Certification decision of forest products industry in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey and the effects of this decision

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the certification-directed decision of the forest products industry in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey and the effects of that decision. In the second part of the research, “the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)” technique was used to model the decision process that manufacturers can use when deciding whether to be certified or not. There are two target groups in the research. These are wood-based non-certified forest products manufacturers and certified forest products manufacturers in the Western Mediterranean Region. According to the Social Security Institution (SGK) records, 10 non-certified forest products manufacturers with more than 30 employees, medium and large-scale, were included in the study. As certified forest products manufacturers, 4 manufacturers producing forest products that were certified by FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), an independent third party certification company, were taken at the time of the study. AHP technique outcome calculated for the non-certified manufacturers is to produce both certified and non-certified forest products. However, the AHP technique outcome has revealed that certified manufacturers should produce only certified forest products.

Keywords

• AHP technique,certification,forest products industry,multi criteria decision making,Western Mediterranean Region

Batı Akdeniz Bölgesindeki orman ürünleri sanayinin sertifikasyona yönelik kararı ve bu kararın etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Batı Akdeniz Bölgesindeki orman ürünleri sanayinin sertifikasyona yönelik kararı ve bu kararın etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada imalatçıların sertifikalı olup olmama kararı vereceklerinde kullanabilecekleri karar sürecini modellemek için “Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS)” tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada iki hedef kitle bulunmaktadır. Bunlar; Batı Akdeniz Bölgesindeki odun esaslı sertifikalı olmayan orman ürünleri imalatçıları ve sertifikalı orman ürünleri imalatçılarıdır. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) kayıtlarına göre çalışan sayısı 30 kişiden fazla, orta ve büyük ölçekli olan 10 sertifikalı olmayan orman ürünleri imalatçıları çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Sertifikalı orman ürünleri imalatçıları olarak ise araştırmanın yürütüleceği zamanda bağımsız bir üçüncü taraf sertifikasyon kuruluşu olan FSC (Orman Yönetim Konseyi) tarafından sertifikasyona tabi tutulmuş orman ürünleri üreten 4 imalatçı alınmıştır. Sertifikalı olmayan imalatçılar için hesaplanan AHS tekniği çıktısı, hem sertifikalı hem sertifikalı olmayan orman ürünü üretmedir. Bununla birlikte AHS tekniği, sertifikalı imalatçıların sadece sertifikalı orman ürünü üretmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• orman ürünleri sanayi,AHS tekniği,Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi,çok kriterli karar verme,sertifikasyon

References

1. Aguilar, F. X., Vlosky, R. P., 2007. Consumer Willingness to Pay Price Premiums for Environmentally Certified Wood Products in the U. S. Forest Policy and Economics, 9 (8), pp: 1100-1112.
2. Anderson, R. C., Hansen, E. N., 2004. Determining Consumer Preferences for Ecolabeled Forest Products. Journal of Forestry, 102 (4), pp: 28-32.
3. Bartley, T., 2003. Certifying Forests and Factories: States, Social Movements, and the Rise of Private Regulations in the Apparel and Forest Products Fields. Polit. Soc., 31 (3), pp: 433-464.
4. Bigsby, H., Ozanne, L. K., 2002. The Purchase Decision: Consumers and Environmentally Certified Wood Products. Forest Products Journal, 52 (7/8), pp: 100-105.
5. Bowyer, J. L., 2008. The Green Movement and the Forest Products Industry. Forest Products Journal, 58 (7/8), pp: 6-13.
6. Chen, J., Innes, J. L., Tikina, A., 2010. Private Cost-Benefits of Voluntary Forest Product Certification. International Forestry Review, 12 (1), pp: 1-12.
7. Durst, P. B., Mckenzie, P. J., Brown, C. L., Appanah, S., 2006. Challenges Facing Certification and Eco-Labelling of Forest Products in Developing Countries. International Forestry Review, 8 (2), pp: 193-200.
8. Ebeling, J., Yasue, M., 2009. The Effectiveness of Market-Based Conservation in the Tropics: Forest Certification in Ecuador and Bolivia. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, pp: 1145-1153.

9. Forsyth, K., Haley, D., Kozak, R., 1999. Will Costumers Pay More for Certified Wood Products? Journal of Forestry, 97 (2), pp: 18-22.
10. Hansen, E., 1997. Forest Certification and its Role in Marketing Strategy. Forest Products Journal, 47 (3), pp: 16-22.
11. Hubbard, S. S., Bowe, S. A., 2005. Environmentally Certified Wood Products: Perspectives and Experiences of Primary Wood Manufactures in Wisconsin. Forest Products Journal, 55 (1), pp: 33-40.
12. Jayasinghe, P., Allen, D. S., Bull, G. Q., Kozak, R. A., 2007. The Status of Forest Certification in the Canadian Value-Added Wood Products Manufacturing Sector. The Forestry Chronicle, 83 (1), pp: 113-125.
13. Jensen, K., Jakus, P. M., English, B., Menard, J., 2003. Market Participation and Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Certified Products. Forest Science, 49 (4), pp: 632-641.
14. Kiekens, J. P., 2000. Forest Certification. Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, Quebec City, October 5, Canada.
15. Kozak, R. A., Cohen, D. H., Lerner, J., Bull, G. Q., 2004. Western Canadian Consumer Attitudes towards Certified Value-Added Wood Products: An Exploratory Assessment. Forest Products Journal, 54 (9), pp: 21-24.
16. Kumar N. V., Ganesh, L. S., 1996. A Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Approximate and Exact Eigenvector Methods Employed in AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, Volume: 95, pp: 656-662.
17. Lee, L. M., 1995. A Methodology for Generating Alternative Land Use Plans Using GIS Modeling Techniques. Thesis (PhD), University of Washington, Washington, 201 pages, U.S.A.
18. Mohamed, S., Ibrahim, M. L., 2007. Preliminary Study on Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Certified Wood Products among Consumers in Malaysia. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7 (9), pp: 1339-1342.
19. Myers, J. H., Alpert, M. I., 1968. Determinant Buying Attitudes: Meaning and Measurement. Journal of Marketing, Volume: 32, July, pp: 13-20.
20. Ozanne, L. K., Vlosky, R. P., 1997. Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Certified Wood Products: A Consumer Perspective. Forest Products Journal, 47 (6), pp: 39-48.
21. Ozanne, L. K., Vlosky, R. P., 2003. Certification from the US Consumer Perspective: A Comparison from 1995 and 2000. Forest Products Journal, 53 (3), pp: 13-21.
22. Rametsteiner, E., Simula, M., 2003. Forest Certification – An Instrument to Promote Sustainable Forest Management? Journal of Environmental Management, 67 (1), pp: 87-98.
23. Ratnasingam, J., Macpherson, T. H., Joras, F., 2008. An Assessment of Malaysian Wooden Furniture Manufacturers’ Readiness to Embrace Chain of Custody (CoC) Certification. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 66, pp: 339-343.
24. Saaty, T. L., 1977. A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume: 15, pp: 234-281.
25. Saaty, T. L., 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process - Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York, U.S.A.
26. Saaty, T. L., 1990. How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operations Research, Volume: 48, pp: 9-26.
27. Saaty, T. L., 1994. How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Interfaces, Volume: 24, No: 6, pp: 19-43.
28. Schmoldt, D. L., Peterson, D. L., Smith, R. L., 1994. The Analytic Hierarchy Process and Participatory Decision Making. Proceedings from Decision Support 2001, Volume: 1, 17th Annual Geographic Information Seminar and the Resource Technology 94 Symposium, Toronto, Ontario, September 12-16, 1994.
29. Stevens, J., Ahmad, M., Ruddell, S., 1998. Forest Products Certification: A Survey of Manufacturers. Forest Products Journal, 48 (6), pp: 43-49.
30. Tikina, A. V., Innes, J. L., 2008. A Framework for Assessing the Effectiveness of Forest Certification. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 38 (6), pp: 1357-1365.
31. Vidal, N., Kozak, R., Cohen, D., 2005. Chain of Custody Certification: An Assessment of the North American Solid Wood Sector. Forest Policy and Economics, 7 (3), pp: 345-355.
32. Vlosky, R. P., Ozanne, L. K., 1998. Environmental Certification of Wood Products: The U. S. Manufacturers’ Perspective. Forest Products Journal, 48 (9), pp: 21-26.
33. Yılmaz, E., 1999. Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Kullanılarak Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Problemlerinin Çözümü. DOA Dergisi, No: 5, Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayını, Sayfa: 95-122, Tarsus.
34. Yılmaz, E., 2005. Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Tekniği ve Orman Kaynakları Planlamasına Uygulanması Örnekleri. DOA Dergisi, No: 11, Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayını, Sayfa: 1–33, Tarsus.
35. Yılmaz, E., Coşgun, U., Koçak, Z., Ay, Z., Orhan, K. H., 2009. Katılımcı Yaklaşımla Ekoturizm Stratejilerinin Belirlenmesi ve Önceliklendirilmesi: Cehennemdere Vadisi ve Köprülü Kanyon Milli Parkı Örnekleri. T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Teknik Bülten, Tarsus, pp: 78.
36. Yılmaz, E., Alkan, S., Kayacan, A., Bayir, Y., Mavi, Z., 2020: Sertifikasyonun Batı Akdeniz Orman Ürünleri Sanayisi Üzerindeki Etkileri. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Sonuçlanan Proje Sonuç Raporu, 100 sayfa, Antalya.