Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies

Doğan Barak

doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633

EN TR

Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies

Abstract

The carbon intensity of well-being, which combines environmental well-being and human well-being outcomes into a single variable, represents the ratio of CO2 emissions to life expectancy. This study seeks to determine the impact of factors affecting the level of pollution per unit of human well-being. To this end, the study examines the impact of fossil fuel subsidies, access to energy, health expenditures, and per capita income on carbon intensity of well-being in 33 emerging and developing economies. The findings reveal that fossil fuel subsidies and per capita income increase the pollution level per unit of human well-being, i.e., they increase carbon intensity of well-being. Furthermore, they show that access to energy and health expenditures reduce the pollution level per unit of human well-being, i.e., they decrease carbon intensity of well-being. Based on these findings, policy makers can help achieve the desired sustainability goals by gradually reducing fossil fuel subsidies, shifting to clean energy sources, and increasing access to energy.

Keywords

Carbon Intensity of Well-Being, Fossil Fuel Subsidies, Access to Energy, Health Expenditure

Yükselen ve Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomilerde Fosil Yakıt Sübvansiyonları ve Refahın Karbon Yoğunluğu

Abstract

Çevresel refah ve insan refahı sonuçlarını tek bir değişkende birleştiren refahın karbon yoğunluğu, CO2 emisyonunun beklenen yaşam süresine oranını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada birim insan refahı başına düşen kirlilik seviyesine etki eden faktörler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 33 yükselen ve gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde, fosil yakıt sübvansiyonlarının, enerjiye erişimin, sağlık harcamalarının ve kişi başına gelirin refahın karbon yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bulgular, fosil yakıt sübvansiyonlarının ve kişi başına gelirin birim insan refahı başına düşen kirlilik seviyesini yani refahın karbon yoğunluğunu artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca enerjiye erişimin ve sağlık harcamalarının birim insan refahı başına düşen kirlilik seviyesini yani refahın karbon yoğunluğunu azalttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgulardan hareketle, politika yapıcıların fosil yakıt sübvansiyonlarının kademeli olarak azaltarak temiz enerji kaynaklarına yönlendirmesi ve enerjiye erişimi artırması sürdürülebilirlik açısından istenilen hedeflere ulaşmasında yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Refahın Karbon Yoğunluğu, Fosil Yakıt Sübvansiyonları, Enerjiye Erişim, Sağlık Harcamaları

Thanks

The author would like to thank the referees and the editorial board for their contribution during the publication process.

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Primary Language

English

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Development Economics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Doğan Barak ^*
0000-0002-8812-7668
Türkiye

Publication Date

February 24, 2026

Submission Date

September 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 19

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA78JW55UN

APA

Barak, D. (2026). Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633

AMA

1.Barak D. Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;(19):1-17. doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633

Chicago

Barak, Doğan. 2026. “Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, nos. 19: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633.

EndNote

Barak D (February 1, 2026) Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 19 1–17.

IEEE

[1]D. Barak, “Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies”, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 19, pp. 1–17, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633.

ISNAD

Barak, Doğan. “Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 19 (February 1, 2026): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633.

JAMA

1.Barak D. Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;:1–17.

MLA

Barak, Doğan. “Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 19, Feb. 2026, pp. 1-17, doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633.

Vancouver

1.Doğan Barak. Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026 Feb. 1;(19):1-17. doi:10.25287/ohuiibf.1785633

Ömer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (OHUIIBF) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Pseudonymity License 4.0 international license.

Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in Emerging and Developing Economies

Abstract

Keywords

Yükselen ve Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomilerde Fosil Yakıt Sübvansiyonları ve Refahın Karbon Yoğunluğu

Abstract

Keywords

Thanks

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Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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