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Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 181 - 209, 26.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576574

Abstract

II. Edward (ö.1327), gerek Geç Orta Çağ’da gerekse günümüzde İngiliz tarihindeki en tartışmalı krallardan biri olmuştur. Bunun en büyük nedenlerinden biri I. Edward’ın 1307’deki ölümün ardından tahta çıkan II. Edward’ın babasının kendi iktidarında inşa etmiş olduğu güçlü kral imgesinin altında kalmış olmasıydı. Babasının bu güçlü imajı karşısında yeni kralın beklentileri karşılayamadığı XIV. Yüzyıl İngiliz tarihyazımına da açıkça yansımıştır. Bu beklentilerin nasıl kırıldığı ise oldukça açıktı. II. Edward’ın 20 yıllık tartışmalı iktidarı İngiltere Krallığı’nı iki kez iç savaşa sürüklemiş, İskoçya ve Fransa’ya karşı giriştiği savaşlardan mağlubiyetlerle ayrılmış ve maiyetine aldığı kişiler sebebiyle sürekli olarak eleştirilmişti. Tüm bu faktörler neticesinde ise II. Edward 1066’daki Norman Fethi’den beri tahttan indirilen ilk İngiliz kralı oldu. Fakat kendi iç çatışmaları sonucunda II. Edward’ın tahttan indirilmesi İngilizler için daha önce tecrübe edilmemiş bir durumdu. Ondan yaklaşık iki yüzyıl sonrasında yaşamış olan William Shakespeare (ö.1616) dahi “Dünyevi hiç kimse Tanrı'nın seçtiği vekili tahttan indiremezdi.” derken XIV. Yüzyıl İngiliz tarih yazarlarıyla benzer kaygıları taşıyordu. Bu nedenle İngilizler Tanrı’nın meşru yöneticisi olduğuna inandıkları kralın tahttan indirilmesini meşrulaştırmak adına çeşitli nedenler aradılar. İşte bu dönem anlatılarının giriştikleri bu çaba ve sundukları argümanlar bu araştırmanın temel sorununu teşkil edecektir. Böylece İngiltere Krallığı’nın ilk kez tecrübe ettiği ve Orta Çağ boyunca sıklıkla rastlamadığımız meşru bir kralın tahttan indirilme hadisesi açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılacaktır.

References

  • Birincil Kaynaklar
  • “Annales Londonienses.” In Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II,, ed. W. Stubbs. Cambridge Library Collection Rolls. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • “Annales Paulini.” In Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, ed. W. Stubbs. London: Cambridge Library Collection Rolls. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334, ed. W.R. Childs & J. Taylor, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, cxlvii, for the year 1987 (Leeds, 1991).
  • Avesbury, Robert. Adae Murimuth Continuatio Chronicarum; Robertus de Avesbury de Gestis Mirabilibus Regis Edwardi Tertii. ed. Edward M. Thompson, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Baker, Geoffrey l. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker. Translated by David G. Preest. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2012.
  • Bel Jean le. Chronique de Jean le Bel, ed. J. Viard & E. Deprez, i, 8 Société de l’Histoire de France: Paris, 1904.
  • Brie, Friedrich W., ed. The Brut, or, The Chronicles of England, Vol.II,. London: Early English Text Society, 1906.
  • Gray, Sir T. The Scalacronica. Translated by Sir H. Maxwell. Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1907.
  • Froissart, Jean. The Chronicles of Froissart. ed. G. C. Macaulay., trans. John Bourchier. New York: Macmilla Press, 1904.
  • Knighton, Henry. Chronicon Henrici Knighton. ed. J. R. Lumby. Vol. II., London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889.
  • Luard, H. R., ed. Flores Historiarum. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Marlowe, Christopher. Edward II. çev. Özdemir Nutku. İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2017.
  • Murimuth, Adam. Adae Murimuth Continuatio Chronicarum; Robertus de Avesbury de Gestis Mirabilibus Regis Edwardi Tertii. ed. Edward M. Thompson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Riley, H. T., ed. Johannis de Trokelowe et Henrici de Blaneforde, Chronica et Annales. London: Longsman, 1866.
  • Royal MS 20.A.II., British Library (London), 10r-10v.
  • Rymer, Thomas. Conventiones, Literæ, Et cujuscunque generis Acta Publica, Inter Reges Angliæ, ed. Georgi Holmes, Vol II. Hagae-Comitum: Apud Joannem Neaulme, 1739.
  • Salisbury, Johannes. Siyasal Yönetim Üzerine Bir İnceleme. ed. Cary J. Nederman, çev. Fatih Durgun. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2023.
  • Stevenson, J., trans. Chronicon de Lanercost. Edinburgh: Maitland Club 1839.
  • Wendy, Childs R., and N. Denholm-Young, trans. Vita Edwardi Secundi. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
  • Walsingham, Thomas. Quondam Monachi S. Albani Historia Anglicana Volume 1 Ad 1272-1381. ed. Henry T. Riley. Vol. I, Londra: Longman Green Longman Roberts and Green, 1863.
  • Araştırma Eserleri
  • Abdal Barışcan “XIV. Yüzyıl İngiliz Tarihyazımana Göre Yüzyıl Savaşları’nın İlk Safhası ve III. Edward İmajı” Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi, 2023.
  • Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980.
  • Chaplais, Pierre. “English Arguments Concerning the Feudal Status of Aquitaine in the Fourteenth Century.” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 21, No: 4 (1948): 203-213.
  • Chaplais, Pierre. Edward II's Adoptive Brother. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1994.
  • Coote, A. Lesley. Prophecy and Public Affairs in Later Medieval England, Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, 2000.
  • Coss, P. R. “Bastard Feudalism Revised.” Past & Present 125 (1989):27-64.
  • Davies, James C. The Baronial Opposition to Edward II; Its Character and Policy; a Study in Administrative History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1918.
  • Dinshaw, Carolyn. Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre- and Postmodern. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1999.
  • Dungam Jr, William H., and Charles T. WODD. ““The Right to Rule in England: Depositions and the Kingdom’s Authority, 1327-1485.” The American Historical Review 8, No: 4 (1976): 738-761.
  • Durgun, Fatih. “Ortaçağ Avrupa Siyaset Düşüncesinde Süreklilik ve Özgünlük: John Fortescue’nün Siyaset ve Yönetim Anlayışının Tarihselliği.” Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi 21, S. 41 (2016): 1-25.
  • Durgun, Fatih. “Geç Ortaçağ İngiliz Toplumunu Anlamak: Tarih Yazıcılığında Bastard Feudalism Kavramının Gelişimi.” Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 32, S. 1 (2017): 47-72.
  • Durgun, Fatih. “Lex Animata ve Lex Facit Regem Prensipleri Çerçevesinde 13. ve 14. Yüzyıllarda İngiliz Siyaset Düşüncesinin Krizi.” İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5 S.1 (2018): 45-59.
  • Fryde, Natalie. The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II 1321-1326. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Haines, Roy M. King Edward II: His Life, His Reign, and Its Aftermath, 1284-1330. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.
  • Horrox, Rosemary, ed. Fifteenth Century Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Hoyt, Robert S. “The Coronation Oath of 1308.” The English Historical Review 71, No: 280 (1956): 353-380.
  • Politics and Crisis in Fourteenth-Century England. Compiled by J. Taylor and W. R. Childs. Gloucester: A. Sutton, 1990.
  • Kantorowicz, Ernst H. “Inalienability: A Note on Canonical Practice and the English Coronation Oath in the Thirteenth Century.” Speculum 29 No:3 (1954): 488-502.
  • Kantorowicz, Ernst H. Kralın İki Bedeni Ortaçağ Siyaset Teolojisi Çalışması. çev. Ümit H. Yolsal. Ankara: BigeSu Yayıncılık, 2018.
  • Maddicott, John R. Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322: a Study in the reign of Edward II. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
  • McKisack, May. The Fourteenth Century, 1307-1399. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.
  • Morris, William A. “The Date of the ‘Modus Tenendi Parliamentum ' The English Historical Review.” The English Historical Review 49, No: 195 (1934): 407-422.
  • Ormrod, W. M. “Agenda for Legislation, 1322-c.1340.” The English Historical Review 105, No: 414 (1990): 1-33.
  • Ormrod, W. M. Edward III. Cornwall: Yale University Press, 2011.
  • Peters, Edward. The Shadow King; Rex Inutilis in Medieval Law and Literature, 751-1327. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.
  • Phillips, Seymour. Edward II. Cornwall: Yale University Press, 2010.
  • Prestwich, Michael. “A New Version of the Ordinances of 1311.” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 57, No:136 (1984): 189-203.
  • Prestwich, Michael. Edward I. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
  • Prestwich, Michael. Plantagenet England 1225-1360. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Raithby, John. The Statutes of the Realm. Compiled by Alexander Luders and Record Commission. Vol. I., London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1963.
  • The Reign of Edward II: New Perspectives. Compiled by Gwilyn Dodd and Anthony Musson. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2006.
  • Richardson, H. G. “The English Coronation Oath.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1941):129-158.
  • Saul, Nigel. “The Despensers and the Downfall of Edward II.” The English Historical Review 99, No: 390 (1984): 1-33.
  • Stubbs, William. Constitutional History of England in Its Origin and Development. Vol. II. III, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1896.
  • Theilmann, John M. “Political Canonization and Political Symbolism in Medieval England.” Journal of British Studies 29, S. 3 (1990): 241-266.
  • Tout. Thomas Frederick. A Political History of England. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1905.
  • Ullmann, Walter. “Thomas Backet's Miraculous Oil.” The Journal of Theological Studies 8, S.1(1957): 129-133.
  • Vale, Malcolm. The Origins of the Hundered Years War The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
  • Valente, Claire. “The Deposition and Abdication of Edward II.” English Historical Review 113, No: 453 (1998): 852-881.
  • Valente, Claire. “The ‘Lament of Edward II’: Religious Lyric, Political Propaganda.” Speculum 77, no. 2 (2002): 422–39.
  • Wilkinson, Bertie. “The Coronation Oath of Edward II and the Statute of York.” Speculum 19, S. 4 (1944): 445-469.
  • Wilkinson, Bertie. The Constitutional History of England, 1216-1399. Vol. II. London: Longmans, 1948.
  • Wilson, Chris G. The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages: The Fourteenth-century Political Community. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.

Fall of the King: Legitimizing Royal Deposition in Late Medieval England in the Case of Edward II

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 181 - 209, 26.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576574

Abstract

Edward II (d.1327) is often regarded as one of the most controversial kings in English history, both in the Late Middle Ages and in contemporary discussions. A key reason for this controversy lies in his ascension to the throne after the death of his father, Edward I. Edward I had crafted a formidable image as a strong ruler, and his son struggled to meet the high expectations that came with it. This disconnection is clearly reflected in 14th-century English historiography, which emphasizes the perceived failures of Edward II’s reign. Throughout his tumultuous 20-year reign, Edward II twice led England into civil war, suffered major military defeats against Scotland and France, and was frequently criticized for his reliance on unpopular courtiers. Ultimately, he became the first English king to be deposed since the Norman Conquest of 1066. His downfall was unprecedented, as it stemmed from internal conflicts. Even playwright William Shakespeare, writing two centuries later, noted that "The breath of worldly men cannot depose the deputy elected by the Lord." reflecting a sentiment shared by 14th-century historians who wrestled with the legitimacy of his removal. As a result, there was a concerted effort among English writers to justify the dethronement of a king they believed had been divinely appointed. The narratives and arguments that emerged during this period will be the main focus of this research. By examining these, we aim to clarify the unique circumstances surrounding the deposition of a legitimate king—an event that was quite rare in medieval England.

References

  • Birincil Kaynaklar
  • “Annales Londonienses.” In Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II,, ed. W. Stubbs. Cambridge Library Collection Rolls. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • “Annales Paulini.” In Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II, ed. W. Stubbs. London: Cambridge Library Collection Rolls. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Anonimalle Chronicle 1307 to 1334, ed. W.R. Childs & J. Taylor, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, cxlvii, for the year 1987 (Leeds, 1991).
  • Avesbury, Robert. Adae Murimuth Continuatio Chronicarum; Robertus de Avesbury de Gestis Mirabilibus Regis Edwardi Tertii. ed. Edward M. Thompson, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Baker, Geoffrey l. The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker. Translated by David G. Preest. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2012.
  • Bel Jean le. Chronique de Jean le Bel, ed. J. Viard & E. Deprez, i, 8 Société de l’Histoire de France: Paris, 1904.
  • Brie, Friedrich W., ed. The Brut, or, The Chronicles of England, Vol.II,. London: Early English Text Society, 1906.
  • Gray, Sir T. The Scalacronica. Translated by Sir H. Maxwell. Glasgow: J. Maclehose, 1907.
  • Froissart, Jean. The Chronicles of Froissart. ed. G. C. Macaulay., trans. John Bourchier. New York: Macmilla Press, 1904.
  • Knighton, Henry. Chronicon Henrici Knighton. ed. J. R. Lumby. Vol. II., London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889.
  • Luard, H. R., ed. Flores Historiarum. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Marlowe, Christopher. Edward II. çev. Özdemir Nutku. İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2017.
  • Murimuth, Adam. Adae Murimuth Continuatio Chronicarum; Robertus de Avesbury de Gestis Mirabilibus Regis Edwardi Tertii. ed. Edward M. Thompson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Riley, H. T., ed. Johannis de Trokelowe et Henrici de Blaneforde, Chronica et Annales. London: Longsman, 1866.
  • Royal MS 20.A.II., British Library (London), 10r-10v.
  • Rymer, Thomas. Conventiones, Literæ, Et cujuscunque generis Acta Publica, Inter Reges Angliæ, ed. Georgi Holmes, Vol II. Hagae-Comitum: Apud Joannem Neaulme, 1739.
  • Salisbury, Johannes. Siyasal Yönetim Üzerine Bir İnceleme. ed. Cary J. Nederman, çev. Fatih Durgun. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2023.
  • Stevenson, J., trans. Chronicon de Lanercost. Edinburgh: Maitland Club 1839.
  • Wendy, Childs R., and N. Denholm-Young, trans. Vita Edwardi Secundi. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
  • Walsingham, Thomas. Quondam Monachi S. Albani Historia Anglicana Volume 1 Ad 1272-1381. ed. Henry T. Riley. Vol. I, Londra: Longman Green Longman Roberts and Green, 1863.
  • Araştırma Eserleri
  • Abdal Barışcan “XIV. Yüzyıl İngiliz Tarihyazımana Göre Yüzyıl Savaşları’nın İlk Safhası ve III. Edward İmajı” Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi, 2023.
  • Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980.
  • Chaplais, Pierre. “English Arguments Concerning the Feudal Status of Aquitaine in the Fourteenth Century.” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 21, No: 4 (1948): 203-213.
  • Chaplais, Pierre. Edward II's Adoptive Brother. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1994.
  • Coote, A. Lesley. Prophecy and Public Affairs in Later Medieval England, Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, 2000.
  • Coss, P. R. “Bastard Feudalism Revised.” Past & Present 125 (1989):27-64.
  • Davies, James C. The Baronial Opposition to Edward II; Its Character and Policy; a Study in Administrative History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1918.
  • Dinshaw, Carolyn. Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre- and Postmodern. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1999.
  • Dungam Jr, William H., and Charles T. WODD. ““The Right to Rule in England: Depositions and the Kingdom’s Authority, 1327-1485.” The American Historical Review 8, No: 4 (1976): 738-761.
  • Durgun, Fatih. “Ortaçağ Avrupa Siyaset Düşüncesinde Süreklilik ve Özgünlük: John Fortescue’nün Siyaset ve Yönetim Anlayışının Tarihselliği.” Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi 21, S. 41 (2016): 1-25.
  • Durgun, Fatih. “Geç Ortaçağ İngiliz Toplumunu Anlamak: Tarih Yazıcılığında Bastard Feudalism Kavramının Gelişimi.” Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 32, S. 1 (2017): 47-72.
  • Durgun, Fatih. “Lex Animata ve Lex Facit Regem Prensipleri Çerçevesinde 13. ve 14. Yüzyıllarda İngiliz Siyaset Düşüncesinin Krizi.” İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5 S.1 (2018): 45-59.
  • Fryde, Natalie. The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II 1321-1326. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Haines, Roy M. King Edward II: His Life, His Reign, and Its Aftermath, 1284-1330. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.
  • Horrox, Rosemary, ed. Fifteenth Century Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Hoyt, Robert S. “The Coronation Oath of 1308.” The English Historical Review 71, No: 280 (1956): 353-380.
  • Politics and Crisis in Fourteenth-Century England. Compiled by J. Taylor and W. R. Childs. Gloucester: A. Sutton, 1990.
  • Kantorowicz, Ernst H. “Inalienability: A Note on Canonical Practice and the English Coronation Oath in the Thirteenth Century.” Speculum 29 No:3 (1954): 488-502.
  • Kantorowicz, Ernst H. Kralın İki Bedeni Ortaçağ Siyaset Teolojisi Çalışması. çev. Ümit H. Yolsal. Ankara: BigeSu Yayıncılık, 2018.
  • Maddicott, John R. Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322: a Study in the reign of Edward II. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
  • McKisack, May. The Fourteenth Century, 1307-1399. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.
  • Morris, William A. “The Date of the ‘Modus Tenendi Parliamentum ' The English Historical Review.” The English Historical Review 49, No: 195 (1934): 407-422.
  • Ormrod, W. M. “Agenda for Legislation, 1322-c.1340.” The English Historical Review 105, No: 414 (1990): 1-33.
  • Ormrod, W. M. Edward III. Cornwall: Yale University Press, 2011.
  • Peters, Edward. The Shadow King; Rex Inutilis in Medieval Law and Literature, 751-1327. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.
  • Phillips, Seymour. Edward II. Cornwall: Yale University Press, 2010.
  • Prestwich, Michael. “A New Version of the Ordinances of 1311.” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 57, No:136 (1984): 189-203.
  • Prestwich, Michael. Edward I. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
  • Prestwich, Michael. Plantagenet England 1225-1360. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Raithby, John. The Statutes of the Realm. Compiled by Alexander Luders and Record Commission. Vol. I., London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1963.
  • The Reign of Edward II: New Perspectives. Compiled by Gwilyn Dodd and Anthony Musson. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2006.
  • Richardson, H. G. “The English Coronation Oath.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1941):129-158.
  • Saul, Nigel. “The Despensers and the Downfall of Edward II.” The English Historical Review 99, No: 390 (1984): 1-33.
  • Stubbs, William. Constitutional History of England in Its Origin and Development. Vol. II. III, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1896.
  • Theilmann, John M. “Political Canonization and Political Symbolism in Medieval England.” Journal of British Studies 29, S. 3 (1990): 241-266.
  • Tout. Thomas Frederick. A Political History of England. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1905.
  • Ullmann, Walter. “Thomas Backet's Miraculous Oil.” The Journal of Theological Studies 8, S.1(1957): 129-133.
  • Vale, Malcolm. The Origins of the Hundered Years War The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
  • Valente, Claire. “The Deposition and Abdication of Edward II.” English Historical Review 113, No: 453 (1998): 852-881.
  • Valente, Claire. “The ‘Lament of Edward II’: Religious Lyric, Political Propaganda.” Speculum 77, no. 2 (2002): 422–39.
  • Wilkinson, Bertie. “The Coronation Oath of Edward II and the Statute of York.” Speculum 19, S. 4 (1944): 445-469.
  • Wilkinson, Bertie. The Constitutional History of England, 1216-1399. Vol. II. London: Longmans, 1948.
  • Wilson, Chris G. The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages: The Fourteenth-century Political Community. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medieval European History, Medieval History (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Barışcan Abdal 0000-0003-4019-9889

Early Pub Date June 25, 2025
Publication Date June 26, 2025
Submission Date October 31, 2024
Acceptance Date May 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Abdal, B. (2025). Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 181-209. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576574
AMA Abdal B. Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği. OAD. June 2025;8(1):181-209. doi:10.48120/oad.1576574
Chicago Abdal, Barışcan. “Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 1 (June 2025): 181-209. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576574.
EndNote Abdal B (June 1, 2025) Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 1 181–209.
IEEE B. Abdal, “Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği”, OAD, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 181–209, 2025, doi: 10.48120/oad.1576574.
ISNAD Abdal, Barışcan. “Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/1 (June 2025), 181-209. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1576574.
JAMA Abdal B. Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği. OAD. 2025;8:181–209.
MLA Abdal, Barışcan. “Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, pp. 181-09, doi:10.48120/oad.1576574.
Vancouver Abdal B. Kralı Devirmek: Geç Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Kralın Tahttan İndirilmesini Meşrulaştırma Probleminde II. Edward Örneği. OAD. 2025;8(1):181-209.

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