İşe Adanmışlığın İşyeri Tutumlarına Etkisi: Hatay’daki 9 İşletmede Yapılan Ampirik Araştırmanın Sonuçları

Abstract

Bu çalışma işe adanmışlığın çalışanın işyeri tutumlarına etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın ampirik sonuçları Hatay’da faaliyet gösteren dokuz farklı işletmenin 268 çalışanından toplanan veriye dayanmaktadır. Korelasyon ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi, araştırma modelinde yer alan üç araştırma hipotezini test etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Sonuçlar, işe adanmışlığın çalışanın iş tatminini ve örgütsel bağlılığını pozitif ve anlamlı, işten ayrılma niyetini ise negatif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediğini göstermektedir. İşe adanmışlığı arttırmak suretiyle çalışanın işyeri tutumlarının olumlu yönde geliştirilebileceği bu araştırmanın katkılarından biridir. Gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar işe adanmışlığın çalışanın tutumları üzerindeki etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için aracı ve moderatör faktörler üzerinde odaklanmalıdır.

Keywords

• İşe adanmışlık, iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılık, işten ayrılma niyeti

The Effect of Job Engagement on Job Attitudes: Results of Empirical Research Conducted in 9 Business Organizations in Hatay

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of job engagement on employee’s job attitudes. The empirical results of the study are based on data collected from 268 employees of nine different organizations operating in Hatay. Correlation and hierarchical regression analysis are employed to test three hypotheses of the research model. The results show that job engagement is a significant and positive antecedent of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and a significant and negative antecedent of intention to quit. One of the contributions of the study is that employee’s job attitudes can be developed positively through increasing the employee’s job engagement. Future research efforts should focus on mediating and moderating factors that lead to better understand the effects of job engagement on employee’s job attitudes.

Keywords

• Job engagement, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intention to quit

References

1. Abbott, G. N., Charles, M. A. ve White, F. A. (2005), “Linking Values and Organizational Commitment: A Correlational and Experimental Investigation in Two Organizations”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 531-551.
2. Akıncı, Z. (2002), “Turizm Sektöründe İşgören İş Tatminini Etkileyen Faktörler: Beş Yıldızlı Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama”, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 4, 1-25.
3. Allen, N. J. ve Meyer, J. P. (1990), “The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization”, Journal of Occupational and Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18.
4. Ashforth, B. E. ve Humphrey, R. H. (1995), “Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal” Human Relations, 48, 97-125.
5. Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L. ve Leiter, M. P. (2011), “Key Questions Regarding Work Engagement”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20, 4-28.
6. Bauer, T. N. ve Green, S. G. (1996), “Development of Leader-Member Exchange: A Longitudinal Test”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(6), 1538-1567.
7. Bedeian, A. G., Ferris, G. R. ve Kaçmar, K. M. (1992), “Age, Tenure, and Job Satisfaction: A Tale of Two Perspectives”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 40, 33-48.
8. Brislin, R. W. (1980), “Translation and Content Analysis of Oral and Written Material”, Ed. H. C. Triandis ve J. W. Berry, Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2, 349-444.

9. Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S. ve Slaughter, J. E. (2011), “Work Engagement: A Quantitative Review and Test of its Relations with Task and Contextual Performance”, Personnel Psychology, 64, 89-136.
10. Cialdini, B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S. ve Sloan, L. R. (1976), “Basking in Reflected Glory: Three (Football) Field Studies”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 364-375.
11. Conway, J. M. ve Lance, C. E. (2010), “What Reviewers Should Expect from Authors Regarding Common Method Bias in Organizational Research”, Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 325-334.
12. Cotton, J. L. ve Tuttle, J. M. (1986), “Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review with Implications for Research”, Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 55-70.
13. Davis, S. J. (1998), The 1997 National Survey of Volunteering, London: Institute for Volunteering Research.
14. Ergeneli, A. ve Eryiğit, M. (2001), “Öğretim Elemanlarının İş Tatmini: Ankara’da Devlet ve Özel Üniversite Karşılaştırması”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 19(2), 159- 178.
15. Goleman, D. (2000), “Leadership that Gets Results”, Harvard Business Review, 78(2), 78-90.
16. Gonzalez-Roma, V., Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. ve Lloret, S. (2006), “Burnout and Work Engagement: Independent Factors or Opposite Poles?”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 165-174.
17. Greenberg, J. ve Baron, R. A. (2000), Behavior in Organizations, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
18. Gruman, J. A. ve Saks, A. (2011), “Performance Management and Employee Engageement”, Human Resource Management Review, 21, 123-136.
19. Guatam, T., Narottam, J. D., Rolf, V. D. ve Ulrich, W. (2005), “Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment in Nepal”, Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 8(2), 305-314.
20. Gutierrez A. P., Candela, L. L. ve Carver, L. (2012), “The Structural Relationships between Organizational Commitment, Global Job Satisfaction, Developmental Experiences, Work Values, Organizational Support, and Person-Organization Fit Among Nursing Faculty”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 1601-1614.
21. Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010), Multivariate Data Analysis, Boston: Pearson.
22. Hwang, I. S. ve Kou, J. H. (2006), “Effects of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities on Turnover Intention: An Examination of Public Sector Organizations”, Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(2), 254-255.
23. Janssen, O. ve Van Yperen, N. W. (2004), “Employees’ Goal Orientations, the Quality of Leader-Member Exchange, and the Outcomes of Job Performance and Job Satisfaction”, Academy of Management Journal, 47, 368-384.
24. Kahn, W. A. (1990), “Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work”, Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
25. Kahn, W. A. (1992), “To Be Fully There: Psychological Presence at Work”, Human Relations, 45, 321-349.
26. Locke, E. A. (1976), “The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction”, Ed. M. D. Dunnette, Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago: Rand. McNally, 1293- 1349.
27. Lum, L., Kervin, J., Clark, K., Reid, F. ve Sirola, W. (1998), “Explaining Nursing Turnover Intent: Job Satisfaction, Pay Satisfaction, or Organizational Commitment”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(3), 305-320.
28. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. ve Leiter, M. P. (2001), “Job Burnout”, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
29. May, D. R., Gilson, R. L. ve Harter, L. M. (2004), “The Psychological Conditions of Meaningfulness, Safety and Availability and the Engagement of the Human Spirit at Work”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 7(1), 11-37.
30. Meyer, J. P. ve Allen, N. J. (1991), “A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment”, Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
31. Meyer J. P. ve Allen N. J. (1997), Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Application, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32. Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. ve Smith, C. A. (1993), “Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538-551.
33. Mobley, W. H. (1982), Employee Turnover: Causes, Consequences, and Control, MA: Addison-Wesley.
34. Morrison D., Cordery, J., G. ve Payne, R. (2005), “Job Design, Opportunities for Skill Utilization, and Intrinsic Job Satisfaction”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 59-79.
35. Neter, J., Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J. ve Wasserman, W. (1996), Applied Linear Regression Model, Chicago: Irwin.
36. Organ, D. W. ve Ryan, K. (1995), “A Meta-Analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
37. Özyılmaz, A. ve Eser, S. (2013), “Ortak Metod Varyansı Nedir? Nasıl Kontrol Edilebilir?”, 21. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, 30 Mayıs-1 Haziran 2013, Kütahya, 500-508.
38. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003), “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
39. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2012), “Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control it”, Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539-569.
40. Rich, B. L., Crawford, E. R. ve Lepine, J. A. (2010), “Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635.
41. Richardson, H., Simmering, M. J. ve Sturman, M. C. (2009), “A Tale of Three Perspectives: Examining Post Hoc Statistical Techniques for Detection and Correction of Common Method Variance”, Organizational Research Methods, 12(4), 762-800.
42. Rusbelt, C. A. ve Farrell, D. R. (1988), “Impact of Exchange Variables on Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect: An Integrative Model of Responses to Decline Job Satisfaction”, Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 599-627.
43. Saks, A. M. (2006), “Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
44. Schaufeli, W. B. ve Bakker, A. B. (2004), “Job Demands, Job Resources, and their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
45. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., Gonzalez-Roma, V. ve Salanova, M. (2002a), “The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
46. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. ve Salanova, M. (2006), “The Measurement of Work Engagement with a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
47. Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V. ve Bakker, A. B. (2002b), “The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
48. Schleicher, D. J., Watt, J. D. ve Greguras, G. J. (2004), “Reexamining the Job Satisfaction-Performance Relationship: The Complexity of Attitudes”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 165-177.
49. Simmons, B. L. (2002), “Positive Psychology at Work: Savoring Challenge and Engagement”, Ed. R. Burke ve D. L. Nelson, Advancing Women’s Careers: Research and Practice, Oxford, England: Blackwell, 273-286.
50. Stum, D. L. (1999), “Workforce Commitment: Strategies for the New Work Order”, Strategy & Leadership, 27(1), 5-7.
51. van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W. ve Dienesch, R. M. (1994), “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Construct Redefinition, Measurement, and Validation”, Academy of Management Journal, 37, 765-802.
52. Warr, P. B., Cook, J. D. ve Wall, T. D. (1979), “Scales for the Measurement of Some Work Attitudes and Aspects of Psychological Well-Being”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129-148.
53. Wasti, S. A. (2002), “Affective and Continuance Commitment to the Organization: Test of an Integrated Model in the Turkish Context”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 525-550.
54. Wayne, J. S., Shore, L. M. ve Liden, R. C. (1997), “Percived Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective”, Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111.
55. Williams, S. ve Shiaw, W. T. (1999), “Mood and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Effect of Positive Affect on Employee Organizational Citizenship Behavior Intentions”, Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 133, 656-668.
56. Wrzesniewski, A., Rozin, P. ve Bennett, G. (2002), “Working, Playing, and Eating: Making the Most of Most Moments”, Ed. C. L. M. Keyes ve J. Haidt, Flourishing: The Positive Person and the Good Life, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 185-204.