), 11-35.
  • Janet Abu-Lughod, Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 34.
  • K. N. Chaudhuri, Asian Before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
  • K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985). Lee Hee Soo, “Islam in Korea. Its History and Present Situation”, Journal of The Korean Association of The Islamic Studies 4/1(1994), 59-82, burada 61.
  • Lee Jin-Han, “Rethinking on the Trading Activities of Merchants from Sung in Goryeo Dynast”, The Korean History Education (2007), 49-82.
  • M. J. de Goeje (ed.), Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum pars. 6 (Lugdini-Batavorum, 1967), s. 70.
  • Marshall G. S. Hodgson, “The Interrelations of Societies in History”, Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History, ed. Edmund Burke (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
  • Min Su Han, Jin Ju Hwang, Whan Suk Moon, “A study on the production techniques of ancient gilding (Focus on the mercury amalgam gilding)”, Conservation Studies 23 (2002), 113-129.
  • Raphael Israeli, Muslims in China (London, Curzon Press, 1980).
  • Roderich Ptak, Die maritime Seidenstrasse. Küstenräume, Seefahrt und Handel in vorkolonialer Zeit (München: C. H. Beck Verlag, 2007) 323.
  • Samguksagi cilt. 33 Seoul: Hangilsa, 1998.
  • Seong Min Hong, “Commercial Relations between Korea and the Middle East in the Medieval Ages”, Korean Journal of the Middle East Studies 22 (2002),165-186.
  • Shoku Nihon Kōki, cilt. 15. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1981.
  • Song-shi cilt. 490; 487. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1985.
  • Sunhwabingsa Koreadokyung cilt. 34-39. Taipei: Yiwen Yinshuguan, 1966.
  • Şeyhürrabve ed-Dımaşkî, Nuhbetü’d-dehr fî acâʾibi’l-ber ve’l-bahr, Cosmographie de Chems ed-din abou Abdallah Mohammed ed Dimachqui, ed. M.A.F. Mehren (St. Petersbourg, Académie impériale des sciences, 1866), 131.
  • Walter Fuchs, Huei-ch’ao’s Pilgerreise durch Nordwest-Indien und Zentral-Asien um 726 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1938).
  • Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Chang Bian, cilt. 339, (1083) Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2004.

Korea and Islam Trade History Reflections on the Middle Ages

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 277 - 288, 26.06.2024

Abstract

This article examines trade relations between the Islamic world and Korea in the 11th century. It focuses especially on the commercial travels of Muslim merchants to the Goryeo Kingdom in the Far East during this period and the relations that developed in this context. Muslim sailors and merchants living in Islamic Geography in the Middle Ages carried out intensive commercial activities using the Maritime Silk Road. In this context, in our study, the economic and diplomatic relations of Muslims in the Far East in this period are analyzed in detail. Even before the Mongol Empire in Asia, Muslim merchants had extensive trade networks in the Far East. Especially during the Abbasid period, Muslim merchants developed extensive trade connections from the Far East to the East African coast. Under these global economic conditions, the first recorded commercial encounter between Muslim countries and the Korean Peninsula took place in 1024. Although it is difficult to find scripts proving that Korea had continuous and direct commercial contact with Muslims before 1024, it is thought that historical documents, especially from the years 1024, 1025 and 1040, will pave the way for new research on this subject. Based on the findings from these documents, it is concluded that not only the changes in the political climate in the Far East, but also the increasing mutual economic interests connecting medieval Korea to the Islamic world. Approximately 100 merchants traveling to Korea in 1024 and 1025 and goods from different regions listed in 1040 show the influence of Islam in these regions before the arrival of Western powers in the Far East. These trade relations played an important role not only economically, but also in terms of social, cultural, religious and diplomatic interaction. Therefore, our study aims to contribute to a greater understanding of these interesting relations between the Muslim world and Korea in the Middle Ages.

References

  • Ahmed b. Abdülvehhâb en-Nüveyrî, Nihâyetü’l-ereb fî fünûni’l-edeb, (Kahire: yyy, 1923), I/230.
  • Alî b. el-Hüseyn el-Mes‘ûdî, Mürûcü’z-zeheb ve meʿâdinü’l-cevher (Kahire: yyy, yty) 1/346 h. 155-156.
  • Andre G. Frank, “Bronze age World system cycles”, Current Anthropology 34 (1993), 383-430.
  • Andre G. Frank, “The modern World System revisited. Rereading Braudel and Wallerstein”, Civilizations and World Systems: Studying World-Historical Change, ed. Stephen K. Sanderson (California: Altamira Press, 1995), 206-228.
  • Andre G. Frank, B. K. Gills (ed.), The World System: Five Hundred Years oder Five Thousand? (London, New York: Routledge, 1993). Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), The emporium of the world: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000-1400 (Leiden: Brill, 2000). Angela Schottenhammer, Das songzeitliche Quanzhou im Spannungsfeld zwischen Zentralregierung und maritimem Handel: unerwartete Konsequenzen des zentralstaatlichen Zugriffs auf den Reichtum einer Küstenregion (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002).
  • Don Baker, “Islam Struggles for a Toehold in Korea”, Harvard Asia Quarterly 10/1 (2006), 25-30.
  • Dong po quan ji. Cilt. 107 Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe, 1987.
  • Frederick John Teggart, Rome and China: A Study of Correlations in Historical Events (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1939).
  • Goryeosa cilt. 4, Temmuz 1028; cilt. 5, Eylül 1033; cilt. 6, Temmuz 1036. Seoul: Dong-A University Classics Research Institute, 1971.
  • Hee-Soo Lee, “Early Korea-Arabic maritime relations based on Muslim sources”, Korea Journal 31/2 (1991), 21-32.
  • Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System I-II-III (New York: Academic Press, 1974,1980, 1989).
  • Jane Schneider, “Was There a Precapitalist World-System?”, Peasant Studies 6/1 (1977) 20-29.
  • Janet Abu-Lughod, “Das Weltsystem im dreizehnten Jahrhundert: Sackgasse oder Wegweiser?”, Vom Mittelmeer zum Atlantik. Die mittelalterlichen Anfänge der europäischen Expansion, ed. Peter Feldbauer (Wien-München, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001), 11-35.
  • Janet Abu-Lughod, Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 34.
  • K. N. Chaudhuri, Asian Before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
  • K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985). Lee Hee Soo, “Islam in Korea. Its History and Present Situation”, Journal of The Korean Association of The Islamic Studies 4/1(1994), 59-82, burada 61.
  • Lee Jin-Han, “Rethinking on the Trading Activities of Merchants from Sung in Goryeo Dynast”, The Korean History Education (2007), 49-82.
  • M. J. de Goeje (ed.), Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum pars. 6 (Lugdini-Batavorum, 1967), s. 70.
  • Marshall G. S. Hodgson, “The Interrelations of Societies in History”, Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History, ed. Edmund Burke (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
  • Min Su Han, Jin Ju Hwang, Whan Suk Moon, “A study on the production techniques of ancient gilding (Focus on the mercury amalgam gilding)”, Conservation Studies 23 (2002), 113-129.
  • Raphael Israeli, Muslims in China (London, Curzon Press, 1980).
  • Roderich Ptak, Die maritime Seidenstrasse. Küstenräume, Seefahrt und Handel in vorkolonialer Zeit (München: C. H. Beck Verlag, 2007) 323.
  • Samguksagi cilt. 33 Seoul: Hangilsa, 1998.
  • Seong Min Hong, “Commercial Relations between Korea and the Middle East in the Medieval Ages”, Korean Journal of the Middle East Studies 22 (2002),165-186.
  • Shoku Nihon Kōki, cilt. 15. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1981.
  • Song-shi cilt. 490; 487. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1985.
  • Sunhwabingsa Koreadokyung cilt. 34-39. Taipei: Yiwen Yinshuguan, 1966.
  • Şeyhürrabve ed-Dımaşkî, Nuhbetü’d-dehr fî acâʾibi’l-ber ve’l-bahr, Cosmographie de Chems ed-din abou Abdallah Mohammed ed Dimachqui, ed. M.A.F. Mehren (St. Petersbourg, Académie impériale des sciences, 1866), 131.
  • Walter Fuchs, Huei-ch’ao’s Pilgerreise durch Nordwest-Indien und Zentral-Asien um 726 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1938).
  • Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Chang Bian, cilt. 339, (1083) Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2004.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political and Civilization History of Islam
Journal Section Çeviri Makaleler
Authors

Yongku Cha This is me 0000-0002-6544-808X

Translators

Fahrettin Haliloğlu 0000-0003-1262-1624

Publication Date June 26, 2024
Submission Date October 23, 2023
Acceptance Date January 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cha, Y. (2024). Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler (F. Haliloğlu, Trans.). Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 277-288.
AMA Cha Y. Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler. OAD. June 2024;7(1):277-288.
Chicago Cha, Yongku. “Kore Ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler”. Translated by Fahrettin Haliloğlu. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, no. 1 (June 2024): 277-88.
EndNote Cha Y (June 1, 2024) Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 1 277–288.
IEEE Y. Cha, “Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler”, OAD, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 277–288, 2024.
ISNAD Cha, Yongku. “Kore Ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi. Fahrettin HaliloğluTrans 7/1 (June 2024), 277-288.
JAMA Cha Y. Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler. OAD. 2024;7:277–288.
MLA Cha, Yongku. “Kore Ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, translated by Fahrettin Haliloğlu, vol. 7, no. 1, 2024, pp. 277-88.
Vancouver Cha Y. Kore ve İslam Orta Çağ Üzerine Ticari Tarihsel İncelemeler. OAD. 2024;7(1):277-88.

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