Gelenekle Kurulan Rasyonalitenin İmkânı: Alasdair MacIntyre’ın Etik ve Politik Felsefesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Alasdair MacIntyre’ın liberal rasyonalizme yönelttiği eleştiriler üzerinden, birey, toplum, gelenek ve ortak iyi arasındaki ilişkinin felsefi bir temelde yeniden düşünülmesini amaçlamaktadır. MacIntyre, Aydınlanma sonrası rasyonalite anlayışının evrenselci ve soyut doğasının, bireyi tarihsel ve toplumsal bağlarından kopardığını ve bu kopuşun ahlaki uzlaşmazlıkları derinleştirdiğini ileri sürer. Etik ve politik akıl yürütmenin, ancak belirli sosyal pratiklerde ve gelenek içinde anlam kazanabildiği Aristotelesçi erdem etiğini merkeze alan MacIntyre, modern liberal kültürün bireyci yapısına karşı, geleneğe dayalı bir rasyonalite anlayışı ve ortak iyiye yönelen bir siyasal tahayyül sunar. Nihayetinde, MacIntyre’ın yaklaşımı, liberalizmin bireyselci zeminine karşı, cumhuriyetçi-komüniteryan bir etik-politik alternatif inşa etme girişimi olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

• MacIntyre
• Aristoteles
• rasyonalizm
• gelenek
• komüniteryanizm

The Possibility of Tradition-Constituted Rationality: The Ethical and Political Philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre

Abstract

This study is an attempt to reconsider the relationship between the individual, society, tradition, and the common good philosophically through Alasdair MacIntyre’s critique of liberal rationalism. MacIntyre contends that the universalist and abstract nature of post-Enlightenment notion of rationality detaches the individual from historical and social contexts, thereby deepening moral disagreements. Centering on Aristotelian virtue ethics, which holds that ethical and political reasoning can only attain meaning within specific social practices and traditions, MacIntyre offers a conception of tradition constituted rationality and a political prospect oriented toward the common good, in contrast to the individualistic structure of modern liberal culture. In conclusion, MacIntyre’s approach is also evaluated as an attempt to construct republican-communitarian ethical-political alternative to the individualistic foundations of liberalism.

Keywords

• MacIntyre
• Aristotle
• rationalism
• tradition
• communitarianism

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