Research Article

A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH

Number: XXXIV March 31, 2026
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A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH

Abstract

The settlement of Kral Tepesi/Vasili is located within the village of Kaleburnu/Gali-noporni on the Karpas Peninsula of Cyprus. Kral Tepesi, dating to the Late Bronze Age of Cyprus, has a stratified sequence, with public buildings on the hilltop and a lower settlement on its terraces. The settlement's Upper Terrace was bulldozed by the landowner to open up space for agricultural activities. Consequently, an archaeological salvage excavation was conducted in this particular area. During these salvage excavations, a baked clay (?) scarab was unearthed. The scarab's oval-shaped impression surface, facing the viewer, features an iconographic depiction of the god Ptah on the right side and a symbolic guardian falcon on the left. A sun disk is positioned just above the head of the guardian falcon. At the top of the stage is a shrine/chapel roof, symbolically depicting Ptah and the guardian falcon within. Both the engraving of the scarab's upper insect and the depictions of the god Ptah and the guardian falcon on its surface are known to have parallels from settlements within the borders of modern-day Palestine/Israel. The discovery of the scarab at Kral Tepesi/Vasili must have been linked to Eastern Mediterranean settlers on the island as a result of intercultural maritime trade relations based on exchange, or to a merchant or messenger temporarily residing in Cyprus. This view is consistent with the maritime nature of Kral Tepesi, which was driven by barter-based trade. Therefore, the origin of the scarab is believed to be in Palestine/Israel, not Egypt. This sheds light on intercultural relations with settlements under Egyptian control. The date of the scarab's discovery dates the site to the Late Bronze Age of Cyprus, 1295-1200 BC, and thus coincides with the 19th Dynasty in Egyptian civilization.

Keywords

References

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  5. Brandly 2006 Brandly, B., “Canaanite and Egyptian Seals and Sealings” Timnah (Tell Batash) III: The Finds from the Second Mil-lennium BCE (eds. N. Panitz-Cohen - A. Mazar), Jerusalem, 213-233.
  6. Brandly 2009 Brandly, B., “Clyptics. Chapter 12A: Scarabs, Seals, Sealings and Seal Impressions”, Excavation at Tel Beth Shean 1989-1996. Volume III: The 13th-11th Century BCE Strata in Areas N and S (eds. N. Panitz-Cohen – A. Mazar), Jerusa-lem, 636-684.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeological Science

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Süheyla Zimmermann *
0000-0002-2139-1990
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Bülent Kızılduman
0000-0002-1715-7106
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Publication Date

March 31, 2026

Submission Date

October 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: XXXIV

APA
Zimmermann, S., & Kızılduman, B. (2026). A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH. OLBA, XXXIV, 123-156. https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX
AMA
1.Zimmermann S, Kızılduman B. A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH. OLBA. 2026;(XXXIV):123-156. https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX
Chicago
Zimmermann, Süheyla, and Bülent Kızılduman. 2026. “A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH”. OLBA, no. XXXIV: 123-56. https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX.
EndNote
Zimmermann S, Kızılduman B (March 1, 2026) A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH. OLBA XXXIV 123–156.
IEEE
[1]S. Zimmermann and B. Kızılduman, “A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH”, OLBA, no. XXXIV, pp. 123–156, Mar. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX
ISNAD
Zimmermann, Süheyla - Kızılduman, Bülent. “A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH”. OLBA. XXXIV (March 1, 2026): 123-156. https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX.
JAMA
1.Zimmermann S, Kızılduman B. A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH. OLBA. 2026;:123–156.
MLA
Zimmermann, Süheyla, and Bülent Kızılduman. “A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH”. OLBA, no. XXXIV, Mar. 2026, pp. 123-56, https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX.
Vancouver
1.Süheyla Zimmermann, Bülent Kızılduman. A SCARAB FROM KALEBURNU-KRAL TEPESİ/GALINOPORNI-VASILI AND THE CULT OF THE GOD PTAH. OLBA [Internet]. 2026 Mar. 1;(XXXIV):123-56. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA77WF45NX