Articles submitted to the journal should be prepared in the American Psychological Association (APA) 7.0 citation style, footnote format, and bibliography arrangement. Articles written in formats other than these will not be accepted. The submitted article must not have been previously published and should not have been submitted to any other journal for evaluation.
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Reference List Examples
Periodicals1. Journal article with a DOI
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. http://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
Parenthetical citation: (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)
Narrative citation: McCauley and Christiansen (2019)
2. Journal article with a URL (no DOI), not from a database
Chambers, D. W., & Turnbull, D. (1989). Science worlds: An integrated approach to social studies of science teaching. Social Studies of Science, 19(1), 155–179. http://www.jstor.org/stable/285047
Parenthetical citation: (Chambers & Turnbull, 1989)
Narrative citation: Chambers and Turnbull (1989)
3. Journal/magazine/newspaper article (no DOI) from most academic databases or print version
Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26–33.
Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicated calibration of love, especially in adoption. Chicago Tribune.
Parenthetical citation: (Anderson, 2018; Goldman, 2018)
Narrative citation: Anderson (2018) and Goldman (2018)
4. Journal article with a DOI and 21 or more authors
Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., Lambert, S., Al-Freih, M., Pete, J., Olcott, Jr., D., Rodes, V., Aranciaga, I., Bali, M., Alvarez, A. J., Roberts, J., Pazurek, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., Panagiotou, N., de Coëtlogon, P., Shahadu, S., Brown, M., Asino, T. I., Tumwesige, J., Ramírez Reyes, T., Barrios Ipenza, E., Ossiannilsson, … Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–126. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878572
Parenthetical citation: (Bozkurt et al., 2020)
Narrative citation: Bozkurt et al. (2020)
5. Journal article with a DOI, combining individual and group authors
De Vries, R., Neiuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and independent profession of midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10), 1122–1128. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007
Parenthetical citation: (De Vries et al., 2013)
Narrative citation: De Vries et al. (2013)
6. Journal article with an article number or eLocator
Clabough, J. (2021). Using thematic social studies teaching to explore the civil rights movement. The Social Studies, 112(4), 177–189. EJ1297598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2021.1871579
Parenthetical citation: (Clabough, 2021)
Narrative citation: Clabough (2021)
7. Journal article in press
Pachur, T., & Scheibehenne, B. (in press). Unpacking buyer-seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
Parenthetical citation: (Pachur & Scheibehenne, in press)
Narrative citation: Pachur and Scheibehenne (in press)
8. Journal article published in another language
Yaylak, E. (2020). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin öğretim yöntem ve uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of Teaching Methods and Practices of Social Studies Teachers]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 187–205. http://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.621664
Parenthetical citation: (Yaylak, 2020)
Narrative citation: Yaylak (2020)
9. Journal article republished in translation
Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human Development, 15(1), 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1159/000271225
(Original work published 1970)
Parenthetical citation: (Piaget, 1970/1972)
Narrative citation: Piaget (1970/1972)
10. Special section or special issue in a journal
Lilienfeld, S. O. (Ed.). (2018). Heterodox issues in psychology [Special section]. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 6(19), 51–104.
McDaniel, S. H., Salas, E., & Kazak, A. E. (Eds.). (2018). The science of teamwork [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 73(4).
Parenthetical citation: (Lilienfeld, 2018; McDaniel et al., 2018)
Narrative citation: Lilienfeld (2018) and McDaniel et al. (2018)
Books and Reference Works
11. Book with a DOI
Brown, L. S. (2019). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. http://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000
Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 2019)
Narrative citation: Brown (2019)
12. Book without a DOI from most academic databases or print version
Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Framework of power. Routledge.
Parenthetical citation: (Burgess, 2019)
Narrative citation: Burgess (2019)
13. Edited book without a DOI from most academic databases or print version
Hacker Hughes, J. (Ed.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care: Contemporary approaches. Routledge.
Parenthetical citation: (Hacker Hughes, 2017)
Narrative citation: Hacker Hughes (2017)
14. Edited e-book (e.g., Kindle) or audiobook with a URL (not from a database), no DOI
Pridham, K. F., Limbo, R., & Schroeder, M. (Eds.). (2018). Guided participation in pediatric nursing practice: Relationship-based teaching and learning with parents, children, and adolescents. Springer Publishing Company. http://a.co/0IAiVgt
Parenthetical citation: (Pridham et al., 2018)
Narrative citation: Pridham et al. (2018)
15. Book series / edited volume (example)
Turan, R., Sünbül, A. M., & Akdağ, H. (Eds.). (2014). Sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde alternatif yaklaşımlar – 1 [Alternative approaches in social studies teaching]. Pegem Akademi.
Parenthetical citation: (Turan et al., 2014)
Narrative citation: Turan et al. (2014)
Chapter in an Edited Book
16. Chapter in an edited book with a DOI
Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association. http://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012
Parenthetical citation: (Balsam et al., 2019)
Narrative citation: Balsam et al. (2019)
17. Chapter in an edited book (no DOI) from most academic databases or print version
Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practices of forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7–13). CRC Press.
Parenthetical citation: (Weinstock et al., 2003)
Narrative citation: Weinstock et al. (2003)
Reports and Grey Literature
18. Report by a government agency or other organization
Australian Government Productivity Commission & Zealand Productivity Commission. (2012). Strengthening trans-Tasman economic relations. https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/australia-new-zealand/report/trans-tasman.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (Australian Government Productivity Commission & Zealand Productivity Commission, 2012)
Narrative citation: Australian Government Productivity Commission and Zealand Productivity Commission (2012)
19. Report to a government agency or other organization by individual authors
Fried, D., & Polyakova, A. (2018). Democratic defense against disinformation. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Democratic_Defense_Against_Disinformation_2.0.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (Fried & Polyakova, 2018)
Narrative citation: Fried and Polyakova (2018)
20. Annual report
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017)
Narrative citation: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2017)
Conference Sessions and Presentations
21. Conference session
Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12–15). Everybody’s got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session9517.html
Parenthetical citation: (Fistek et al., 2017)
Narrative citation: Fistek et al. (2017)
22. Conference presentation
Maddox, S., Hurling, J., Stewart, E., & Edwards, A. (2016, March 30–April 2). If mama ain’t happy, nobody’s happy: The effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children [Conference presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 62nd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Parenthetical citation: (Maddox et al., 2016)
Narrative citation: Maddox et al. (2016)
23. Symposium contribution
De Boer, D., & LaFavor, T. (2018, April 26–29). The art and significance of successfully identifying resilient individuals: A person-focused approach. In A. M. Schmidt & A. Kryvanos (Chairs), Perspectives on resilience: Conceptualization, measurement, and enhancement [Symposium]. Western Psychological Association 98th Annual Convention, Portland, OR, United States.
Parenthetical citation: (De Boer & LaFavor, 2018)
Narrative citation: De Boer and LaFavor (2018)
Master’s and Doctoral Theses/Dissertations
24. Unpublished master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation
Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.
Parenthetical citation: (Harris, 2014)
Narrative citation: Harris (2014)
25. Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis from a database
Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Parenthetical citation: (Hollander, 2017)
Narrative citation: Hollander (2017)
26. Online thesis (not in a database)
Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social coping strategies of gifted and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents [Master’s thesis, The College of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive. https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/bitstream/handle/10288/16594/HutchesonVirginia2012.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Parenthetical citation: (Hutcheson, 2012)
Narrative citation: Hutcheson (2012)
Reviews
27. Film review published in a journal
Mirabito, L. A., & Heck, N. C. (2016). Bringing LGBTQ youth theater into spotlight [Review of the film The year we thought about love, by E. Brodsky, Dir.]. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(4), 499–500. http://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000205
Parenthetical citation: (Mirabito & Heck, 2016)
Narrative citation: Mirabito and Heck (2016)
28. Book review published in a newspaper
Santos, F. (2019, January 11). Reframing refugee children’s stories [Review of the book We are displaced: My journey and stories from refugee girls around the world, by M. Yousafzai]. The New York Times. http://nyti.ms/2Hlgjk3
Parenthetical citation: (Santos, 2019)
Narrative citation: Santos (2019)
29. Episode review posted on a website
Perkins, D. (2018, February 1). The good place ends its remarkable second season with irrational hope, unexpected gifts, and a smile [Review of the TV series episode “Somewhere else,” by M. Schur, Writer & Dir.]. A.V. Club.
Parenthetical citation: (Perkins, 2018)
Narrative citation: Perkins (2018)
Unpublished and Informally Published Works
30. Unpublished manuscript
Yoo, J., Miyamoto, Y., Rigotti, A., & Ryff, C. (2016). Linking positive affect to blood lipids: A cultural perspective [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Parenthetical citation: (Yoo et al., 2016)
Narrative citation: Yoo et al. (2016)
31. Manuscript in preparation
O’Shea, M. (2018). Understanding proactive behavior in the workplace as a function of gender [Manuscript in preparation]. Department of Management, University of Kansas.
Parenthetical citation: (O’Shea, 2018)
Narrative citation: O’Shea (2018)
32. Manuscript submitted for publication
Lippincott, T., & Poindexter, E. K. (2019). Emotion recognition as a function of facial cues: Implications for practice [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
Parenthetical citation: (Lippincott & Poindexter, 2019)
Narrative citation: Lippincott and Poindexter (2019)
Software, Mobile Apps, Devices, and Equipment
33. Software
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. http://www.meta-analysis.com
Parenthetical citation: (Borenstein et al., 2014)
Narrative citation: Borenstein et al. (2014)
34. Mobile app
Epocrates. (2019). Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/epocrates/id281935788
Parenthetical citation: (Epocrates, 2019)
Narrative citation: Epocrates (2019)
Audiovisual Materials
35. TED Talk
Robinson, K. (2006). Do schools kill creativity? [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_do_schools_kill_creativity/up-next
Parenthetical citation: (Robinson, 2006)
Narrative citation: Robinson (2006)
36. Recorded webinar
Goldberg, J. F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects [Webinar]. American Psychiatric Association. https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?ActivityID=6172
Parenthetical citation: (Goldberg, 2018)
Narrative citation: Goldberg (2018)
37. YouTube video or other streaming video
Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/244405542
Parenthetical citation: (Cutts, 2017)
Narrative citation: Cutts (2017)
Audio Works
38. Podcast
Vedantam, S. (Host). (2015–present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. http://www.npr.org/series/42302056/hidden-brain
Parenthetical citation: (Vedantam, 2015–present)
Narrative citation: Vedantam (2015–present)
39. Radio interview recording in a digital archive
de Beauvoir, S. (1960, May 4). Simone de Beauvoir discusses the art of writing [Interview]. Studs Terkel Radio Archive; The Chicago History Museum. https://studsterkel.wfmt.com/programs/simone-de-beauvoir-discusses-art-writing
Parenthetical citation: (de Beauvoir, 1960)
Narrative citation: de Beauvoir (1960)
40. Speech audio recording
King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm
Parenthetical citation: (King, 1963)
Narrative citation: King (1963)
Visual Works
41. Infographic
Rossman, J., & Palmer, R. (2015). Sorting through our space junk [Infographic]. World Science Festival. https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/infographics/space-junk-infographic/
Parenthetical citation: (Rossman & Palmer, 2015)
Narrative citation: Rossman and Palmer (2015)
42. Map
Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map
Parenthetical citation: (Cable, 2013)
Narrative citation: Cable (2013)
43. Photograph
McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg
Parenthetical citation: (McCurry, 1985)
Narrative citation: McCurry (1985)
44. PowerPoint slides or lecture notes
Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation]. Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https://uchilefau.academia.edu/ElseZCanan
Parenthetical citation: (Canan & Vasilev, 2019)
Narrative citation: Canan and Vasilev (2019)
Social Media
45. Tweet
APA Education [@APAEducation]. (2018, June 29). College students are forming mental-health clubs—and they’re making a difference @washingtonpost [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet]. X (formerly Twitter). https://twitter.com/apaeducation/status/1012810490530140161
Parenthetical citation: (APA Education, 2018)
Narrative citation: APA Education (2018)
46. Facebook post
Gaiman, N. (2018, March 22). 100,000+ Rohingya refugees could be at serious risk during Bangladesh’s monsoon season. My fellow UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Cate Blanchet is [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/neilgaiman/photos/a.306989681015/10155317233951016/?type=3&theater
Parenthetical citation: (Gaiman, 2018)
Narrative citation: Gaiman (2018)
47. Instagram photo/video
Zeitz MOCAA [@zeitzmocaa]. (2018, November 26). Grade 6 learners from Parkfields Primary School in Hanover Park visited the museum for a tour and workshop hosted by [Photographs]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BqpHpjFBs3b/
Parenthetical citation: (Zeitz MOCAA, 2018)
Narrative citation: Zeitz MOCAA (2018)
48. Online forum post
National Aeronautics and Space Administration [nasa]. (2018, September 12). I’m NASA astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight! [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_anything/
Parenthetical citation: (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2018)
Narrative citation: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2018)
Webpages and Websites
49. Webpage on a website
Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, healthy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html
Parenthetical citation: (Avramova, 2019)
Narrative citation: Avramova (2019)
50. Webpage on a website with a group author
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm
Parenthetical citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018)
Narrative citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018)
51. Webpage on a website with no date
National Nurses United. (n.d.). What employers should do to protect nurses from Zika. https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/what-employers-should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika
Parenthetical citation: (National Nurses United, n.d.)
Narrative citation: National Nurses United (n.d.)
52. Webpage with a retrieval date
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/
Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.)
Narrative citation: U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.)
For further information:
APA Style — FAQs: References in Parentheses
https://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/references-in-parentheses
Citation Help — APA Manuscripts: Reference List
http://citationonline.net/CitationHelp/csg04-manuscriptsapa.htm#references
Purdue OWL — In-Text Citations: Author/Authors
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
Purdue OWL — Reference List: Books
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_books.html