The Effect of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Application on Some Growth, Biochemical Parameters and Pv-MATE14 Gene Expression Level in Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Exposed to Heavy Metal (CuSO4) Stress

Year 2025, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 615 - 637, 31.10.2025

Mustafa Akçay

Abstract

Copper (Cu) toxicity poses a significant threat to plant health, particularly as Cu levels in agricultural soils rise due to the use of Cu-based agrochemicals. The role of Vitamin B12 in mitigating this heavy metal stress in common bean has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4), Vitamin B12, and their combination treatments on growth parameters, key biochemical indices, and Pv-MATE14 gene expression in bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. CuSO4 was applied at 50 and 125 ppm, and Vitamin B12 at 50 ppm. Solutions were applied to the soil in 60 mL aliquots every two days for a total of 14 days. At the end of the treatment period, we measured plant height, root and stem lengths, fresh weights, relative water content (RWC), proline, MDA contents, and Pv-MATE14 expression. Results showed that CuSO4 treatments significantly decreased all growth parameters and RWC, while drastically increasing proline and MDA content. CuSO4 also significantly upregulated Pv-MATE14 expression, severely inhibiting growth and development. Conversely, Vitamin B12 application increased growth parameters and RWC, decreased proline and MDA content, and significantly downregulated Pv-MATE14 expression. These findings demonstrate that Vitamin B12 effectively mitigates the adverse effects of CuSO4 stress by promoting growth, alleviating cellular damage, and normalizing the expression of the Pv-MATE14 metal transporter gene in common bean.

Keywords

CuSO4 , Phaseolus vulgaris L. , Vitamin B12 , MDA , Prolin , Pv-MATE14

Ağır Metal (CuSO4) Stresine Bırakılan Çalı Fasülyesi (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Bitkisinde Kobalamin (Vitamin B12) Uygulamasının Bazı Büyüme, Biyokimyasal Parametreler ve Pv-MATE14 Gen Ekspresyon Seviyesi Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bakır (Cu) toksisitesi, özellikle Cu bazlı zirai kimyasalların kullanımıyla toprak Cu seviyeleri arttıkça, bitki sağlığı için önemli bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Vitamin B12'nin fasulye bitkilerinde Cu ağır metal stresini hafifletmedeki rolü tam olarak aydınlatılmamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, çalı fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tohumları materyal olarak kullanılmış ve bakır(II) sülfat (CuSO4), Vitamin B12 ve kombinasyon uygulamalarının bazı büyüme parametreleri, biyokimyasal analizler ve Pv-MATE14 gen ifadesi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Uygulanan konsantrasyonlar CuSO4 (50 ve 125 ppm), Vitamin B12 (50 ppm) ve bunların kombinasyonları olup, konsantrasyonlar 14 gün boyunca ikişer gün aralıklarla 60 mL çözelti halinde bitkilerin toprağına uygulanmıştır. Bu sürenin sonunda, bitkiler hasat edilmiş ve uygulamaların bitki boyu, kök ve gövde uzunlukları (cm), kök, gövde ve yaprak yaş ağırlıkları (g), nispi su içeriği (%), prolin ve MDA içerikleri ve Pv-MATE14 gen ifadesi düzeyi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, CuSO4 uygulamaları, tüm büyüme parametrelerini ve RWC'yi önemli ölçüde azaltmış, prolin ve MDA içeriğini şiddetli bir şekilde artırmış ve Pv-MATE14 gen ifadesini belirgin olarak yukarı regüle ederek bitki büyüme ve gelişimini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Öte yandan, Vitamin B12 uygulaması, büyüme parametrelerini ve RWC'yi artırmış, prolin ve MDA içeriğini azaltmış ve Pv-MATE14 ifadesini önemli ölçüde aşağı regüle ederek bitki büyüme ve gelişiminde olumlu bir etki göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, Vitamin B12'nin CuSO4 stresinin olumsuz etkilerini etkin bir şekilde hafiflettiğini ve fasulyede büyümeyi desteklerken hücresel hasarı azalttığını ve Pv-MATE14 metal taşıyıcı geninin ifadesini normalleştirdiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

CuSO4 , Phaseolus vulgaris L. , Vitamin B12 , MDA , Prolin , Pv-MATE14

Supporting Institution

Herhangi bir fon yoktur

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