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Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 163 - 180, 26.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576554

Abstract

1217-1274 yılları arasında yaşamış olan Aziz Bonaventura, Orta Çağ Hıristiyan mistisizminin önde gelen isimlerinden biridir. Bonaventura özellikle Zihnin Tanrıya Yolculuğu (Itinerarium Mentis in Deum) adlı eserinde dile getirdiği mistik teolojisiyle tanınmaktadır. Bonaventura, bu eserinde, sudur (emanation), örnekçilik (exemplarism) ve dönüş (reduction) kavramlarına dayalı bir metafizik çerçeve sunmaktadır. Buna göre Tanrı’dan sudur eden varlıklar, örnekçilik ilkesiyle ilahî modellerin bir yansımasıdır ve dönüş süreciyle nihaî kaynağına, yani Tanrı’ya geri yönelmektedir. Bu üçlü yapı, onun Mesih merkezli mistik anlayışının temelini oluştururken ruhun Tanrı’ya dönüşünü açıklayan altı aşamalı bir manevî yolculuk sürecini şekillendirmektedir. Bonaventura’a göre bu süreç, önce maddi dünyada Tanrı’nın izlerinin keşfedilmesiyle başlamakta, ardından bireyin kendi iç dünyasına yönelerek Tanrı’nın suretini tefekkür etmesiyle ilerlemekte ve nihayetinde Tanrı’nın saf varlık olarak doğrudan deneyimlenmesiyle doruğa ulaşmaktadır. Bu süreç sadece bireysel bir ruhsal deneyim olarak değil, sistematik bir dönüşüm modeli olarak kurgulanmış olup entelektüel kavrayış ile mistik vecdi birleştiren bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Bonaventura’un ruhun dönüştürücü yolculuğu çerçevesinde şekillendirdiği mistik vizyonunun yapı taşları ve aşamaları detaylı olarak ele alınıp incelenerek onun teolojik anlayışının temel ilkeleri belirlenecektir. Bunun için Bonaventura’un eserleri ve çağdaş akademik kaynaklar üzerinden sistematik ve deskriptif bir analiz gerçekleştirilecektir. Bu analizle Bonaventura’un Orta Çağ Hıristiyan teolojisi ve mistisizmine yaptığı katkıları, felsefi, teolojik ve mistik yönleriyle ele alarak, onun düşüncesinin özgün ve etkili yanlarını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın neticesinde Bonaventura’un sunduğu mistik yolculuk modelinin, Orta Çağ düşüncesinde mistisizm ile rasyonel teolojiyi sentezleyen önemli bir yaklaşım olarak öne çıktığı ve çağdaş teolojik araştırmalar açısından derinlemesine incelenmesi gereken bir referans çerçevesi sunduğu görülmektedir.

References

  • Ables, Travis E. “The Word in Which All Things Are Spoken: Augustine, Anselm, and Bonaventure on Christology and the Metaphysics of Exemplarity”. Theological Studies 76, sy 2 (01 Haziran 2015): 280-97.
  • https://doi.org/10.1177/0040563915574464.
  • Akgün, Tuncay. Gazali ve İbn Rüşd’e Göre Yaratma. Ankara: Akçağ, 2013.
  • Bonaventure (Cardinal), Saint. Saint Bonaventure’s De Reductione Artium Ad Theologiam. Çeviren Sister Emma Thérèse Healy. Germany: Saint Bonaventure College, 1955.
  • Bonaventure, Saint. Commentary on the Gospel of John. USA: Franciscan Institute, 2007.
  • ———. The Breviloquium. New Jersey: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1963.
  • Bonaventure, St. Collations on the Hexaemeron: Conferences on the Six Days of Creation: The Illuminations of the Church. Çeviren Jay Hammond. C. XVIII. USA: Franciscan Institute Publications, 2018.
  • ———. “Commentaria In Librum Primum Sententiarum Book I”. Erişim 30 Ekim 2025.
  • https://franciscan-archive.org/bonaventura/I-Sent.html.
  • ———. “Commentaria In Librum Secundum Sententiarum Book II”. Erişim 30 Ekim 2024.
  • https://www.franciscan-archive.org/bonaventura/II-Sent.html.
  • ———. “Commentaria In Librum Tertium Sententiarum Book III”. Erişim 30 Ekim 2024.
  • https://franciscan-archive.org/bonaventura/III-Sent.html.
  • ———. The Mind’s Road to God. Wisconsin: St Athanasius Press, 2014.
  • ———. Works of Saint Bonaventure III Saint Bonaventure’s Disputed Questions on the Mystery of the Trinity. Editör George Marcil. Çeviren Zachery Hayes. New York: Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University, 1979.
  • Bougerol, Jacques-Guy. “Bonaventure”. İçinde Encyclopedia of Christian Theology Vol. 3 Set, editör Jean-Yves Lacoste, 1:224-30. New York: Routledge, 2005.
  • Bowman, Leonard J. “The Cosmic Exemplarism of Bonaventure”. The Journal of Religion 55, sy 2 (Nisan 1975): 181-98. https://doi.org/10.1086/486424.
  • Clendenen, Avis. “St. Bonaventure”. İçinde Encyclopedia Of Religious And Spiritual Development, editör Elizabeth M. Dowling, 428-29. California: Sage Publications, 2006.
  • Colberg, Shawn. “Reductio as Pattern and Journey in Bonaventure”. Nova et Vetera (English Edition) 12, sy 3 (2014): 675-700.
  • Cullen, Christopher M. Bonaventure. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Davis, Robert Glenn. “Hierarchy and Excess in Bonaventure’s Itinerarium mentis in Deum”. The Journal of Religion 95, sy 4 (2015): 433-53. https://doi.org/10.1086/682321.
  • Deignan, Kathleen. “Road to Rapture: Thomas Merton’s ‘Itinerarium Mentis in Deum’”. Franciscan Studies 55 (1998): 281-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41975209.
  • Delio, Ilia. “Bonaventure’s Metaphysics of the Good”. Theological Studies 60, sy 2 (01 Mayıs 1999): 228-46.
  • https://doi.org/10.1177/004056399906000202.
  • ———. “Is Spirituality the Future of Theology?: Insights from Bonaventure”. Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 8, sy 2 (2008): 148-55. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/251620.
  • ———. “Revisiting the Franciscan Doctrine of Christ”. Theological Studies 64, sy 1 (01 Şubat 2003): 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/004056390306400101.
  • Glavin, Leonard. “A Comparison Between the Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Bonaventure on Mary, the Mother of God”. Marian Library Studies 29, sy 1 (01 Ocak 2010): 27-410.
  • https://ecommons.udayton.edu/ml_studies/vol29/iss1/5.
  • Hayes, Zachary. “Bonaventure’s Trinitarian Theology”. İçinde A Companion to Bonaventure, editör Jay M. Hammond, J.A. Wayne Hellmann, ve Jared Goff, 588. Boston: Brill, 2014.
  • ———. The Hidden Center: Spirituality and Speculative Christology in St. Bonaventure. New York: Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University, 2000.
  • İskenderoğlu, Muammer. Bonaventura’da Din Felsefe İlişkisi. İstanbul: Değişim Yayınları, 2008.
  • Johnson, Junius. “The One and the Many in Bonaventure Exemplarity Explained”. Religions 7, sy 12 (Aralık 2016): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7120144.
  • Johnson, Timothy J. “Dream Bodies and Peripatetic Prayer: Reading Bonaventure’s Itinerarium with Certeau”. Modern Theology 21, sy 3 (2005): 413-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0025.2005.00291.x.
  • McGinn, Bernard. The Presence of God: The Flowering of Mysticism: Men and Women in the New Mysticism (1200-1350). New York: Crossroad, 1991.
  • Salvador-González, José. “Contemplating God from the Mirror of the Soul. The First Level of St. Bonaventure’s Introspective Aesthetics from Its Inspiring Sources”. Poligrafi 26, sy 103/104 (29 Aralık 2021): 153-73.
  • https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2021.287.
  • Salvador-Gonzalez, José María. “The first level of St. Bonaventure’s transcendent Aesthetics: Contemplating God as the pure, primary Being”. Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia 14, sy 3 (19 Kasım 2021): 273-85.
  • https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTh.2021.015.
  • Stamatović, Slobodan. “The Meaning of Perichoresis”. Open Theology 2, sy 1 (09 Mayıs 2016): 303-23.
  • https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2016-0026.

Union with God in the Thought of St. Bonaventura: The Transformative Journey of the Soul

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 163 - 180, 26.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576554

Abstract

St Bonaventura, who lived between 1217 and 1274, is one of the leading figures of medieval Christian mysticism. Bonaventura is especially known for the mystical theology expressed in his The Journey of the Mind to God (Itinerarium Mentis in Deum). In this work, Bonaventura presents a metaphysical framework based on the concepts of emanation, exemplarism and reduction. Accordingly, beings emanating from God are a reflection of divine models through the principle of exemplarity and return to their ultimate source, namely God, through the process of return. This triadic structure forms the basis of his Christ-centred mystical understanding and shapes a six-stage process explaining the ascension to God. According to Bonaventura, this process begins with the discovery of traces of God in the material world, then progresses through the individual's contemplation of God's image by turning to his or her inner world, and finally culminates in the direct experience of God as a pure being. This process is not merely an individual spiritual experience but a systematic model of transformation, combining intellectual insight with mystical ecstasy. In this study, the building blocks and stages of Bonaventura's mystical vision, which he shaped within the framework of the transformative journey of the soul, will be examined in detail, and the basic principles of his theological understanding will be determined. For this purpose, a systematic and descriptive analysis will be carried out through Bonaventura's works and contemporary academic sources. This analysis aims to reveal the unique and influential aspects of Bonaventura's thought by considering his contributions to medieval Christian theology and mysticism from philosophical, theological, and mystical aspects. As a result of the study, it is seen that Bonaventura's model of spiritual journey stands out as an important approach that synthesises mysticism and rational theology in medieval thought and offers a frame of reference that should be examined in depth in terms of contemporary theological research.

References

  • Ables, Travis E. “The Word in Which All Things Are Spoken: Augustine, Anselm, and Bonaventure on Christology and the Metaphysics of Exemplarity”. Theological Studies 76, sy 2 (01 Haziran 2015): 280-97.
  • https://doi.org/10.1177/0040563915574464.
  • Akgün, Tuncay. Gazali ve İbn Rüşd’e Göre Yaratma. Ankara: Akçağ, 2013.
  • Bonaventure (Cardinal), Saint. Saint Bonaventure’s De Reductione Artium Ad Theologiam. Çeviren Sister Emma Thérèse Healy. Germany: Saint Bonaventure College, 1955.
  • Bonaventure, Saint. Commentary on the Gospel of John. USA: Franciscan Institute, 2007.
  • ———. The Breviloquium. New Jersey: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1963.
  • Bonaventure, St. Collations on the Hexaemeron: Conferences on the Six Days of Creation: The Illuminations of the Church. Çeviren Jay Hammond. C. XVIII. USA: Franciscan Institute Publications, 2018.
  • ———. “Commentaria In Librum Primum Sententiarum Book I”. Erişim 30 Ekim 2025.
  • https://franciscan-archive.org/bonaventura/I-Sent.html.
  • ———. “Commentaria In Librum Secundum Sententiarum Book II”. Erişim 30 Ekim 2024.
  • https://www.franciscan-archive.org/bonaventura/II-Sent.html.
  • ———. “Commentaria In Librum Tertium Sententiarum Book III”. Erişim 30 Ekim 2024.
  • https://franciscan-archive.org/bonaventura/III-Sent.html.
  • ———. The Mind’s Road to God. Wisconsin: St Athanasius Press, 2014.
  • ———. Works of Saint Bonaventure III Saint Bonaventure’s Disputed Questions on the Mystery of the Trinity. Editör George Marcil. Çeviren Zachery Hayes. New York: Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University, 1979.
  • Bougerol, Jacques-Guy. “Bonaventure”. İçinde Encyclopedia of Christian Theology Vol. 3 Set, editör Jean-Yves Lacoste, 1:224-30. New York: Routledge, 2005.
  • Bowman, Leonard J. “The Cosmic Exemplarism of Bonaventure”. The Journal of Religion 55, sy 2 (Nisan 1975): 181-98. https://doi.org/10.1086/486424.
  • Clendenen, Avis. “St. Bonaventure”. İçinde Encyclopedia Of Religious And Spiritual Development, editör Elizabeth M. Dowling, 428-29. California: Sage Publications, 2006.
  • Colberg, Shawn. “Reductio as Pattern and Journey in Bonaventure”. Nova et Vetera (English Edition) 12, sy 3 (2014): 675-700.
  • Cullen, Christopher M. Bonaventure. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Davis, Robert Glenn. “Hierarchy and Excess in Bonaventure’s Itinerarium mentis in Deum”. The Journal of Religion 95, sy 4 (2015): 433-53. https://doi.org/10.1086/682321.
  • Deignan, Kathleen. “Road to Rapture: Thomas Merton’s ‘Itinerarium Mentis in Deum’”. Franciscan Studies 55 (1998): 281-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41975209.
  • Delio, Ilia. “Bonaventure’s Metaphysics of the Good”. Theological Studies 60, sy 2 (01 Mayıs 1999): 228-46.
  • https://doi.org/10.1177/004056399906000202.
  • ———. “Is Spirituality the Future of Theology?: Insights from Bonaventure”. Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 8, sy 2 (2008): 148-55. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/251620.
  • ———. “Revisiting the Franciscan Doctrine of Christ”. Theological Studies 64, sy 1 (01 Şubat 2003): 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/004056390306400101.
  • Glavin, Leonard. “A Comparison Between the Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Bonaventure on Mary, the Mother of God”. Marian Library Studies 29, sy 1 (01 Ocak 2010): 27-410.
  • https://ecommons.udayton.edu/ml_studies/vol29/iss1/5.
  • Hayes, Zachary. “Bonaventure’s Trinitarian Theology”. İçinde A Companion to Bonaventure, editör Jay M. Hammond, J.A. Wayne Hellmann, ve Jared Goff, 588. Boston: Brill, 2014.
  • ———. The Hidden Center: Spirituality and Speculative Christology in St. Bonaventure. New York: Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University, 2000.
  • İskenderoğlu, Muammer. Bonaventura’da Din Felsefe İlişkisi. İstanbul: Değişim Yayınları, 2008.
  • Johnson, Junius. “The One and the Many in Bonaventure Exemplarity Explained”. Religions 7, sy 12 (Aralık 2016): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7120144.
  • Johnson, Timothy J. “Dream Bodies and Peripatetic Prayer: Reading Bonaventure’s Itinerarium with Certeau”. Modern Theology 21, sy 3 (2005): 413-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0025.2005.00291.x.
  • McGinn, Bernard. The Presence of God: The Flowering of Mysticism: Men and Women in the New Mysticism (1200-1350). New York: Crossroad, 1991.
  • Salvador-González, José. “Contemplating God from the Mirror of the Soul. The First Level of St. Bonaventure’s Introspective Aesthetics from Its Inspiring Sources”. Poligrafi 26, sy 103/104 (29 Aralık 2021): 153-73.
  • https://doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2021.287.
  • Salvador-Gonzalez, José María. “The first level of St. Bonaventure’s transcendent Aesthetics: Contemplating God as the pure, primary Being”. Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia 14, sy 3 (19 Kasım 2021): 273-85.
  • https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTh.2021.015.
  • Stamatović, Slobodan. “The Meaning of Perichoresis”. Open Theology 2, sy 1 (09 Mayıs 2016): 303-23.
  • https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2016-0026.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medieval History (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nadide Şahin 0000-0001-8986-3686

Early Pub Date June 25, 2025
Publication Date June 26, 2025
Submission Date October 30, 2024
Acceptance Date April 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, N. (2025). Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576554
AMA Şahin N. Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu. OAD. June 2025;8(1):163-180. doi:10.48120/oad.1576554
Chicago Şahin, Nadide. “Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı Ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 1 (June 2025): 163-80. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576554.
EndNote Şahin N (June 1, 2025) Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 1 163–180.
IEEE N. Şahin, “Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu”, OAD, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 163–180, 2025, doi: 10.48120/oad.1576554.
ISNAD Şahin, Nadide. “Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı Ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/1 (June 2025), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576554.
JAMA Şahin N. Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu. OAD. 2025;8:163–180.
MLA Şahin, Nadide. “Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı Ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, pp. 163-80, doi:10.48120/oad.1576554.
Vancouver Şahin N. Aziz Bonaventura’un Düşüncesinde Tanrı ile Birlik: Ruhun Dönüştürücü Yolculuğu. OAD. 2025;8(1):163-80.

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