ELİT VOLEYBOLCULARDA SERVİS ÇEŞİDİ, POZİSYON VE CİNSİYETİN SERVİS HIZINA ETKİSİ

Abstract

Voleybolda sıçrayarak kullanılan servisler en sık kullanılan servislerdir. Servis çeşitleri arasında en hızlısı smaç servistir. Bu çalışmaya 120 kadın ve 134 erkek voleybol oyuncusu dahil edildi. Toplamda kadın oyuncular 2872 servis (smaç servis (SS)=163, sıçrayarak yüzen servis (SY)=2163, durarak servis (DS) =546) kullanırken, erkek oyuncular 3296 servis (smaç servis (SS)=1546, sıçrayarak yüzen servis (SYS)=1745, durarak servis (DS) =5) kullandı. Servis hızları radar tabanca ile ölçüldü. Erkek ve kadın oyuncuların kullandığı servis çeşitlerinin dağılımındaki fark χ2 testi ile değerlendirildi. Servis hızına cinsiyet, oyuncunun pozisyonu ve servis çeşidinin etkisinin belirlenmesinde varyans analizi kullanıldı. Erkek ve kadın oyuncuların kullandığı servis çeşitleri birbirinden farklıydı (p<0,05). Servis hızı ile cinsiyet, oyuncunun pozisyonu ve servis çeşidinin etkileşimi anlamlıydı [F(6,6166)=70,622, p<0,0001]. Cinsiyet, oyuncunun pozisyonu ve servis çeşidinin servis hızı üzerindeki ana etkileri de anlamlı bulundu [sırasıyla, F(1,6166)=22,848, p<0,0001; F(3,6166)=4,369, p=0,004; ve F(2,6166)=150,916, p<0,0001]. Erkekler kadınlara göre daha etkili servisleri tercih etmişlerdir (p<0,0001). Erkeklerde SS hızı SY hızından daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,0001). daha önceki çalışmalarda kadınlar tarafından en sık kullanıldığı bulunan DS yerine SY servisi tercih etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak kadın voleybolu daha güçlü bir oyun stiline dönüşmektedir. Kadın pasör çaprazları SS ve SY servislerinin geliştirilmesi için eğitilmelidir çünkü servis hızları diğer kadın sporculardan genel olarak daha düşüktür. 

Keywords

• atletik performans
• erkek
• kadın
• spor
• teknik performans

EFFECTS OF SERVE TYPE, POSITION, AND GENDER ON THE SERVE SPEED OF ELITE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Abstract

Jump service is a powerful serve type and produces greater power output in volleyball. Among serve types, the speed of JT serves is the fastest. This study included 120 female and 134 male volleyball players. In total, male players performed 3296 serves (jump topspin (JT)=1546, jump float (JF)=1745, tennis=5) while females performed 2872 serves (JT=163, JF=2163, tennis=546) over several volleyball games. Serve speeds were measured with a radar gun. A χ² test was performed to analyze differences in the distribution of serve types used by male and female volleyball players. Comparisons were performed via analysis of variance to detect the effect of gender, player position, and serve type on serve speed. Serve types used by female and male players were different (p<0.05). The interaction of gender, player position, and serve type on serve speed was significant (F_(6,6166)=70.622, p<0.0001). The main effects of gender, player position, and serve type were also significant (F_(1,6166)=22.848, p<0.0001; F_(3,6166)=4.369 ,p=0.004; and F_(2,6166)=150.916, p<0.0001, respectively). Males produced more powerful serves than their female counterparts (p < 0.001l). The speeds of JT serves were higher than those of JF serves among males (p < 0.0001).Females preferred JF serve instead of SS which was found to be most used serve type in previous studies. The characteristics of female volleyball are changing to a powerful game style. Female opposites should be trained to improve their JT and JF serves because their serve speeds were generally lower than those of other female players. 

Keywords

• athletic performance
• female
• male
• sports
• tecnique performance

References

1. 1. Agelonidis Y. The jump serve in volleyball: From oblivion to dominance. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 2004;47(3):205-214.
2. 2. García-de-Alcaraz A, Ortega E, Palao JM. Effect of Age Group on Technical–Tactical Performance Profile of the Serve in Men’s Volleyball. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2016;123(2):508-525.
3. 3. Moras G, Busca B, Pena J, et al. A comparative study between serve mode and speed and its effectiveness in a high-level volleyball tournament. Journal of Sports Medicine Physical Fitness, 2008;48(1):31-36.
4. 4. Katsikadelli A. A comparative study of the attack serve in high-level volleyball tournaments. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1996;30(6):259-268.
5. 5. Katsikadelli A. Reception and the attack serve of the world's leading volleyball teams. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1998;34(5):223-232.
6. 6. Palao JM, Manzanares P, Ortega E. Techniques used and efficacy of volleyball skills in relation to gender. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2009;9(2):281-293.
7. 7. Costa G, Afonso J, Brant E, Mesquita I. Differences in game between male and female youth volleyball. Kinesiology, 2012;44(1):60-66.
8. 8. Palao JM, Santos JA, Ureña A. Effect of team level on skill performance in volleyball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2004;4(2):50-60.

9. 9. Charalabos I, Savvas L, Sophia P, Theodoros I. Biomechanical differences between jump topspin serve and jump float serve of elite Greek female volleyball players. Medicina Sportiva: Journal of Romanian Sports Medicine Society, 2013;9(2):2083.
10. 10. Reeser JC, Verhagen E, Briner WW, Askeland TI, Bahr R. Strategies for the prevention of volleyball related injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006;40(7):594-600.
11. 11. Quiroga ME, García-Manso JM, Rodríguez-Ruiz D, Sarmiento S, De Saa Y, Moreno MP. Relation between In-Game Role and Service Characteristics in Elite Women's Volleyball. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2010;24(9):2316-2321.
12. 12. Gray R, Orn A, Woodman T. Ironic and Reinvestment Effects in Baseball Pitching: How Information About an Opponent Can Influence Performance Under Pressure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2017;39(1):3-12.
13. 13. Tocci NX, Howell DR, Sugimoto D, Dawkins C, Whited A, Bae D. The Effect of Stride Length and Lateral Pelvic Tilt on Elbow Torque in Youth Baseball Pitchers. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2017;33(5):339-346.
14. 14. Bishop P, Cureton K, Collins M. Sex difference in muscular strength in equally-trained men and women. Ergonomics, 1987;30(4):675-687.
15. 15. Miller AE, MacDougall JD, Tarnopolsky MA, Sale DG. Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 1993;66(3):254-262.