Grain yield and some quality traits of naked oat cultivars

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 96 - 105, 22.04.2016

Zeki Mut , Özge Erbaş Köse Hasan Akay

https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2016.31.1.96-105

Cited By: 7

Öz

Oat cultivars should have both high yield potential and some quality criteria in accordance with using targets. Therefore, grain yield and quality traits of eight naked oat cultivars grown at three locations were studied. This study was carried out during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons in Samsun-Kurupelit and Bafra locations. Grain yield, hectoliter weight, thousand grain weight, grain composition (protein, fat, β-glucan, starch, fatty acid, K, Ca, P and Mg) were evaluated. Analysis of the combined data for all locations showed significant genotypic differences for all traits except starch. Also, the cultivar × location interaction was significant for all traits. On average, among the cultivars, grain yield varied from 2106.6 (Eva 1) to 3891.9 (AC Belmont) kg ha-1, hectoliter weight from 52.3 (Lisbeth) to 60.8 (Eva 1) kg, thousand grain weight from 20.1 (Lisbeth) to 26.6 (Eva 1) g, protein content from 12.3 (AC Belmont) to 15.3% (CROA 60), the starch content ranged from 57.5 (AC Belmont) to 60.2% (Eva 1), β-glucan content from 4.1 (AC Belmont) to 4.8% (CROA 60) and fat concentration from 5.0 (Eva 1) to 7.7% (Mozart). Small but significant differences in fatty acid composition were found between the naked oat cultivars studied. The results showed that the predominant component of the studied naked oat grain fat was oleic acid (35.7-42.2%), linoleic acid (35.5-40.5%) and palmitic acid (16.2-17.2%). Owing to high nutritive values, oat should be recommended to use in human diets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Naked oat; starch; protein; grain yield; fat

Kavuzsuz yulaf çeşitlerinin tane verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri

Öz

Yulaf çeşitlerinin yüksek tane verimi yanında kullanım amacına uygun kalite kriterlerine de sahip olması istenir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada üç çevrede 8 kavuzsuz (çıplak) yulaf çeşidinin tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri çalışılmıştır. Çalışma 2007-2008 ve 2008-2009 yetiştirme sezonlarında Samsun-Kurupelit ve 2008-2009 yetiştirme sezonunda Bafra lokasyonlarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tane verimi, hektolitre ağırlığı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane kompozisyonu (protein, yağ, β-glukan, nişasta, yağ asidi, K, Ca, P ve Mg) değerlendirilmiştir. Birleştirilmiş varyans analiz sonuçları nişasta içeriği hariç incelenen tüm özelliklerin çeşitlere göre önemli oranda değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çeşit-lokasyon interaksiyonu tüm özellikler için önemli olmuştur. Lokasyonların ortalamasına göre; çeşitlerin tane verimi 2106.6 (Eva 1) ile 3891.99 (AC Belmont) kg ha-1, hektolitre ağırlığı 52.3 (Lisbeth) ile 60.8 (Eva 1) kg, bin tane ağırlığı 20.1 (Lisbeth) ile 26.6 (Eva 1) g, protein içeriği % 12.3 (AC Belmont) ile 15.3 (CROA 60), nişasta içeriği %57.5 (AC Belmont) ile 60.2 (Eva 1), β-glukan içeriği %4.1 (AC Belmont) ile 4.8 (CROA 60) ve yağ içeriği %5.0 (Eva 1) ile 7.7 (Mozart) arasında değişmiştir. Çeşitlerin yağ asitleri kompozisyonundaki küçük fakat önemli farklar bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar kavuzsuz yulaf çeşitlerin yağlarının hakim yağ asitlerinin oleik asit (%35.7-42.2), linoleik asit (%35.5-40.5) ve palmitik asit (%16.2-17.2) olduğunu göstermiştir. Yüksek besin değerinden dolayı, yulafın insan beslenmesinde kullanılması tavsiye edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kavuzsuz yulaf; nişasta; protein; tane verimi; yağ

Kaynakça

• AACC, American Association of Cereal Chemists. 2005. Approved Methods of the AACC (11th ed.). St. Paul, USA
• AOAC, 2012. Official methods of analysis (19th ed.). Association of Official Chemists. Washington D.C., USA
• Biel, W., Bobko, K., Maciorowski, R., 2009. Chemical composition and nutritive value of husked and naked oats grain. Journal of Cereal Science, 49: 413-418.
• Boila, R.J., Campbell, L.D., Stothers, S.C., Crow, G.H., Ibrahim, E.A., 1993. Variation in the mineral content of cereal grains grown at selected locations throughout Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 73(2): 421-429.
• Brindzova, L., Čertik, M., Rapta P., Zalibera M., Mikulajova A., Takācsovā M., 2008. Antioxidant activity, β-glucan and lipid contents of oat varieties. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 26 (3): 163-173.
• Buerstmayr, H., Krenn, N., Stephan, U., Grausgruber, H., Zechner, E., 2007. Agronomic performance and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin produced under central European growing conditions. Field Crops Research, 101: 343-351.
• Charalampopoulos, D., Wang, R., Pandiella, S.S., Webb, C., 2002. Application of cereals and cereal components in functional foods: a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 79: 131-141.
• Demirbaş, A., 2005. ß-Glucan and mineral nutrient contents of cereals grown in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 90: 773-777.
• Doehlert, D.C., McMullen, M.S., 2000. Genotypic and environmental effect on oat milling characteristics and groat hardness. Cereal Chemistry, 77: 148-154.
• Doehlert D. C., McMullen M. S., Hammond J. J. 2001. Genotypic and environmental effects on grain yield and quality of oat grown in North Dakota. Crop Science 41: 1066-1072.
• Dokuyucu, T., Peterson, D.M., Akkaya, A., 2003. Contents of antioxidant compounds in Turkish oats: simple phenolics and avenanthramide concentrations. Cereal Chemistry, 80(5): 542-543.
• Dvončová, D., Kováčı, P., Hozlar, P., 2011. Variability of yield potential of oats under Slovakian conditions. Climate Change: challenges and opportunities in agriculture. AGRISAFE Final Conference: Proceedings. Budapest, Hungary, p. 295-298.
• Givens, D.I., Davies, T.W., Laverick, R.M., 2000. Dietary fibre fractions in hulled and naked winter oat grain: effects of cultivar and various agronomic factors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80: 491-496.
• Hısır, Y., Kara, R., Dokuyucu, T., 2012. Evaluation of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for grain yield and physiological traits. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 99(1): 55-60.
• Kacar, B., 1994. Chemical analysis of plant and soil. III. Plant analysis. Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey, No. 3, 705 p.
• Kara, R., Dokuyucu, T., Demirkıran, A.R., Dumlupınar, Z., Akcura, M., Akkaya, A., 2012. Groat element concentration at different spikelets of oat panicles (Avena sativa L.) evaluated at three Turkish locations. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 17(2): 157-165.
• Longland, A.C., Valentine, J., 1997. The mixed linked (1→3), (1→4)─β-D-glucan content of seven varieties of oat grown at three locations in the UK. Aspects of Applied Biology, 36: 153-157.
• Martinez, M.F., Arelovish, H.M., Wehrhahne, L.N., 2010. Grain yield, nutrient content and lipid profile of oat genotypes grown in a semiarid environment. Field Crops Research, 116: 92-100.
• McKechnie, R., 1983. Oat products in bakery foods. Cereal Foods World, 28(10): 635-637.
• Mut, Z., Akay, H., Sezer, İ., Gülümser, A., Öner, F., Erbaş, Ö.D., 2011. Farklı orijinli yulaf (Avena sativa L.) genotiplerinin samsun ekolojik koşullarında tarımsal ve bazı kalite özelliklerinin tespiti. IX. Türkiye Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Bursa, Eylül 12-15, Cilt I: 88-93.
• Nedomova, L., Hozlar, P., Dvoncova, D., Polisenska, I., 2008. Grain quality characteristics in oats under conditions of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The 8th International Oat Conference. Minneapolis, USA
• O’Fallon, J.V., Busboom, J.R., Nelson, M.L., Gaskins, C.T., 2007. A direct method for fatty acid methyl ester synthesis. Application to wet meat tissues, oils and feedstuffs. Journal Animal Science, 85: 1511-1521.
• Özcan, M.M., Özkan, G., Topal, A., 2006. Characteristics of grains and oils of four different oats (Avena sativa L.) cultivars growing in Turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 57(5-6): 345-352.
• Peltonen-Sainio, P., 1997. Great yield and plant stand structure of naked and hulled oat under different nitrogen fertilizer and seeding rates. Agronomy Journal, 89(1): 140-147.
• Peterson, D.M., Wesenberg, D.M., Burrup, D.E., Erickson, C.A., 2005. Relationships among agronomic traits and grain composition in oat genotypes grown in different environments. Crop Science, 45(4): 1249-1255.
• Rhymer, C., Ames, N., Malcolmson, L., Brown, D., Duguid, S., 2005. Effects of genotype and environment on the starch properties and end-product quality of oats. Cereal Chemistry, 82 (2): 197-203.
• Saastamoinen M., Hietaniemi V., Pihlava J. M., Eurola M., Kontturi M., Tuuri H., Niskanen M., Kangas A. 2004. Beta-glucan contents of groats of different oat cultivars in official variety, in organic cultivation, and in nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland. Agricultural and Food Science, 13: 68-79.
• Sarı, N., Ünay, A., 2013. Bazı yulaf genotiplerinin beta glukan içeriğinin kümeleme analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1): 6-12.
• SAS Institute Inc., 1990. SAS-procedures guide, version 6 (3rd ed.). Cary, USA
• Tiwari, U., Cummins, E., 2009. Simulation of the factors affecting βeta-glucan levels during the cultivation of oats. Journal of CerealScience, 1-9.
• Tsikitis, V.L., Albina, J.E., Reichner, J.S., 2004. βeta-glucan affects leukocyte navigation in a complex chemotactic gradient. Surgery, 2: 384-9.
• Youngs, V.L., 1986. Oat lipids and lipid-related enzymes. Webster, F.H (ed). Oats: Chemistry and Technology. St Paul, USA, pp. 205-226.
• Zhou, M., Robards, K., Glennie-Holmes, M., Helliwell, S., 1999. Oat lipids: a review. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’Society, 79: 585-592.
• Zute, S., Berga, L., Vîcupe, Z., 2011. Variability in endosperm ß-glucan content of husked and naked oat genotypes. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 11: 192-200.