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Plantation success besides seed and seedling characteristics of Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt provenances in the Aegean Region

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 129 - 143
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1682797

Abstract

Seeds of Quercus ithaburensis Decne supsp. macrolepis (Valonia oak) were collected from Kula, Burhaniye, Gördes, Banaz, Selendi, and Seferihisar provenances (populations). Seeds’ characteristics and 2+0 container seedlings’ morphological and physiological traits were determined. Field tests using a randomized block design were established with these seedlings in İzmir, Manisa, and Balıkesir. No significant differences were found among the provenances in seed characteristics. While no significant differences were observed among the provenances in seedling characteristics such as root collar diameter, number of lateral roots, and root fresh weight, significant differences were found in seedling height, root length, root dry weight, stem fresh and dry weights, and robustness index. In individual field tests, the Selendi provenance ranked in the best group in terms of both seedling height and root collar diameter. When the pooling data of the three field tests was evaluated, only the seedling height trait was statistically different among provenances. The potential for establishing fire-resistant mixed forests with Valonia oak and the need for research on climate change in the “Cerris section” indicate that Valonia oak field tests should be continued for a long time, and further research should be conducted.

Project Number

15. 1301/2017-2023-2024

References

  • Afroze, F., Douglas, G. C., Grogan, H. 2021. A comparative study on seed physiology and germination requirements for 15 species of Eucalyptus. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 33(4):411-425
  • Allen, J. A., Keeland, B.D., Stanturf, J.A., Clewell, A.F., Kennedy, H.E., 2001. A Guide to Bottomland Hardwood Restoration. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-40, USDA Forest Service
  • Avishai, M., 2016. Vallonea or Aegilops oaks, a Short Review. internationaloaksociety.org/content/vallonea-or-aegilops-oaks-short-review, (Ziyaret tarihi: 26.08.2024)
  • Bergmeier, E., Capelo, J., Di Pietro, R., Guarino, R., Kavgacı, A., Loidi, J., Tsiripidis, I., Xystrakis, F., 2021. Back to the Future’- Oak wood-pasture for wildfire prevention in the Mediterranean. Plant Sociology 58: 41-48
  • Bilgin, S., 2019. Fıstıkçamı (Pinus pinea L.), palamut meşesi (Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.) ve saçlı meşe (Quercus cerris L.) fidanlarının fidan kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry 20(4): 297-304
  • Bonner, F. T. 1984. Testing for seed quality in southern oaks. Res. Note SO-306. New Orleans, LA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 6 p., 306.
  • Can, M., Bulut, E., Örnek, A., Özacar, M., 2013. Synthesis and characterization of valonea tannin resin and its interaction with palladium (II), rhodium (III) chloro complexes. Chemical Engineering Journal 221: 146-158
  • Chancellor, P. M., 1985. Handbook of the Bach Flower Remedies. C. W. Daniel Co. Ltd., ISBN: 85207 002 0
  • Clark, S. L., Schlarbaum, S. E., Schweitzer, C. J., 2015. Effects of visual grading on northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings planted in two shelterwood stands on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee, USA. Forests 6(10): 3779-3798
  • Çalışkan, S., Boydak, M., 2017. Afforestation of arid and semiarid ecosystems in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 41(5): 317-330
  • Çiçek, E, Tilki, F., 2007. Seed size effects on germination, survival and seedling growth of Castanea sativa Mill. J. Biol. Sci. 7: 438-441
  • Deligöz, A., Genç, M., Özçelik, H., 2009. Kalite sınıflamasının Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] fidanlarının arazi performansına etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri: A (2): 37-50
  • Dickson, A., Leaf, A. L., Hosner, J. F., 1960. Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forest Chronicle 36: 10-13
  • Doğan, Y., Başlar, S., Kanisanh, M., 2000. Batı Anadolu’da yayılış gösteren Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschhy) Hedge et Yalt. (Fagaceae) (Palamut meşesi) üzerinde ekolojik bir araştırma. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi 35: 22-25
  • Dufour‐Dror, J. M., Ertas, A., 2004. Bioclimatic perspectives in the distribution of Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subspecies in Turkey and in the Levant. Journal of Biogeography 31(3): 461-474
  • Gordon, A. M., Simpson, J. A., Williams, P. A., 1995. Six-year response of red oak seedlings planted under a shelterwood in central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25(4): 603-613
  • Gültekin, H. C., 2014. Önemli Orman Ağaçlarının Fidan Üretim Teknikleri. Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü, Çeşitli Yayınları Serisi: 26. Ankara
  • Hedge, I., Yaltırık, F., 1982. Quercus L. p. 659-683. Şu eserde: Davis P. H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 7. Edinburgh
  • IPCC, 2022. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Ziyaret tarihi: 28.06.2024)
  • ISTA, 2017. International Seed Testing Association. International Rules for Seed Testing. ista.org/docs/ISTA_2017_Guidelines.pdf (Ziyaret tarihi: 28.06.2024)
  • İnal, S., 1952. Türkiye ve Yunanistan'da palamut meşesi ve ekonomik önemi. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 2(1): 107-119
  • Jacobs, D. F., Salifu, K. F., Seifert, J. R., 2005. Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings. New Forests 30: 235-251
  • Kaplan, D., Gutman, M., 1999. Phenology of Quercus ithaburensis with emphasis on the effect of fire. Forest Ecology and Management 115(1): 61-70
  • Kavgacı, A., Balpınar, N., Öner, H. H., Arslan, M., Bonari, G., Chytrý, M., Čarni, A., 2021. Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey. Applied Vegetation Science 24(2): e12589
  • Kremer, A., Hipp, A. L., 2020. Oaks: An evolutionary success story. New Phytologist, 226(4): 987-1011
  • Lados, B. B., Benke, A., Borovics, A., Köbölkuti, Z. A., Molnár, C. É., Nagy, L., Toth, E. G., Cseke, K., 2024. What we know about Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) from evolutionary history to species ecology. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 97(4): 497-511
  • Li, Y., Suontama, M., Burdon, R. D., Dungey, H. S., 2017. Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: Review of methodology and perspectives on research and application. Tree Genetics & Genomes 13:1-18
  • Odabaşı, T., Çalışkan, A., Bozkuş, H. F., 2004. Silvikültür Tekniği (Silvikültür II), İstanbul Üniv. Yayın No: 4459, Orman Fak. Yayın No: 475. İstanbul
  • OGM, 2021. T.C. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye Orman Varlığı, 2020. Ankara
  • OGM, 2022. Meşe Palamudu Eylem Planı (2022-2026). Ankara
  • Özcan, A. U., 2021. Sulakyurt kalıntı Anadolu palamut meşesi (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.) ormanı, tehditler ve koruma önerileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry 22(1): 8-16
  • Pantera, A., Papanastasis, V.P., 2012. Competitive effects of herbaceous species on water potential and growth of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis seedlings. Global Nest J. 14(4): 525-531
  • Papadopoulos, A., Pantera, A., 2016. Dendrochronological investigations of Valonia oak trees in Western Greece. South-east European forestry: SEEFOR 7(1): 29-37
  • Paul, C., Brandl, S., Friedrich, S., Falk, W., Härtl, F., Knoke, T., 2019. Climate change and mixed forests: How do altered survival probabilities impact economically desirable species proportions of Norway spruce and European beech? Annals of Forest Science 76:1-15
  • Pizzi, A., 2019. Tannins: Prospectives and actual industrial applications. Biomolecules 9(8): 344
  • Pope, P.E., 1993. A Historical Perspective of Planting and Seeding Oaks: Progress, Problems, and Status. Şu eserde: Loftis D. & McGee C.E., (eds.), Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations (Symposium Proceedings). Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-84. USDA, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Asheville: s224-240
  • Procházková, Z., Bezděčková, L. 2008. Effects of moisture content, storage temperature and type of storage bag on the germination and viability of stored European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds. Journal of forest science 54(7): 287-293
  • Puttonen, P., 1997 Looking for the ‘‘silver bullet’’ - Can one test do it all? New For. 13: 9-27
  • Roller, K.J., 1977. Suggested Minimum Standards for Containerised Seedlings in Nova Scotia. Department of Fisheries and Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report M-X-69
  • SAS Institute Inc., 2002. SAS/STAT Users’ Guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA
  • Siam, A. M., Radoglou, K. M., Noitsakis, B., Smiris, P., 2009. Differences in ecophysiological responses to summer drought between seedlings of three deciduous oak species. Forest Ecology and Management 258(1): 35-42
  • Struve, D. K., Joly, R. J., 1992. Transplanted red oak (Qurecus robur) mediate transplant shock by rrducing leaf surface area and altering carbon allocation. Canadian Journal of Forest Resources 22: 1441-1448
  • Thurm, E. A., Uhl, E., Pretzsch, H., 2016. Mixture reduces climate sensitivity of Douglas-fir stem growth. Forest Ecology and Management 376: 205-220
  • TS 5624, 1988. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (tse.org). Yapraklı Orman Ağacı Fidanları Standardı. Ankara
  • Tsakaldimi, M., Zagas, T., Tsitsoni, T., Ganatsas, P., 2005. Root morphology, stem growth and field performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean evergreen oaks species raised in different container types. Plant Soil 278: 85-93
  • Ürgenç, S., 1998. Ağaçlandırma Tekniği. İstanbul Üniv. Yayın No: 3994, Orman Fak. Yayın No: 441. İstanbul
  • Wilson, E.R., Vitols, K., Park, A., 2007. Root characteristics and growth potential of container and bare-root seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ontario, Canada. New For. 34: 163-176
  • Yaltırık, F., 1984. Türkiye Meşeleri Teşhis Kılavuzu. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı. (Orman) Genel Müd. Yayını, Yenilik Basımevi, İstanbul
  • Yılmaz, H., 2018. Quercus L. (Meşeler). (Ed.: Ü. Akkemik). Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, Ankara, s. 338-356
  • Young, T. P., Evans, R. Y., 2005. Initial mortality and root and shoot growth of valley oak seedlings outplanted as seeds and as container stock under different irrigation regimes. Native Plants Journal 6(1): 83-90
  • Zadworny, M., Mucha, J., Jagodziński, A. M., Kościelniak, P., Łakomy, P., Modrzejewski, M., Ufnalski, K., Żytkowiak, R., Comas, L. H., Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J., 2021. Seedling regeneration techniques affect root systems and the response of Quercus robur seedlings to water shortages. Forest Ecology and Management 479: 118552

Ege Bölgesi Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt orijinlerinde tohum ve fidan özellikleri ile ağaçlandırma başarısı

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 129 - 143
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1682797

Abstract

Quercus ithaburensis Decne supsp. macrolepis (Anadolu plamut meşesi) Kula, Burhaniye, Gördes, Banaz, Selendi ve Seferihisar orijinlerinden (popülasyonlar) tohumlar toplanmış, tohum özellikleri ve 2+0 yaşlı tüplü fidanların morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Bu fidanlarla İzmir, Manisa ve Balıkesir’de rastlantı blokları deneme deseni kullanılarak arazi denemeleri kurulmuştur. Tohum özelliklerinde orijinler arası farklılık ortaya çıkmamıştır. Fidan özelliklerinden kök boğazı çapı, yan kök adedi, kök taze ağırlığı açısından orijinler arasında anlamlı fark görülmezken, fidan boyu, kök uzunluğu, kök kuru ağırlığı, gövde taze ve kuru ağırlıkları ile gürbüzlük indisi açısından orijinler arasında anlamlı farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Tek tek deneme alanlarında Selendi orijini hem fidan boyu ve hem de kök boğazı çapında en iyi grupta yer almıştır. Üç deneme birlikte değerlendirildiğinde ise orijinler arasında yalnızca fidan boyunda fark gözlenmiştir. Anadolu palamut meşesi ile yangına dirençli karışık ormanların kurulma potansiyeli, “Cerris section”da iklim değişikliği üzerine araştırmalarına olan gereksinim, Anadolu palamut meşesi denemelerinin uzun süre devam ettirilmesini, daha ileri araştırmalar yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Supporting Institution

Ege Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü

Project Number

15. 1301/2017-2023-2024

Thanks

Bu makale, Ege Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü tarafından yürütülen “Anadolu Palamut Meşesi (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge &Yalt.) Ege Bölgesi Orijinlerinin Tohum, Fidan Özellikleri ve Dikim Başarısı” adlı ve 15.1301/2017-2023-2024 nolu Projenin, OGM Araştırma İhtisas Gruplarına sunulan ve kabul edilen Proje Raporundan üretilmiştir. Bu kpsamda Projeye destek sağlayan Orman Ağaçları ve Tohumları Islah Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’ne, Ege Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğümüz Toprak Laboratuvarına (Dr. Rabia Günhan), fidan üretimi safhasında yardımcı olan Muradiye Orman Fidanlığına, çalışmanın arazi deneme alanlarının kurulması, korunması ve bakımında yardımcı olan İzmir ve Balıkesir Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerine, Gaziemir Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Ağaçlandırma Mühendisliğine, İvrindi Orman İşletme Şefliğine, Demirci Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Ağaçlandırma Mühendisliğine ve Borlu Orman İşletme Şefliğine, birçok konuda desteğini gördüğümüz Orm. Yüksek. Müh. Niyazi Çankaya’ya ve çalışmada emeği geçen Ege Ormancılık Enstitü Müdürlüğü personeline teşekkürü borç biliriz.

References

  • Afroze, F., Douglas, G. C., Grogan, H. 2021. A comparative study on seed physiology and germination requirements for 15 species of Eucalyptus. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 33(4):411-425
  • Allen, J. A., Keeland, B.D., Stanturf, J.A., Clewell, A.F., Kennedy, H.E., 2001. A Guide to Bottomland Hardwood Restoration. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-40, USDA Forest Service
  • Avishai, M., 2016. Vallonea or Aegilops oaks, a Short Review. internationaloaksociety.org/content/vallonea-or-aegilops-oaks-short-review, (Ziyaret tarihi: 26.08.2024)
  • Bergmeier, E., Capelo, J., Di Pietro, R., Guarino, R., Kavgacı, A., Loidi, J., Tsiripidis, I., Xystrakis, F., 2021. Back to the Future’- Oak wood-pasture for wildfire prevention in the Mediterranean. Plant Sociology 58: 41-48
  • Bilgin, S., 2019. Fıstıkçamı (Pinus pinea L.), palamut meşesi (Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.) ve saçlı meşe (Quercus cerris L.) fidanlarının fidan kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry 20(4): 297-304
  • Bonner, F. T. 1984. Testing for seed quality in southern oaks. Res. Note SO-306. New Orleans, LA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 6 p., 306.
  • Can, M., Bulut, E., Örnek, A., Özacar, M., 2013. Synthesis and characterization of valonea tannin resin and its interaction with palladium (II), rhodium (III) chloro complexes. Chemical Engineering Journal 221: 146-158
  • Chancellor, P. M., 1985. Handbook of the Bach Flower Remedies. C. W. Daniel Co. Ltd., ISBN: 85207 002 0
  • Clark, S. L., Schlarbaum, S. E., Schweitzer, C. J., 2015. Effects of visual grading on northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings planted in two shelterwood stands on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee, USA. Forests 6(10): 3779-3798
  • Çalışkan, S., Boydak, M., 2017. Afforestation of arid and semiarid ecosystems in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 41(5): 317-330
  • Çiçek, E, Tilki, F., 2007. Seed size effects on germination, survival and seedling growth of Castanea sativa Mill. J. Biol. Sci. 7: 438-441
  • Deligöz, A., Genç, M., Özçelik, H., 2009. Kalite sınıflamasının Anadolu karaçamı [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] fidanlarının arazi performansına etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri: A (2): 37-50
  • Dickson, A., Leaf, A. L., Hosner, J. F., 1960. Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forest Chronicle 36: 10-13
  • Doğan, Y., Başlar, S., Kanisanh, M., 2000. Batı Anadolu’da yayılış gösteren Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschhy) Hedge et Yalt. (Fagaceae) (Palamut meşesi) üzerinde ekolojik bir araştırma. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi 35: 22-25
  • Dufour‐Dror, J. M., Ertas, A., 2004. Bioclimatic perspectives in the distribution of Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subspecies in Turkey and in the Levant. Journal of Biogeography 31(3): 461-474
  • Gordon, A. M., Simpson, J. A., Williams, P. A., 1995. Six-year response of red oak seedlings planted under a shelterwood in central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25(4): 603-613
  • Gültekin, H. C., 2014. Önemli Orman Ağaçlarının Fidan Üretim Teknikleri. Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü, Çeşitli Yayınları Serisi: 26. Ankara
  • Hedge, I., Yaltırık, F., 1982. Quercus L. p. 659-683. Şu eserde: Davis P. H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 7. Edinburgh
  • IPCC, 2022. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Ziyaret tarihi: 28.06.2024)
  • ISTA, 2017. International Seed Testing Association. International Rules for Seed Testing. ista.org/docs/ISTA_2017_Guidelines.pdf (Ziyaret tarihi: 28.06.2024)
  • İnal, S., 1952. Türkiye ve Yunanistan'da palamut meşesi ve ekonomik önemi. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 2(1): 107-119
  • Jacobs, D. F., Salifu, K. F., Seifert, J. R., 2005. Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings. New Forests 30: 235-251
  • Kaplan, D., Gutman, M., 1999. Phenology of Quercus ithaburensis with emphasis on the effect of fire. Forest Ecology and Management 115(1): 61-70
  • Kavgacı, A., Balpınar, N., Öner, H. H., Arslan, M., Bonari, G., Chytrý, M., Čarni, A., 2021. Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey. Applied Vegetation Science 24(2): e12589
  • Kremer, A., Hipp, A. L., 2020. Oaks: An evolutionary success story. New Phytologist, 226(4): 987-1011
  • Lados, B. B., Benke, A., Borovics, A., Köbölkuti, Z. A., Molnár, C. É., Nagy, L., Toth, E. G., Cseke, K., 2024. What we know about Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) from evolutionary history to species ecology. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 97(4): 497-511
  • Li, Y., Suontama, M., Burdon, R. D., Dungey, H. S., 2017. Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: Review of methodology and perspectives on research and application. Tree Genetics & Genomes 13:1-18
  • Odabaşı, T., Çalışkan, A., Bozkuş, H. F., 2004. Silvikültür Tekniği (Silvikültür II), İstanbul Üniv. Yayın No: 4459, Orman Fak. Yayın No: 475. İstanbul
  • OGM, 2021. T.C. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye Orman Varlığı, 2020. Ankara
  • OGM, 2022. Meşe Palamudu Eylem Planı (2022-2026). Ankara
  • Özcan, A. U., 2021. Sulakyurt kalıntı Anadolu palamut meşesi (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.) ormanı, tehditler ve koruma önerileri. Turkish Journal of Forestry 22(1): 8-16
  • Pantera, A., Papanastasis, V.P., 2012. Competitive effects of herbaceous species on water potential and growth of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis seedlings. Global Nest J. 14(4): 525-531
  • Papadopoulos, A., Pantera, A., 2016. Dendrochronological investigations of Valonia oak trees in Western Greece. South-east European forestry: SEEFOR 7(1): 29-37
  • Paul, C., Brandl, S., Friedrich, S., Falk, W., Härtl, F., Knoke, T., 2019. Climate change and mixed forests: How do altered survival probabilities impact economically desirable species proportions of Norway spruce and European beech? Annals of Forest Science 76:1-15
  • Pizzi, A., 2019. Tannins: Prospectives and actual industrial applications. Biomolecules 9(8): 344
  • Pope, P.E., 1993. A Historical Perspective of Planting and Seeding Oaks: Progress, Problems, and Status. Şu eserde: Loftis D. & McGee C.E., (eds.), Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations (Symposium Proceedings). Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-84. USDA, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Asheville: s224-240
  • Procházková, Z., Bezděčková, L. 2008. Effects of moisture content, storage temperature and type of storage bag on the germination and viability of stored European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds. Journal of forest science 54(7): 287-293
  • Puttonen, P., 1997 Looking for the ‘‘silver bullet’’ - Can one test do it all? New For. 13: 9-27
  • Roller, K.J., 1977. Suggested Minimum Standards for Containerised Seedlings in Nova Scotia. Department of Fisheries and Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report M-X-69
  • SAS Institute Inc., 2002. SAS/STAT Users’ Guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA
  • Siam, A. M., Radoglou, K. M., Noitsakis, B., Smiris, P., 2009. Differences in ecophysiological responses to summer drought between seedlings of three deciduous oak species. Forest Ecology and Management 258(1): 35-42
  • Struve, D. K., Joly, R. J., 1992. Transplanted red oak (Qurecus robur) mediate transplant shock by rrducing leaf surface area and altering carbon allocation. Canadian Journal of Forest Resources 22: 1441-1448
  • Thurm, E. A., Uhl, E., Pretzsch, H., 2016. Mixture reduces climate sensitivity of Douglas-fir stem growth. Forest Ecology and Management 376: 205-220
  • TS 5624, 1988. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (tse.org). Yapraklı Orman Ağacı Fidanları Standardı. Ankara
  • Tsakaldimi, M., Zagas, T., Tsitsoni, T., Ganatsas, P., 2005. Root morphology, stem growth and field performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean evergreen oaks species raised in different container types. Plant Soil 278: 85-93
  • Ürgenç, S., 1998. Ağaçlandırma Tekniği. İstanbul Üniv. Yayın No: 3994, Orman Fak. Yayın No: 441. İstanbul
  • Wilson, E.R., Vitols, K., Park, A., 2007. Root characteristics and growth potential of container and bare-root seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ontario, Canada. New For. 34: 163-176
  • Yaltırık, F., 1984. Türkiye Meşeleri Teşhis Kılavuzu. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı. (Orman) Genel Müd. Yayını, Yenilik Basımevi, İstanbul
  • Yılmaz, H., 2018. Quercus L. (Meşeler). (Ed.: Ü. Akkemik). Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, Ankara, s. 338-356
  • Young, T. P., Evans, R. Y., 2005. Initial mortality and root and shoot growth of valley oak seedlings outplanted as seeds and as container stock under different irrigation regimes. Native Plants Journal 6(1): 83-90
  • Zadworny, M., Mucha, J., Jagodziński, A. M., Kościelniak, P., Łakomy, P., Modrzejewski, M., Ufnalski, K., Żytkowiak, R., Comas, L. H., Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J., 2021. Seedling regeneration techniques affect root systems and the response of Quercus robur seedlings to water shortages. Forest Ecology and Management 479: 118552
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Silviculture
Journal Section Growing
Authors

Arzu Yücel 0000-0002-6982-947X

Murat Alan 0000-0002-0226-1664

Erdal Örtel 0000-0002-0580-7423

Can Acar 0000-0003-2519-5740

Sebahattin Bilge 0009-0005-9567-0799

Selahattin Aydın 0009-0006-0953-3163

Kemalettin Gürboy 0000-0002-4158-655X

Project Number 15. 1301/2017-2023-2024
Early Pub Date July 24, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date April 26, 2025
Acceptance Date July 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yücel, A., Alan, M., Örtel, E., Acar, C., et al. (2025). Ege Bölgesi Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt orijinlerinde tohum ve fidan özellikleri ile ağaçlandırma başarısı. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 12(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1682797
Creative Commons License
Turkish Journal of Forestry Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.