Elmada mavi küfe neden olan Penicillium expansum’a karşı bazı bor tuzlarının antifungal etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 3, 250 - 258, 15.10.2019

İsmail Erper Çağlar Kalkan Gizem Kaçar Muharrem Türkkan

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.515031

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Mavi küf
hastalığına neden olan Penicillium
expansum yumuşak çekirdekli meyvelerde hasat sonrası görülen önemli
patojenlerden biri olup, meyve enfeksiyonu için yaraya ihtiyaç duyan
nekrotrofik bir fungustur. Bu çalışmada, etidot-67 ve boraks dekahidratın P. expansum’a karşı etkinliği hem in vitro hem de in vivo
denemelerle değerlendirilmiştir. In vitro
denemelerde, hem etidot-67 hem de boraks dekahidrat P. expansum’un misel gelişmesini, spor çimlenmesini ve çim tüpü
uzunluğunu güçlü bir şekilde engellemiştir. Her iki tuzun engelleyici etkileri
onların artan konsantrasyonları ile yakından ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bor tuzları P. expansum'un misel gelişmesini %0.25
konsantrasyonda tamamen engellerken, bu tuzlar fungusun spor çimlenmesini ve
çim tüp uzamasını %0.125 konsantrasyonunda tamamen engellemiştir. Ayrıca, test
edilen tuzların toksisitelerinin birbirine yakın olduğu, yani etidot-67 ve
boraks dekahidratın EC₅₀ değerlerinin sırasıyla 0.067 ve 0.071
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Etidot-67 ve boraks dekahidratın minimum engelleyici
konsantrasyon (MIC) değerleri %0.25 iken, aynı tuzların minimum fungisidal
konsantrasyon (MFC) değerleri %1'den büyük bulunmuştur. In vivo
denemelerde, fungus inokülasyonundan sonra (tedavi edici aktivite), etidot-67
ve boraks dekahidratın %3.0 konsantrasyonu uygulanmış elma meyvelerinde mavi
küf gelişimi, kontrol uygulaması ile kıyaslandığında, sırasıyla %92.8 ve
%78.9’a kadar önemli derecede azalmıştır (P<0.05). Bununla birlikte, aynı
konsantrasyonda, fungus (1x10⁴ konidi mL^-1) ile
inokülasyondan önce (koruyucu aktivite) bor tuzları ile muamele edilen elma
meyvelerindeki lezyon alanı kontrol uygulaması ile kıyaslandığında sırasıyla
%94.3 ve %98.3 azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, bor tuzlarının P. expansum'un neden olduğu elma meyvesinin hasat sonrası
hastalığının kontrolü için sentetik fungisitlere potansiyel bir alternatif
olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Elma, mavi küf, Etidot-67, boraks dekahidrat, alternatif yöntem

Antifungal effect of some boron salts against Penicillium expansum, the casual agent of blue mold of apple

Abstract

Penicillium
expansum causing blue mold disease is one of the most
important pathogens of pome fruit and is a necrotrophic fungus that requires
wounds to infect the fruit. In the present study, the efficacy of etidot-67 and
borax decahydrate against P. expansum were evaluated in both in vitro
and in in vivo. In in vitro
experiments, both etidot-67 and borax decahydrate strongly inhibited mycelial
growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of P. expansum. The
inhibitory effects of both salts were closely correlated with their increasing
concentrations. While boron salts completely inhibited the mycelial growth of P.
expansum at %0.25 concentration, these salts completely inhibited spore
germination and germ tube elongation of the fungus at %0.125 concentration.
Additionally, it was determined that the toxicity of the salts tested were
close to each other, namely EC₅₀ values of Etidot-67 and borax decahydrate
were 0.067 and 0.071, respectively. While the minimum inhibition concentration
(MIC) values of the etidot-67 and borax decahydrate were %0.25, the minimum
fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of the same salts were found to be
greater than 1%. In in vivo experiments, blue
mold development in apple fruits treated with 3.0% concentration of etidot-67
and borax decahydrate after fungal inoculation (curative activity) was
significantly reduced by %92.8 and %78.9, respectively, compared with the
control treatment (P<0.05). However, at same concentration, lesion area on
apple fruits treated with the salts before inoculation with the fungus (1x10⁴
conidia mL^-1) (preventive activity) reduced by %94.3 and %98.3,
respectively. These results show that both boron salts can be used as a
potential alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of the
postharvest disease of apple fruit caused by P. expansum.

Keywords

Apple, Blue mold, Etidot-67, Borax decahydrate, Alternative control

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