Anschluss Öncesi Avusturya Yahudileri ve Avusturya’da Nazi Destekçisi Kikeriki Dergisinin Yahudi Karşıtı Karikatürlerinin Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 63 - 81, 30.06.2024

Caner Çakı

https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1467936

Abstract

Nazi Almanyası’nın 1938 yılında Avusturya’yı ilhak etmesinden (Anschluss) önce Avusturya’daki Nazi destekçisi Kikeriki Dergisi antisemitist yayınlarıyla ülkedeki Yahudileri hedef almıştır. Kikeriki’nin antisemitist karikatürlerinin ortaya konulması, Anschluss öncesi Avusturya’daki antisemitist propagandanın tespiti açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada Anschluss öncesi Avusturya’daki antisemitist propagandaya ışık tutmak amacıyla Kikereki’nin antisemitist görsellerinde Yahudilerin nasıl sunulduğu ve Yahudilere karşı hangi antisemitist propaganda mesajlarının verildiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Kikereki’nin antisemitist karikatürleri, Karl Bühler’in Organon Modeli üzerinden antisemitist propaganda bağlamında incelenmiştir. Karikatürlerde Yahudilerin Avusturya’da istenmediğine, Yahudilerin insanlık üzerinde kontrol kurduğuna ve ülke yönetiminde Hıristiyanlarla Yahudiler arasında mücadele olduğuna ilişkin propaganda mesajlarının verildi-ği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Bu şekilde çalışmada Kikereki’nin antisemitist propa-gandasıyla Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi’nin (NSDAP) Yahudilere karşı mücadelesini Avusturya kamuoyunda meşrulaştırmaya çalıştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Antisemitizm, Avusturya, Yahudilik, Basın, Dinler Tarihi, Nazi Almanyası

The Analysis of Antisemitic Cartoons of Nazi Supporter Kikeriki Magazine in Austria and Austrian Jews in Pre-Anschluss

Abstract

Prior to the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany (Anschluss) in 1938, the Nazi-supporting magazine Kikeriki in Austria targeted the Jews in the country with its antisemitic publications. Revealing Kikeriki’s antisemitic caricatures is crucial for identifying antisemitic propaganda in Austria before the Anschluss. In order to shed light on the antisemitic propaganda in Austria before the Anschluss, the study sought to determine how Jews were presented in Kikereki’s antisemitic visuals and what antisemitic propaganda messages were given against the Jews. For this purpose, Kikereki’s antisemitic caricatures were examined in the context of antisemitic propaganda through Karl Bühler’s Organon Model. The cartoons disseminated propaganda messages that conveyed the exclusion of Jews from Austria, the notion of Jewish dominance over humanity, and the existence of a power struggle between Christians and Jews in the country’s administration. The study concluded that Kikereki aimed to validate the NSDAP’s campaign against the Jews in the Austrian public opinion through its antisemitic propaganda.

Keywords

Antisemitism, Austria, Nazi Germany, Judaism, Press, History of Religions

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